江苏省南京市宁海中学分校中考英语一轮语法复习 动词（无答案）.docVIP

动词一、分类1. 实义动词 eat, drink, sleep, run, play 可分为：及物动词、不及物动词、延续性动词和非延续性动词2. 系动词 look, sound, smell, keep, stay（后跟形容词做表语，组成系表结构） 状态类：be, stay, seem, keep 感官类：feel, look, smell, taste, sound 变化类：become, get, go, grow, turn 注意：系动词不能单独作谓语、系动词没有被动语态、不用于进行时 除了be动词外，其他的系动词加形容词作表语3. 助动词 do/does/did, have/has/had( 完成时中), will ， 否定在助动词后直接加 not, 问句直接把助动词提到主语前面4. 情态动词 can, could, may, might, must, ought, should , need 等。否定在后面直接加not,问句直接提前 情态动词考点分析：1）can/could, be able to区别: 两者都可以用来表示能力。can只有现在时(can)和过去时 (could)，而be able to可用于多种时态。 注: can与be able to，不能重复使用2）can/could表示“可能性” 没有时间区别，can 可能性比could 大， 表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。 he cant be at home.（不可能在家）3) can/could/may/might 表示 “请求；许可”要注意：can/could 提问时的回答 e.g could i use your bike, mum? yes, you can.辨析：could you ride a bike last year? no, i couldnt. but i can now.（表能力）4）情态动词的否定: 部分情态动词的否定形式是情态动词考点之一.mustnt 不准, 禁止 neednt没必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能; 不可能 may not 不可以; 可能不 shouldnt不应该 ( = ought not to ) had better not 最好不要5）need 用法 a: 作为情态动词: i need not finish the work now . 注意对need问句的回答: -must i finish the work today? -yes, you must./ -no, you neednt. / -no, you dont have to neednt 对其它情态动词的回答: -shall i tell john about it? -no, you neednt (dont have to) b: 作为实义动词: we need to finish the work .(肯定) we dont need to finish the work . (否定) c. 其它用法 my bike needs repairing. = my bike needs to be repaired.巩固练习1. mom,must i go shopping with you? （15南京）no,you . you can watch the film big hero 6 with your friends.a. neednt b. cant c. shouldnt d. mustnt2. you park here! look at the sign.it says “no parking”. （15苏州）sorry, i didnt notice that sign just now. a. wont b. neednt c. mustnt d. couldnt3. excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic? （12扬州）im not sure. ask our monitor, please. he know. a. need b. can c. may d. shall4. how nice that lucy has been invited to the party too!(14常州) well,lucy not come.she is not certain whether her mother will allow her to. a. might b. would c. must d. need5.the lady in this photo be over fifty! she looks so young! (12无锡)a. mustnt b. must c. cant d. can二、非谓语动词(to do, doing, done)1. to do： 动词不定式 肯定形式:to do 否定形式:not to do a 常见的动词不定式的搭配 want / would like / hope / decide / plan to do ask/want/tell/invite/warn sb. (not) to do it takes sb. some time to do its +adj.+ of/for sb. to do 形容词/副词+ enough to do too to do have no choice but to do what to dob 不带to 的不定式的固定搭配 make / let / have sb. do sth had better (not) do sth why not/dont you do? would rather do than do would you please (not) do sth.? c 动词不定式在句中的作用 1) 对我们来说学好英语很重要(主语） _is important for us. it is important for us_. 2) 他们不知道怎么做。（疑问词+动词不定式作宾语） they dont know _ . 3) 这个游戏的目的是环游世界以了解各地的历史。（表语） the purpose of the game is _each place. 4) 你想要的喝的吗？（动词不定式做后置定语修饰不定代词） would you like something_? 5) 我们有很多家庭作业要做。 we have a lot of homework_. 6) 老师让我们明天把字典带到学校来。（宾补） the teacher asked us_ to school tomorrow. 7) 人们急匆匆地将生病的男孩送到医院。 （目的状语） people were in a hurry _ the boy to the hospital . 2. 动词ing a 接v-ing 动名词作宾语的搭配 enjoy/finish/practice/keep/mind/advise/suggest/cant help. spend (time/money) be busy/have difficulty/have fun be worth /have a great time/feel like be used to look forward to pay attention to devoteto be/get used to b 易混淆、易错的用法 1.prefer to do / prefer doing to doing 2.stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 3. be used to doing 习惯于做。 be used to do 被用来做。 be used for doing 被用来做。 used to do 过去常做。 4. remember/forget to do remember/forget doing 5. see sb. do sth 看见某人经常做某事或做了某事 see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 hear sb. do sth 听见某人经常做某事或做了某事 hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事c. done过去分词: the boy called tom(叫tom的男孩), the clothes made of wool（羊毛制成的衣服） 要注意做定语的过去分词与被动语态的区别: the boy is called tom. 这个男孩叫tom the clothes are made of wool.这衣服是羊毛制的 巩固练习a 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. would you like _(have) something to eat?2. they decided _ (not take) part in the evening party at last.3. dont forget _(turn) off the lights before you go out.4. its unnecessary for students _(have) so many lessons.5. all of our teachers are patient enough _ (help) us with our study.6. _(drive) to work takes me more time because of too much traffic.7. it is our first time _(visit) paris.b 易混淆词、词组练习1. do you know our new manager? (15苏州)yes.he to be a friend of my brother.a. turns up b. turns on c. turns out d. turns off2. cao wenxuans new book has just . lets go and buy one. （12盐城） a. come over b. come down c. come on d. come out 3. dont , my children. keep working hard and you will win the match.thank you, mr. zhang. well try our best. （12扬州）a. put up b. call up c. set up d. give up4. the government should the use of new types of energy to make a greener world.(15无锡) a. push in b. push for c. put out d. put up 5. the students are the leaflets to people over there to ask them to protect our earth. a. printing out b. giving out c. selling out d. putting out （12南通）三、英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。英语常见八种时态：(请写出位于动词的形式)一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 过去将来时： 现在进行时：过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 1. 一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 1） 一般现在时的用法：表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间状语：表示频度的副词always，often，usually，sometimes等。on sundays，on monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等时间状语。once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。如：he gets up at five oclock every day. he often plays football. 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如： the earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：the train for haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if, unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：please ring me up as soon as you arrive in germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / if it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)2）第三人称单数的构成： 直接在词尾加-s play-plays以字母-s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o结尾的在词尾加es wash-washes, go-goes以“辅音字母y结尾的，去y变i加-es fly-flies, cry-cries2. 一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth来表示）1）常用时间状语 ： yesterday, last night, 时间段+ ago, in 2000, before, when等引导的含过去时的句子。2）动词过去式的构成： 直接在词尾加-ed plant-planted 以e结尾的, 加-d change-changed 重读闭音节最后只有一个辅音字母结尾,双写这个辅音字母再加-ed prefer-preferred 以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed try-tried 不规则变化 see-saw, buy-bought 见英语书后的附录注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：fix fixed, mix mixed3. 一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。1）一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, soon, someday, in the future, in+一段时间; when/ after等引导的状语从句的主句中。 如：i will call you when my mother comes back.2）时态构成: (1) will / shall + 动词原形 (2)am /is / are going to + 动词原形3）特殊情况： (1) 一般现在时代替将来时，用于时刻表，日历等 (2)个别动词用现在进行时代替将来时， 此类动词有：come, go, leave, stay, start, begin4. 过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要的动作或存在的状态。1）常用时间状语： 通常跟在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day). 如： tom told me (that) he would go swimming the next day.2）时态构成： would+动词原形； was/were going to +动词原形5现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。常用时间状语 ：now, at present, at the moment, listen! / look!1）时态构成: am/ is /are +doing(现在分词）2）现在进行时的用法位移动词：go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等，常用进行时表将来。表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。we are leaving for london soon. 我们很快就要动身去伦敦了。she is going there tomorrow. 她明天要去那里。 im coming now.(我就来)表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：he is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it a few days later.但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。a、表示感觉的动词。如see，hear等。b、表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如like，love，hate等。c、表示希望的动词。如want，would like等。d、表示归属的动词。如have等。e、表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如know，forget等。 3）现在分词构成形式： (1)直接加ing cook-cooking (2)不发音e结尾去e加ing take-taking (注意：see-seeing) (3)重读闭音节双写最后一个字母加ing run-running, swimswimming (4) 特殊词 lie lying， die dying ， tie tying6. 过去进行时：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 1）常用时间状语 ： this / that time yesterday, at six yesterday, at that time fromto yesterday, when + 含有过去时的从句2）时态构成: was/were +doing(现在分词）7现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。1）时态构成：助动词have / has +过去分词(p.p)； (规则动词的过去分词和过去式相同，不规则的可以看词汇表) 2）现在完成时用法表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before等。表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：i have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了) = i have been away from my hometown since three years ago.= it is 3 years since i left my hometown.口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：they have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书) been in 呆在某地，been to 去过某地回来了，gone to 去了某地，还没回来，不在说话的现场在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化如下图：非延续性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget marriedput onget upwake upfall asleepjoinleavearrive/reach 或者使用下面这个句型：it is / has been + (多久) + since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+过去时间状语注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题, 关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：how long may i keep the book? (这本书我能借多久？) (句子中keep取代了borrow)8. 过去完成时:表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。1) 常用时间状语： by the time , by the end of , when / before + 含有过去时的从句，跟在主句为一般过去时的从句中2) 时态构成： had +过去分词(p.p)； (规则动词的过去分词和过去式相同，不规则的可以看词汇表)巩固练习1. when will uncle sam come to see us?hell visit us this weekend.he me that by email.（15南京） a. told b. is told c. will tell d. was going to tell 2. where is joan? she a novel in her study. （15苏州） a. has read b. reads c. will read d. is reading3. have you ever been to singapore? （12盐城） yes. i _ there last year with my parents. a. go b. went c. have been d. was going4. would you like to watch the three-d film titanic with me ? (12连云港) certainly . i dont mind seeing it again although i it twice. a. sawb. was seen c. have seen d. had seen5. will you watch the program running man in zhejiang star tv tonight?yes,of course.it_one of the most popular shows since last october. （15镇江）a. wasb. became c. has been d. has become四、语态（主动语态和被动语态）1.被动语态的基本结构：be+ done 2.被动语态的各种时态构成： 1)一般现在时： 2)一般过去时： 3)一般将来时： 4)现在完成时： 3.情态动词被动语态的构成： 4.特殊句型的被动语态：含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, watch, feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。例：mother often makes me do some housework. i am often made to do some housework by mother.we saw him run into the classroom. he was seen to run into the classroom by us.teach, give, pass, show, buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例：he gave