江苏省如皋市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解演练（6）.doc

江苏如皋市2016高考英语阅读理解【二轮】演练（6）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。as the thrills of the london 2012 olympic games fade, the focus now is on the 2016 olympic games in brazil. over the next two years it hosted the fifa confederation cup in june 2013 and will host the fifa world cup in 2014. brazil has taken steps to increase the economic profits by safeguarding the interests of broadcasters and funders. in 2009, the brazil passed the brazilian olympic act and the so-called world cup law in 2012, which are designed to fight ambush(隐性)marketing and digital piracy(盗版), and regulate advertising in and around official sporting sites. the brazilian world cup law goes much further in protecting the interests of right owners than brazils pre-existing legislation(立法)in this area, the so-called pele law. for example, the world cup law bans anyone but the official broadcaster from using images of events. however, it does permit use for non-commercial purposes. it also requires that fifa or its local broadcaster provide highlights up to two hours after each match. other items allow protection of trademarks associated with the event and ban unauthorized association with the events marks. the pele law permits, as an information right, both access to sporting sites and the use of images for journalistic purposes. it is, however, unlikely that such an understanding will be gained in relation to the world cup law which governs access to and use of images specifically in relation to the fifa world cup 2014. although the brazilian olympic act regulates the ip(知识产权)relating to the 2016 olympic games in rio, it remains silent on broadcasting rights. whatever the benefits, it seems clear that ip rights in general, and broadcasting rights in particular, will continue to play a key role in bringing in funds. if past experience is anything to go by, rio 2016 not only promises new sporting achievements, but also the breaking of new records in terms of profits produced from the sale of broadcasting and other media rights. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了巴西保护知识产权的world cup law和pele law。1. the 2016 olympics. a. promises to break many recordsb. will experience challenges in fundingc. promises to be the greatest in historyd. will bring great benefits to brazil【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据第一段的brazil has taken steps to increase the economic profits by safeguarding the interests of broadcasters and funders. 可知, 巴西将会从2016年奥运会中获得经济增长。故选d。2. the world cup law and the pele law are different in that. a. the former is stricter than the latter in protecting ip rightsb. the world cup law allows the media more freedom to use the imagesc. the former applies to advertising while the latter marketingd. the pele law bans more unauthorized association with the events marks【解析】选a。推理判断题。根据第三段的the brazilian world cup law goes much further in protecting the interests of right owners than brazils pre-existing legislation in this area, the so-called pele law. 以及下文可知, the world cup law比the pele law在保护知识产权方面更严厉。3. the passage mainly talks about. a. the advances that brazil has made in hosting sporting eventsb. the efforts that brazil is making to protect the interests of ip right ownersc. the preparations that brazil is making for the 2016 olympicsd. the challenges that brazil is facing in investment to fund the sporting events【解析】选b。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了巴西的保护知识产权的world cup law和pele law, 这说明了巴西正在在保护知识产权方面做出努力。故选b。4. the writers attitude toward rio 2016 is. a. indifferentb. positivec. negatived. unclear【解析】选b。观点态度题。根据最后一段的rio 2016 not only promises new sporting achievements, but also the breaking of new records in terms of profits produced from the sale of broadcasting and other media rights. 可知, 作者对rio 2016充满希望。故选b。由 (2013湖北,e)改编a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper,published this march in psychology and aging,examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction,while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would,the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote frieder r.lang,a professor at the university of erlangen-nuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also,the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness,medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however,the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood,individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic to accurate,to pessimistic,”the authors concluded.1.according to the study,who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?()a.optimistic adults.b.middle-aged adults.c.adults in poor health.d.adults of lower income.2.pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people .a.to fully enjoy their present lifeb.to estimate their contribution accuratelyc.to take measures against potential risksd.to value health more highly than wealth3.how do people of higher income see their future?()a.they will earn less money.b.they will become pessimistic.c.they will suffer mental illness.d.they will have less time to enjoy life.4.what is the clear conclusion of the study?()a.pessimism guarantees chances of survival.b.good financial condition leads to good health.c.medical treatment determines health outcomes.d.expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.语篇解读:德国的一项研究表明,与悲观者相比,对自己的未来过于乐观的人在未来10年更容易出现残疾或死亡。该研究还发现,年轻人对自己未来生活的满意度估计过高,中年人预测相对较准确,而老年人往往低估自己未来生活的满意度。答案及剖析:1.b事实细节题。根据第四段内容可知,1839岁的年轻人会高估自己未来生活的满意度,65岁及以上年龄的人往往会低估自己未来生活的满意度,而4064岁的中年人则对自己未来生活的满意度估计更准确一些。2.c推理判断题。根据第六段和第七段内容可知,对自己未来悲观的人比期望乐观未来的人对自己的日常行为更加小心,这样的人可能会及时采取措施应对潜在的危险,因此选c。3.a推理判断题。根据第八段中第一句可知,与身体不好或收入不高的人相比,身体好或者收入高的受访者往往预料自己身体垮得更厉害或收入明显减少。因此选a。4.d推理判断题。文章开头提到不同年龄段的人对自己未来生活满意度的估计不同;从文章接下来的内容可知,年轻人更乐观,中年人较实际,老年人更悲观,看来对未来生活满意度估计的程度是随着年龄而递减的,因此选d。【长难句子分析】lang and his colleagues主语 believed谓语 that people (who were pessimistic about their future)定语从句宾语从句may be more careful about their actions宾语从句than people (who expected a rosy future)定语从句.宾语从句lang和他的同事们认为,对自己未来悲观的人比期望乐观未来的人对自己的行为更加小心。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013西安市标准化考练，d)up to 45 rare species of australian animals are in danger of becoming extinct within 20 years, scientists warned in a report. but hope is not lost! according to the report, the species can be saved if immediate action is taken to control their natural predators (天敌) and other threats.the threatened animals can be found in the faraway kimberley region of northwestern australia. the region is similar in square miles to california. thirty percent of the endangered species are unique to the region, while others have already disappeared in other parts of australia.dr. tara martin, a research scientist said in the report, “a large extinction event is happening in australia. the north has really been the last stronghold (主要栖息地) for many species of birds and mammals and reptiles. the kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”many of the species are under threat because they are hunted by wild cats. these cats kill around 500 000 native animals in the kimberley region every day. the species face another threat, too. their native habitat is also being destroyed by wildfires and by wild donkeys and goats that compete for food and water. humans introduced cats, donkeys and goats to australia to be farm animals or pets. however, their populations have exploded in the region because they have few natural predators.the report calls for $ 95 million to immediately start protection programs. the report also suggests reducing wild donkey and goat populations in the region, building fences, fighting wildfires and educating the community about how to help the endangered species. richard hobbs, an ecologist at the university of western australia, says the costs are worthwhile because the measures will not be too difficult to carry out.文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。在澳大利亚有多达45种稀有动物在接下来的二十年里将会灭绝。报告主要讲述了这些物种所面临的危险并提出了保护它们应该采取的一些措施。13which of the following should be done to protect the rare species of australian animals?aproviding new habitat for them.bsupplying more food and water to them.cgetting rid of the dangers to them.dleading them to the north of australia for a better life.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“the species can be saved. to control their natural predators (天敌) and other treats”可知，我们人类应当立即帮助这些珍稀物种去除威胁它们生存的因素。故c项正确。14paragraphs 23 mainly tell us _.awhere the threatened animals can be foundbhow worrying the situation of the rare animals iscthe kimberley is the home of many rare speciesdthe kimberley is a safe place for animals to live答案：b段落大意题。根据第二段最后一句“. while others have already disappeared in other parts of australia.”和第三段最后一句“the kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”可知，文章此处告诉我们稀有动物的处境是多么危险。故b项正确。15the article may appear in a magazine on _.aanimals bgeographycchemistry dhistory答案：a推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些地方动物的危险处境，所以最有可能出现在杂志中的动物栏中。故a项正确。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013临沂市三模，d)maps of the worlds population show that the majority of people today live near water. we live along coastlines, around bays, up the course of rivers and streams and on islands. we also vacation at the beach and find comfort fishing on a lake. nothing makes small children happier than the chance of playing in water. more surprisingly, this human favor for water makes evolutionary(进化的)sense. sure, we need drinking water to live, but we have also benefited from whats swimming under the waves. neuroscientist crawford of the university of north london has proposed that our ancient ancestors attached to the sea, and that their devotion paid off by allowing the human species to develop large and complex brains. crawford claims that when humans separated from apes(类人猿)and appeared in the forests of africa, they stuck close to rivers and beaches and started catching fish, clams and crabs. that seafood was packed with omega3 fatty acids, essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth. its no coincidence, crawford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach. scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression than those who eat less seafood. biochemist hibbelin of the national institutes of health has shown that across cultures there is a direct link between amount of fish eaten each week and rates of depression. more interestingly, hibbelin and researcher laura have found that fish is commonly used as a symbol of happiness and good health in various religions and cultures. we know that fish and the sea are good for us, and so we seek them out. we vacation on the coast and see the waves come and go, feeling happiness has taken over our brain. when we move inland, or go home from vacation, we lose touch with our sea roots and feel unhappy. 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。16to explain humans favor for water, the author _. alists some examples bcompares some facts canalyzes some numbers draises some questions 答案：a写作手法题。为了说明人们对水的偏爱，作者在第一段里列举了许多例子。17human beings have benef