江苏省盐城市郭猛实验学校七年级英语下册 全一册知识点梳理 牛津版.doc

unit one一、词形转换wood n. wooden adj. child n. children pron. quiet adj.quietly adv. quite adv. 相当地 quiet adj. 安静的 print v. printer n. worry v. 担心worried adj.担心的 littlelessleast many/much moremost own(adj./v.) owner (n.) britain n. 不列颠british adj. 不列颠的 france n. 法国french n. 法语 adj.法国的japan n.日本japanese n. adj.日本的russia n. 俄罗斯russian n. 俄语、俄罗斯人 adj.俄罗斯的二、单词研究1. 国家、人民、语言countrypeople(pl.)languagechinachinesechinese the ukthe english/ englishmenenglish the usaamericansenglish russiarussiansrussian france the french/ frenchmenfrench australiaaustralians english canadacanadians english / frenchjapanjapanesejapanese2. capitalthe capital of the usa is washington d.c.the capital of e.g. nanjing is the capital of jiangsu province.the capital of china is beijing.3. own(adj.自己的/v.拥有) owner (n.)主人i have my own bedroom. = i have a bedroom of my own.e.g. i see with my own eyes. whos the owner of this pen?= who owns this pen?4. fun n. 乐趣，不可数名词i always have fun with my dog there.its great fun.5. most(1) most名词; adj. “大多数的”： most homes most girl students like wearing skirts. (2)most of + the / (形)物主代词(his/ their) / 指示代词（these/ those) + pl./umost of + us/you/themmost of the students would like to stay.i spend most of my free time playing football.most of them think english is very important.(3) adv.“最” ：like sth mosti like playing basketball most.6. beside = next toid like to live next to a restaurant.there is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.三、词组学习1.id like to live next to a restaurant. would like sth.= want sthwould like to do sth = want to do sthwould you like some water?= do you want some water? yes，please./ no, thanks.would you like to go with us? yes, id love/ like to. good idea. all right. / id like to, but next to =besidee.g. toms house is next to mine. jack wants to sit next to me.2.learn about homes in different countries. learn about 学习有关的知识 i want to learn more about the world. learn from 向学习 we should help each other and learn from each other. different same； be different frombe the same asin different classes in the same classits really different from the flats in beijing.be different frome.g. your pen is different from mine.city life is very different from country life. different(adj.) difference(n.)the difference betweenande.g. there are many differences between english and chinese names.3.we sit on the big floor cushions and look out at the beach and the sea.look out (of)at =see from look out ! =be careful! = take care!当心/小心e.g. dont look out of the window in class.look at / look around / look for / look like / look forward to / look after / look up4.i share a bedroom with my sister. share sth with sbe.g. the boy shared his toy with other children share in sthe.g. we should share in our sorrows as well as joys.5.simon wrote down the meaning of some of the words.write + n. +down=write down +n. write it /them downe.g. can you write down the words on your book ?= can you write the words on your book?ok, ill write them down.meaning (n.) mean(v.)e.g. whats the meaning of “quick?= what does “quick” mean?6. ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事can you ask him to call me back?否定结构有：ask sb not to do sth类似的结构有：tell sb to do sth7. be full of 充满 your garden is full of flowers.the room is full of smoke.my grandmother visited my home with a basket full of vegetables.8. have an area of = in area(size)red square in moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.france has an area of over 260,000 square miles. = france is 260,000 square miles in area.四、语法归纳（一）cardinal numbersa.基数词的写法：“几十几”十位和个位之间用“”。e.g. 32 thirty-two101999 百位和十位间加“and”.e.g. 928 nine hundred and twenty-eight1000以上的数，从后往前每三位一段，倒数第一个数读thousand，倒数第二个数读million，依次类推。e.g. 8,542,601 eight million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, six hundred and oneb .基数词的运用：1. hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有数字修饰表示“精确数”一般用单数，但表示不定数目用复数：hundreds of; thousands of; millions of 注意区别：three hundred students; hundreds of students; three hundred of the students2. 表示“几十”的数词，其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。e.g. in his twenties in the thirties the 1990s3. 表示房间号、公共汽车号、电话号码、页数、年龄等用基数词，如：room 801; no. 1 bus; page 44; two oclock; a twelve-year-old girl4. 一些计算或分数、百分数等，如：two plus two is four.five times six is thirty.a half; a third; a quarter; three quarters; one-eighth; seven-eighths;thirty percent5. 年月日中，年用基数词；日用序数词january 18, 2014; 18th january 20146. 基数词表0zero10ten20twenty1001one11eleven30thirtyone hundred2two12twelve40forty1,0003three13thirteen50fiftyone thousand4four14fourteen60sixty10,0005five15fifteen70seventyten thousand6six16sixteen80eighty100,0007seven17seventeen90ninetyone hundred thousand8eight18eighteen1,000,0009nine19nineteenone million（二） ordinal numbers序数词的运用：1. 表示日期：e.g. 6月1日 on the first of june/ on june (the) first2. 表示编号：e.g. lesson 5=the fifth lesson3. 表示名次，起副词作用，前无“the” e.g. simon came first in the english exam.4. 序数词前有限定词修饰时，不加“the”. e.g. this is my first lesson. 5. 表示次序或楼层，如： he is always the first to come to school in our class. wilson lives on the twelfth floor.6. a/an+序数词 ，表示“又一、再一”； id like a second try.7. 序数词表ordinal numbersordinal numbers1st=first10th=tenth2nd=second11th=eleventh3rd=third12th=twelfth4th=fourth13th=thirteenth5th=fifth20th=twentieth6th=sixth21st=twenty-first7th=seventh22nd=twenty-second8th=eighth23rd=twenty-third9th=ninth30th=thirtieth五、拓展提升1. ill arrive in beijing on sunday.arrive (vi.) arrive in(大地点)/at (小地点)= get to = reach(及物动词)e.g. the train arrived an hour ago. he arrives at school on time every day.=he gets to school on time every day.= he reaches school on time every day.arrive there/ here/home =get there/ here/ home误：reach there/ here/ home2.whos calling/speaking/that? （打电话用语）请问你是谁？“我是”用this is e.g. this is jack speaking. may i speak to? 可以找接电话吗？ yes, speaking. 是的，请讲。 just a minute/ moment. 请稍等。 whats your telephone number?sorry, wrong number.hold on, please. 别挂断。call sb back给某人回电话；answer the call 接电话3. it rains a lot. 表示下雨、下雪、冷热等自然状况等用it作为主语it often rains a lot in summer in haimen.it doesnt rain here in winter.it never snows here in summer.does it often rain here in spring in shanghai?4. the cn tower is 1,815 feet tall. 表示物体的长宽高厚深等的句型为：某物 is 数量 long/ wide/ tall / high/ thick/ deep.the yangtze is 6,300 kilometres long.im 1.72 metres tall.5. 表示方位的in, on, toshanghai is in the east of china.russia is on the north of china.japan is to the east of china.unit2 neighbours1.a community centre社区中心2.social worker社会福利工作者3.all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of不同种类的be kind to对好4.begin with=start with以开始 5.at the weekend在周末6.do some shopping购物7.plan out安排，筹划 plan to do sth.计划做某事8.the day after tomorrow后天9.make a fire生火10.far( away) from离远11.in the future将来 in future 以后，今后12.need to do需要做某事 need doing 需要被做13.feel well感觉舒服14. be sure+（that）从句 确信 be sure of对有根据 be sure to do sth.一定做某事15. have a meeting开会16.ask sb.to do sth.让/要求某人做某事17.be ready to do sth.准备做某be ready to help 乐于助人be/get ready for为做准备18.wait for sb.to do sth.等候某人做某事19.how about+n./pron./v.-ing（做）怎么样20.by+“交通工具(train/bus/ship/bike)” 乘坐21. have to do sth.不得不做某事22.practise doing sth.练习做某事23.“what/how+to do (sth.)”“疑问词+不定式”作宾语24.police station警局 post office邮局25be going to do sth.计划、打算做某事26.theres something wrong with某物坏（失灵）了27. be good at=do well in 擅长做某事be good for 对有益be good to sb.对某人和善28. worry about =be worried about为某人/某事担心29.ill =i will/shall30.in the neighbourhood of 大约，左右31. most of中的大多数（后面加可数名词和不可数名词都可以 ）32.be helpful to sb.对某人很有帮助33.be of some/no/much help to sb.对某人有些/没有/很有帮助34.help oneself(to)自用(事物等)35.help sb.out帮助某人克服困难、解决问题、渡过难关、完成工作等36.with the help of 在的帮助下37. .help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事38.help to do sth.有助于做某事39.be lucky to do sth.幸运做某事40.youre welcome./thats ok./thats all right./not at all. 不用谢。welcome to the unit1- where are you going? 你去哪儿？ - im going to visit our new neighbours.我去拜访我们的新邻居。 探究点：be going to后接动词_。我打算在放学后踢足球。 i_ _ _ play football after school.2. im afraid they wont welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他们不欢迎像你这样的拜访者。 探究点一：be afraid的意思是“_” (1) be afraid of (doing) sth.意为“害怕（做）某事”。.我害怕那条狗。_ 你害怕一个人呆在这儿吗？_ (2) be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事”。我害怕在夜间出去。_ (3)“be afraid + that从句”意为“担心”。我担心他没有通过考试。_. 我担心他将会知道这个不好的消息。 i_ _ that he_ know the bad news. 探究点二：welcome在此用作_（词性）。 指点迷津 welcome在此用作动词，意为“欢迎”。 (1)用作形容词，意为“受欢迎的”。.在会议上，你们都是受欢迎的。_ (2)用作动词，意为“欢迎”。欢迎来到我们学校！_ (3)用作名词，意为“欢迎”。他热烈欢迎我的到来。_ 探究点三：like在此用作_（词性）。 指点迷津 like在此用作介词，意为“像一样”。like的具体用法如下： (1)用作介词，意为“像一样”。他能像他的父亲一样讲英语。_ (2)用作动词，意为“喜欢”。我不喜欢玩这个游戏。_ 我需要一辆和你一样的自行车。 i need a bike_ _.3. most of them have 14 floors. 它们中大多数有14层。 探究点：most在此用作_（词性）。指点迷津 most在此用作代词，意为“大部分，大多数”。most的具体用法如下： (1)用作代词，意为“大部分，大多数”。 我们中大多数人喜欢这首歌。_ (2)用作限定词，意为“大多数的，大部分的；最多的”。大多数学生喜欢英语。_ (3)用作副词，意为“最；非常，极其”。我最喜欢音乐。_辨析 most与most ofmost与most of的区别在许多情况下与所修饰的名词是否带有限定词（如冠词、指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）有关，具体说来，应注意以下几点：(1)若所修饰的名词前没有限定词，通常要用most，而不用most of。most people agree with me.大多数人同意我的意见。但是，在习惯上不带冠词的专有名词（如人名和地名等）或抽象名词（如学科名词等）前，要用most of，而不用most。most of wales is without water威尔士大多数地区都断水了。(2)若所修饰的名词前带有限定词，则用most of，而不用most。most of the people here know each other.这里的大多数人互相认识。注意 对于可数名词来说，如果是单数形式，不能直接在其前用most，而应使用“most of+限定词+单数可数名词”的形式。it is wet and windy for most of the week. -周大多时间都是既刮风又潮湿的。(3)若直接用在人称代词之前，要用most of，而不用most。most of us think he is wrong.我们大多数人认为他错了。most songs here are new. 同义句转换。_ _the songs here are new.reading1. they help us with all kinds of problems.他们帮助我们解决各种问题。探究点一：help sb. with sth的同义短语是什么？ 我姐姐经常帮助我学习语文_ 探究点二：all kinds of意为“_”。 这家书店里有各种各样的书籍。_ 这家商店里有各种各样的电脑。there are_ _ _ computers in this shop.2theres something wrong with my computer.我的电脑出了问题。 探究点：theres something wrong with的意思是“_”可与 “something is wrong with”“something doesnt work.”“something is broken.”进行句型转换。 我的收音机出了故障。there is something wrong with my radio. =_= _= _ 注意 “没有出故障”周“there isnt anything wrong with ./there is nothing wrong with/nothing is wrong with”。 there isnt anything wrong with my mp3. =there is nothing wrong with my mp3. =nothing is wrong with my mp3.我的mp3没有出故障。 my pen is broken. 同义句转换theres _ _ _ my pen.3some college students are ready to help. -些大学生乐于助人。 探究点：be ready to do sth的意思是“_”那个女孩乐于说英语。_拓展 get ready for意为“为做准备”。 我们都在为考试做准备。_ ( )he is ready _speak at the meeting. a. to bfor cwith dof4. simon wants to ask someone to fix his bicycle. 西蒙想请人修他的自行车。 探究点一：want后接动词的_形式作宾语。我想和你谈一谈。_ 知识拓展 want还可构成want sb. to do sth.结构。 他想给你一个惊喜。_. ( )they want_ at six in the afternoon. a. meet b. to meet c. meeting d. to meeting 探究点二：ask sb. to do sth的意思是“_” 老师叫我们去办公室。_ 注意 ask sb. to do sth.的否定形式为：ask sb. not to do sth.。那个人叫他不要坐在这儿。_. 他经常叫他的儿子早点回家。 he often_ his son_ _ home early. 探究点三：fix的意思是“_”。 我认为这台电视机需要修理了。_ 你能把它安装到墙上吗？_ 你能帮我修理我坏了的课桌吗？can you help me _my_ desk?grammar1. she is going to watch the film next friday. 她打算下周五看这部电影。 探究点一：一般将来时的构成形式有哪几种，其区别又是什么？ 指点迷津 (1) be going to的用法 be going to是一种固定结构，后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。含有be going to结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。 今天下午我们打算开班会。（安排）_ 看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测）_ be going to的肯定句 be going to结构中的be动词很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am，is，are。当主语是i时用am；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。明天早上我打算去买些东西。i am going to buy something tomorrow morning. 她打算今天下午去看望王先生。she is going to see mr wang this afternoon. be going to的否定句和一般疑问句 由于句子中有be动词，因此be going to的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be(am，is，are)的后面加上not就构成了否定句；把be (am，is，are)放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：yes，主语+amis/are.no，主语+isnt/arent.no，im not.另外，i am在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“are you？”。 他们不打算下周去看这部电影。they are not going to watch the film next week. 他们打算下周去看这部电影吗？-are they going to watch the film next week?是的。不。- yes，they are. /no，they arent.使用be going to时的注意点a. there be句型的be going to结构为：there is/are going to be (注意句型中going to后面的be不能改为have)，常用来表示将有某事发生。下周末我们学校将有一场足球比赛。_bcome，go，leave，arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to结构连用。(2)一般将来时也可用“shall/will+动词原形”表示。shall只用于主语为第一人称(iwe)的句子中，will可用于所有人称。其否定句在shall或will后面加not，也可缩写成shant或wont；一般疑问句把shall或will放到句首，在句末加问号，其答语为：yes，主语+shall/will. /no，主语+shant/wont.我将买一辆新自行车。_他们不会在这儿呆太久。_我将再也不迟到了。_你将帮助我学英语吗？_好的，我将帮助你学英语。_2. my parents and i are planning a day out with my uncles family the day after tomorrow.我和我的父母计划后天和我的叔叔一家一起出去郊游。探究点：plan的意思是“_”。他们计划再买一台电脑。_ 你的新计划是什么？_我们在计划参观长城 we_ _ _ _ the great wall.3how about your uncle? 你叔叔呢？探究点：how about后接动词时用什么形式？休息一下怎么样？_ 看足球比赛怎么样？_integrated skills1. her elder brother works in a_.她的哥哥在工作。 探究点：elder的意思是“_”：他的姐姐上8年级。_ 2. she works for a_ far away from her home, so she goes to work by train. 她在远离家的工作，因此她乘火车去上班。 探究点：far away from的意思是“_”。 我家远离学校。my home is far away from school. 知识拓展 (1) far away用作表语或状语，away可以省去，因此，far away=far; far away from=far from。 (2) far( away)后不接宾语；far (away) from后一定要接宾语。they do not live far away.他们住得并不远。 (3) far是表示较笼统、模糊概念的“远”，而away是表示具体的“远”。如：very far很远；quite far相当远；how far多远；500 metres away 500米远；2 kilometres away 2公里远。 试比较：我家离医院很远。 my home is very far from the hospital. 我家离医院20公里远。my home is 20 kilometres away from the hospital. ( )my home is very _.it is about 30 kilometres_ school. a. away; far b. far; away c. far; away from d. away; from 3im good at drawing.我擅长画画。 探究点：be good at的同义短语是_。 he is good at playing football.=he does well in playing football.他擅长踢足球。 the boy is good at reading. 同义句转换。the boy_ _ _ reading.4. that sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是个好主意。 探究点：sound like的意思是“_” 那听起来像是一个真实的故事。_ 辨析 sound与sound like sound意为“听起来”，后接形容词作表语；sound like意为“听起来像”，后接名词作宾语。那音乐听起来很美。_ 那声音听起来像鸟叫声。_ ( )the song _very sad. a. like b. likes c. sounds like d. sounds 5. i want to help sick people我想帮助病人。 探究点：sick与ill有何区别？ 她的叔叔生病了。_ 她因忧虑而生病了。_ (2) sick与ill用来修饰名词时，它们的意义则不相同。sick作定语时，表示“有病的；患病的；（身体）不适的”；ill则表示“坏的；邪恶的；不吉祥的”。 她得照顾她生病的爷爷。_ 他很善良，但脾气很坏。_ . ( )he is a_ man. he cant help you carry heavy things. a. ill b. sick c. good d. helpfultask1please look at the information below请看下面的信息。 探究点一：look at的意思是“_” 辨析 look，look at，see与watch look，look at，see，watch都有“看”的意思，但用法不同。 (1) look为不及物动词，后面不能接宾语，常单独使用，以引起对方注意。 look! thats an english car.看！那是一辆英国的小汽车。 (2) look at是由动词look与介词at构成的短语，相当于及物动词，后面可以接宾语，侧重“看”的动作。please look at this picture. (3) see为及物动词，意思是“看见”，侧重“看”的结果。can i see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新钢笔吗？ (4) watch是及物动词，意思是“观看；注视”，用来指注视移动着的物体，如看电视、看球赛、看戏等。they are watching tv.他们正在看电视。 用look，look at，see或watch填空。 _! i can _some birds in the tree.he _me and smiles.they are_ the boys playing football. 探究点二：information是_（可数不可数）名词。 我正在网上查找一些关于科学方面的信息。_ _ 辨析 information与message (1) information是不可数名词，意为“通知；消息；情报”。他把所有的消息都给我了。_ (2) message是名词，意为“信息，口信”。 你能给我捎个口信吗？_ 在那里你可以查到所有的信息。 you can get_ _ _there. 探究点三：below