Module4Unit3Tomorrowsworld语法部分辅导.doc

牛津高一英语M4U3 Tomorrows world语法部分辅导Passive Voice英文动词有主动语态 Active Voice 和被动语态 Passive Voice 之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。例如： 1. John encouraged Mary.约翰鼓励玛莉。 2. Mary was encouraged by John.玛莉受到约翰鼓励。 第一句的动词 encouraged 是主动语态；第二句的动词 was encouraged是被动语态。动词被动语态的基本形态是： 助动词BE + 及物动词的过去分词(-ed分词)动词的被动语态通常有六种时、体形式：即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、过去进行体、现在完成体和过去完成体。1Simple Present Tense主动语态： I teach him.被动语态： He is taught by me.2 Simple Past Tense主动语态： I taught him yesterday.被动语态： He was taught by me yesterday.3Present Continuous Tense主动语态： I am teaching him.被动语态： He is being taught by me.4Past Continuous Tense主动语态： I was teaching him when you came. 被动语态： He was being taught by me when you came.5 Present Perfect Tense主动语态： I have taught him. 被动语态： He has been taught by me.6 Past Perfect Tense主动语态： I had taught him before you came.被动语态： He had been taught by me before you came.一般将来时 Simple Future Tense 也常常有这种被动语态形式主动语态： I shall teach him tomorrow. 被动语态： He will be taught by me tomorrow.动词由主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1.Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave.三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh him. He cant be laugh by us.He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.只要你掌握了以上一些方法，使用被动语态的一般因由1. 不易说出动作或状态的发出者例如：This building was completed in 1980.* 由谁建成，不易说出。2. 不便说出动作或状态的发出者例如： The meeting has been postponed till Friday.3. 动作或状态的承受者比发出者更需强调例如： A press conference was held last night.4. 为了修辞例如： The teacher loves the students and is loved by them. A book was given him by me.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：Modal verbs and the passive voice情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Students will learn how to use modal verbs in the passive voice to express ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc. They are also expected to learn to use modal verbs in the passive voice in the present and the past tenses.Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. Verbs often used in the passive voiceHere students will learn some of the verbs that are often used in the passive voice. And they should know that these verbs function as adjectives. The teacher may begin this part by asking students to complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given. The words in bold are the correct answers. For example,1. The children are getting about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)2. Dont you get of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired)3. Joan isnt very good at Physics, so everyone was when she passed the exam. (surprising; surprised)4. All of us were very last Saturday because our team lost the game.(disappointing; disappointed)5. It was snowing last night. So everything is with snow this morning.(covering; covered)6. M