年俗文化知多少(中英).doc

春节从狭义上讲，一般就是指除夕和正月初一；但在民间，传统意义上的春节是由一系列的活动构成的，一般从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三或二十四的祭灶开始，一直到正月十五，其中又以除夕、正月初一和元霄节为三大高潮标志；因此，春节以农历岁首为界，喜庆气氛要持续一个多月。岁首前有腊祭、祭灶、祭祖、除秽，三十日要贴门神、对联、吃饺子、放鞭炮，除夕有吃年夜饭、“守岁”等活动，正月初一晚辈向长辈拜年，然后到亲友家拜年。亲友第一次见面时，一般说些“恭贺新喜”、“恭喜发财”、“恭喜”、“过年好”等祝福的话，互相祝贺。而这时，新女婿一般都要到岳父母家中拜年，日子一般选在年初三或初四。另外，各地除互相登门拜年，还有给儿童压岁钱、舞狮子、耍龙灯、演社火、逛花市、赏灯会等习俗这期间游人满街，盛况空前，直到元宵节（正月十五）过后，春节才算结束了。The Spring Festival is not the same as the original and now, in fact the Spring Festival is in the historical evolution of development to establish the. It is mainly in the twenty-four solar term in the spring and the lunar Suishou two content links appear in development. First of all, the Spring Festival is the lunar Suishou, commonly known as have the spring festival. In ancient times, the year is not in the year twenty-nine or thirty, but in the wax , later laba. After the northern and Southern Dynasties, the wax offering to the end. Secondly, the ancient spring festival is Spring Festival, namely twenty-four solar term of the first section, is a spring festival; and because the Spring Festival is generally in the beginning before and after, so that the period of the Republic of China to the solar calendar, the Lunar New Year Spring Festival is called. According to the Chinese lunar calendar, lunar January day in ancient times called yuan, Yuan Chen, yuan, Yuan Shuo, such as new years day, commonly known as the Lunar New Years day, and on the day, is moving towards the moon, three, three, three, three element such as another name for the beginning, that first day, month, year lunar January is the beginning of day three. The Spring Festival in a narrow sense, generally refers to new years Eve and lunar January day; but in the folk, traditional Spring Festival is composed of a series of activities, generally from the twelfth lunar month offering or twenty-three or twenty-four people, has been to the lunar January fifteen, which again on New Years Eve, lunar January day and the Lantern Festival for the three climax symbol; therefore, the Spring Festival to the lunar year is bounded, the festive atmosphere continued for more than a month. At the beginning of the year before the EP offering, exploring, worship, removing dirty, thirty day posted goalkeeper, poetic couplet, eating dumplings on New Years Eve, firecrackers, eat the dinner on New Years Eve, staying-up and other activities, lunar January first juniors their elders to pay New Years call, and then to the home of relatives and friends pay New Years call. Friends and relatives when they meet for the first time, the general said a happy New Year, may you be happy and prosperous!, Congratulations, have the Spring Festival and other words of blessing, wish each other. And then, the new son-in-law generally have to pay New Years call father-in-law s home in the general election in the year, day of the third or fourth. In addition, all over except each others pay New Years call, and give children gift money, lion dance, dragon dance, play fire, visiting the flower market, enjoys the exhibit of lanterns and other customs . . During this period the visitors to the streets, exceptionally grand occasion, until the Lantern Festival ( lunar January after fifteen ), until the end of the spring festival.春节，从字面意义上讲就是春天的节日。春天来临，万象更新，新一轮播种和收获季节又要开始。人们有足够的理由载歌载舞来迎接这个节日。于是，节前就在门脸上贴上红纸黄字的新年寄语。当春姑娘来到门口时，会念一遍寄托新一年美好愿望的句子，这一念，好运真的来了。同样寓意的事情还有挂大红灯笼和贴“福”字及财神像等，“福”字还必须倒贴，路人一念“福倒了”，也就是“福到了”。The Spring Festival, tell from literal meaning is the Spring Festival. Spring is coming, let us also start anew, a new round of planting and harvesting season is beginning. The people have the enough reason to now singing, now dancing to meet this festival. Then, before the face pasted red paper New Year message the word yellow. When spring came to the door girl, will read it placed the new year sentence aspiration, this study, good luck. Meaning the same thing still hanging red lanterns and paste blessing word and as the God of wealth, blessing word must also give people passing by, blessing, namely blessing to.由来：太古时期，有一种凶猛的怪兽，散居在深山密林中，人们管它们叫“年”。它的形貌狰狞，生性凶残，专食飞禽走兽、鳞介虫豸，一天换一种口味，从磕头虫一直吃到大活人，让人谈“年”色变。后来，人们慢慢掌握了“年”的活动规律，它是每隔三百六十五天窜到人群聚居的地方尝一次口鲜，而且出没的时间都是在天黑以后，等到鸡鸣破晓，它们便返回山林中去了。Origin: Pacific time, there is a ferocious monster, scattered in the dense forests in the deep mountains, the people they called years. Its appearance is fierce, ferocious, preys on birds and animals, insects medium scales, for a taste of the day, from kowtow to eat large insects has been living, people talk about years pale. Later, people gradually mastered the year activity, it is the place where every three hundred and sixty-five days across the crowd where taste a fresh mouth, and go all the time after dark, when dawn cock, they will return to the mountains in the.算准了“年”肆虐的日期，百姓们便把这可怕的一夜视为关口来煞，称作“年关”，并且想出了一整套过年关的办法：每到这一天晚上，每家每户都提前做好晚饭，熄火净灶，再把鸡圈牛栏全部拴牢，把宅院的前后门都封住，躲在屋里吃“年夜饭”，由于这顿晚餐具有凶吉未卜的意味，所以置办得很丰盛，除了要全家老小围在一起用餐表示和睦团圆外，还须在吃饭前先供祭祖先，祈求祖先的神灵保佑，平安地度过这一夜，吃过晚饭后，谁都不敢睡觉，挤坐在一起闲聊壮胆。就逐渐形成了除夕熬年守岁的习惯。A prospective year raging date, people put the terrible night as a gateway to evil, called the year, and came up with a set of live the way: every day night, every household will prepare the dinner early, the chicken coop. Net range, stable all secure, the house of the front door is sealed, hiding in the house to eat the dinner on New Years Eve, because the dinner with fierce auspicious uncertain means, so with very rich, in addition to the whole family together to eat a sign of peace reunion, but before a meal for the ancestor worship, pray for the spirits of the ancestors bless, safely through the night, after dinner, who dare to sleep, sat huddled together chatting and courageous. Gradually formed on the eve of the first years staying-up habit守岁习俗兴起于南北朝，梁朝的不少文人都有守岁的诗文。“一夜连双岁，五更分二年。”人们点起蜡烛或油灯，通宵守夜，象征着把一切邪瘟 病疫照跑驱走，期待着新的一年吉祥如意。这种风俗被人们流传至今Staying-up custom arose in the northern and Southern Dynasties, Liang Zhaos many scholars have staying-up poetry. Night even two years before, in two years. People lit candles or oil lamps, night vigil, a symbol of everything evil plague epidemic racing and drive away, looking forward to the new year good luck and happiness to you. This custom has been handed down to the present，春节以农历岁首为界，喜庆气氛要持续一个多月。岁首前有腊祭、祭灶、祭祖、除秽，三十日要贴门神、对联、吃饺子、放鞭炮，除夕有吃年夜饭、“守岁”等活动，正月初一晚辈向长辈拜年，然后到亲友家拜年。亲友第一次见面时，一般说些“恭贺新喜”、“恭喜发财”、“恭喜”、“过年好”等祝福的话，互相祝贺。而这时，新女婿一般都要到岳父母家中拜年，日子一般选在年初三或初四。另