江苏省邳州市高流中学高一英语 period 4 Unit1 Grammar导学案 译林牛津版.doc

课题名称unit1 grammar课型新授课课时no.4【学习目标】1. to learn direct speech and reported speech.2. to learn the way to change direct speech into reported speech .【学习重点】how to help the students apply these rules into practice【学习难点】learn and master how to change direct speech into reported speech.【学法指导】discuss, conclude and practice.课前自主学习 【导学过程】（学习方式，学习内容，学习程序，问题）个案补充预习导学（10分钟） 把下面的直接引语变为间接引语（b级）1、the teacher said, “the earth moves around the sun”._.2、he said to me, “you will pass the exam tomorrow.”_.3、i said to her, “what are you doing now?”_.4、betty asked me, “did you see your teacher?”_. 5、he said，“how happy i am!”_.6、the doctor said to me，“never smoke!”_.7、she asked me, “what do you wart?”_.8、he asked her, “are you fond of sports or reading?”_.9、he said to me, “please sit down.”_.10、he said，“i went there in 1998” _.课中合作探究展示导思（25分钟）直接引语和间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词联接主句。 直接引语变间接引语a.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(口语中常省略)，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。(1)人称的变化 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”(2)时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化：一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时 过去完成时过去完成时补充：在把直接引语变成间接引语时，谓语动词的时态一般要作相应的变化，但在下列几种情况下时态不变。如果间接引语主句中的动词是一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时或将来时态时。如：he says,“this work is too difficult.” _. 当直接引语是表示不因说话时间变化而变化的科学真理或客观事实时。如：he said，“there are over 50,000 different characters in chinese.”he said_.当直接引语动词表示的状态或动作在引术时仍在继续时。如：“im fifteen,”the boy said.the boy_.当直接引语中的谓语动词含有无过去时形式的情态动词时。如：i said,“youd better ask him for help.” i said_.当直接引语陈述的是一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时。如：“i get up at six oclock every morning.”said he.he said_.时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时，变成间接引语后可以不变。如：“when i lived in america, i often saw tom,”said he. he said _.如果直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语时。如：“i was born in 1982，”said my friend. my friend said_.当直接引语中的谓语动词为过去完成时的时候。如： “i had lived in a small village before i came here，”said she. she said _.(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。thisthat这个那个 thesethose这些那些 nowthen现在那时 todaythat day今天那天 yesterdaythe day before 昨天前一天tomorrowthe next(following)day 明天第二天 here there 这里那里 ago beforecomego 来去 bring - takeb.疑问句疑问句改为间接引语后，不再是独立的疑问句，而是陈述句的宾语从句。所以原有疑问句的倒装语序必须改为陈述句的语序，句尾不用问号而用句号。(1)一般疑问句改为间接引语时，从句用if或whether引导。例：“are you ready?”he asked. he asked me_.(2)特殊疑问句改为间接引语时，从句仍用原句中的疑问词引导。例：“what did you say?”he asked. he asked me_.(3)选择疑问句改为间接引语时，从句通常用whether引导。例如：he said, “are they teachers or students?”he asked me _ _c.祈使句直接引语：主语+动词+祈使句 间接引语：主语+tell sb+(not to do sth / 主语+ask sb+(not) to do sth表示命令，用tell, order, command等;表示请求，用ask, beg , request等例: 1.the teacher said to the students, “dont waste your time.” the teacher told the students not to waste their time. 2.the mother said, “tom, get up early, please.” the mother asked tom to get up early.直接引语如果是以“lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”例: he said, lets go to the film. he suggested going to the film.he suggested that they should go to see the film.课堂自主检测 检测导练（10分钟）( )1.“please close the window,” he said to me.he _ me _ the window.a. said to; to close b. told to; closingc. asked ; to close d. said to; please close( )2. he said, “dont do that again.” he _ me _ that again. a. said to me; not to do b. said to me; dont do c. told me; dont do d. told me; not to do( )3.“dont put it on my hat.” his wife said to him. his wife told him _put it on _hat. a. dont, his b. dont, her c. not to, his d. not to, her( )4. rose asked tom, “did you see my purse?” rose asked tom _. a. whether that he had seen her purse b. whether he had seen her purse c. that whether he had seen her purse d. that if he has seen her purse( )5.he asked , “are you a party member or a league member?” he asked me _. a. am i a party member or a league member b. was i a party member or a league member c. if i was a party member or a league member d. whether was i a party member or a league member ( )6. “youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.she asked _. a. if i have already got well, hadnt you c. have i already got wellb. whether i had already got well d. had i already got well. period 41.the teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.2.he said to me that i would pass the exam the next day.3.i said to her what she was doing then. 4.betty asked me if / whether i had seen the teacher.5.he said how happy he was. 6.the doctor asked / ordered / advised me not to smoke.7.she asked me what i wanted. 8.he asked her whether she was fond of sports or reading.9.he asked me to sit down. 10.he said that he went there in 1998.he says that that work is too difficult.he said that there are over 50,000 different characters in chinese.the boy said that he is fifteen. i said that youd better ask him for help.he said that he gets up at six oclock every morning.he said that when he lived in america, he often saw tom.my fr