名词性从句学案.doc

从句系列学案 名词性从句 高三英语备课组 2010-9-1高三英语从句学案 by Buttrflywu概念：从句主要有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句相当于一个名词的作用在句中做主语、表语和宾语。而定语从句则相当于一个形容词的作用在句中做定语，定语从句一般放在所修饰的名词后面。状语从句相当于一个副词的作用在句中做状语。引导词：名词性从句按从句的语气分三种。即：陈述语气用that引导；一般疑问语气，表示“能否，是否”用whether / if引导； 特殊疑问语气用特殊疑问词who, which,when 引导,表示“谁， 哪一个，什么时候。定语从句中按照被修饰的名词及其在从句中的作用来确定引导词。指人在从句中做主语、宾语用who, whom 或者that 来引导。指物在从句中做主、宾语用that 、which来引导。如果是直时间、地点、原因在句中做状语用when、where、why 等引导。状语从句按照从句的意思分别用when, where, how,because,if等引导，表示：当时候,在地方等.辨别: 找出下面句子中的从句部分并说明其在句中的作用:Who will go to the concert with me hasnt been decided.Anyone who is late for shool must stay behind after class.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.Whoever you are, you should obey trffic rules first.He spend what he could buying a car for his son.He spend all that he could buying a car for his son.This is the small village where he spent his childhood(1). The photo of mine was taken _stood the famous high tower. (2). Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _stands near the post office?A.that B. in which C. where D. there宾语从句句子在句中做叫做宾语从句. 引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即: 表示陈述语气用that , 表示一般疑问语气,含有”是否,能否”的意思whether 和if 引导表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词导宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词的宾语.例如：1.He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. 2. I wonder if/ whehther you could spare me a few minutes. 3. I dont know when the meeting will be held.3.The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done. 4. Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams.一.由that引导的宾语从句I dont know(that )Tom was late againI am afraid (that) it would rain soon注意点1:引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened._.2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. _3. We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job. _.注意点2: 否定转移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现 。我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。_.我想他不在意，是吗？_.二. 由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句他问我是否完成了我的家庭作业._.但以下情况下whether 和 if 不可互换1.I wonder whether it is true or not. _.2.It depends on whether the building can be completed on time_.3. Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 oclock. _.三.由特殊疑问词(wh)引导(要注意用陈述语气)我不知道你是怎样设法完成这样的工作的._. “你是怎样设法完成这个工作的”, 老师问道._.选择题：1.The manager came over and asked the customer how_. A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. how the quarrel has come about 2. My mother asked_with me. A. what wrong was B. what the matter was C. what was the matter D. what is wrong 四.what引导的宾语从句, what 常在宾语从句中指物做主语、表语和宾语1.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do . A. how B. after C. what D. when2. My hometown is different from _it used to be. A. that B. when C. what D. which3. a. I am interested in _is helpful to him.b. I am interested in all _is helpful to him.A. that B. what C. which D. where4. This reminded me of _he had once told us.A. what B. that C. which D. when五. who, whoever, whom whomever ; what , whatever; which, whichever 等引导的宾语从句1. It was a matter of_ would take the position2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.3_do you think he was shaking hands with?4. You can give it to _you trust. 5. You can give it to anyone_you trust .A. whoever B. who C. whomever D. whom6.Everyone was surprised at _ he said.7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. 8.- Can I sit in the front now? - Yes. You can take _ seat you like.9.I havent decided _ route I will take. A. whatever B. what C. whichever D. which六.表示命令、要求、建议的动词后跟宾语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用should + 动词原形，其中should 可省去。常见的动词有: demand, order, desire, request, insist, suggest, advise 等.The teacher ordered all the exercise books _before school is over.A. must be handed in B. would be handed inC. be handed in D. should hand in 七Exercises:1. You cant imagine_when they received these Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited2. He seems different from _ he used to be. A. that B. what C. which D. who3. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 4. The boy has not changed at all except _he is no longer so talktive. A. why B. that C. what D. if 5. He actually goes to work on his bike except _it rains. A. that B. when C. what D. whether 6. I know nothing about him except _you told me just now. A. that B. which C. what D. when7.The manager decided to give the job to _he believed had strong sense of duty. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those8. Thinking_ you know_ in fact you dont is a terrible mistake. A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that9.English and French are taught in our school. You may choose _ you like. A. what B. that C. whatever D. whichever10. We never know _ he is. They say he is a salesman. A. who B. what C. which D. whoever主语从句和表语从句一引导词。主语从句，表语从句的引导词也和宾语从句一样分三类，即表示陈述语气用that 引导，表示一般疑问语气，问“是否，能否”用whether引导，表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导。二主语从句的一般规律找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1、When will he come is not known.正：_.规律一、_.2、 He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正: _. 规律二、_. 3、If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正：_.规律三、_.4That the cartoon films interested nearly all the children were quite natural.正：_.规律四、_.5. Whoever does good deeds for the old he will be praised.正：_.6. Whatever he did it was right.正：_.规律五、_三It 做形式主语。主语从句做主语往往比较长，有时为了避免头重脚轻的毛病，常用it做形式主语，把主语从句放到句末去。如以上1-4句都可以改为it 做形式主语的句型。常用it做形式主语的句型有：It seems thatIt happens thatIt is possible/ probable/ likely thatIt occurred to me thatIt struck me thatIt is reported / said / believed / well-known thatIt is clear / obvious that在It is important/ strange/ necessary that; 及It is suggested / demanded that等结构中从句中的动词用should 加动词原形，should可省去。7. _. ( 我突然想到他不喜欢看电影)。8_. (事故发生的时候，我碰巧路过)9. 12. It is necessary that a college student_at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D. will master10. _(有人建议我们星期天去远足)。四表语从句中应该注意的几个问题1在be 动词及seem, look, 等系动词之后的从句叫表语从句。2引导表语从句的that 也不能省略。3My suggestion is that we _(remind) him of it once more. 在suggestion, order, advice 等表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的从句，从句中动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省去。4The reason why he was late was _he didnt catch the early bus. He was late. That was _he didnt catch the early bus. 表语从句中reason做主语，只能用that引导。五Some more exercises.1、See the flags on top of the building? That was_ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what2._you dont like him is none of my business. A.What B. Who C.That D.Whether3. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever 4._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C. whoever D.who6._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D. It7._men have learned much from the behavior of animals is barely new.A.That B.Those C.What D.Whether8. _she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showd interest in her lessons.A.What; why B.That; what C.What; because D.Why; that9.It is pretty well understood _controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how10._fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.What B. That C. This D. Which同位语从句一在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。二、引导词； 和宾语从句、主语从句一样，表示陈述语气用that, “是否，能否”用whether,特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导。 如：1. The general gave the order_ the soldiers should cross the river at once.2. Well discuss the problem _ the sports meeting will be held on time. 3. I have no idea_ he will be back. 4. I have no impression_ he went home, perhaps by bike. 三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，同位语从句的引导词不在从句中作任何成分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，定语从句的引导词在从句中必须担任一定的成分。例1Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. which D. as 2 It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A .what B. that C. which D. as 3She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth A. it B. which C. this D. that 4I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D. that 四巩固性练习：1A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthdayAif Bwhen Cthat Dwhich2 -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when3. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _he had to meet his uncle at the air port.A. why B thatC. where D. because4. 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 5. There is much chance_ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if2008 Key: ABACD CACCC BAD2009 Key: 1-5. ACCCD 6-11. DDCDBA 9 2010 Key: BCDBB CBABB BDCDA名词性从句热点考点揭秘更新时间：2010-10-29 10:30:59名词性从句在主句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，它表达功能强，适用连词多，语境色彩浓，其热点考查内容有：一、考查对主语从句的判断主语从句在主句中作主语， 适用连词有：what (的内容)，when (的时间)，where ( 的地点)，why ( 的原因)，who (谁，哪一个，主格)， whom (谁，哪一个，宾格)，which (哪一个)，how (如何，怎样)，whose (谁的)，whether (是否)，whatever (无论什么)，whichever (无论哪一个)，whoever (无论谁)，that (没有实际意义)。当主语从句较长时，可用it作形式主语，从句作真正主语。特别需要注意的是，what可引申为“的人 / 地方 / 时间/ 价格 / 速度 / 方式”。解主语从句试题时应分析语境逻辑，确定空档含义，若空档有具体含义，应根据其需要选择适当连词；若空档没有实际意义，应填无义连词that。例1 _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010北京)A. Whether B. What C. That D. How析：B。空档表示“的东西”，因此应填What引导主语从句。例2 It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change hismind. (2010陕西)A. which B. what C. that D. if析：C。you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind意义已经完整，因此该空应填that引导主语从句。例3 _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008浙江)A. Anyone B. The oneC. Whoever D. Who析：C。空档表示“任何的人， 无论谁”，所以应填Whoever引导主语从句。二、考查对宾语从句的判断宾语从句在主句中作宾语，适用连词与主语从句的适用连词相同(含义不变)。另外if(是否)也可引导宾语从句，但不可用作介词宾语。宾语从句解题方法与主语从句相似。例1 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国卷I)A. that B. which C. what D. where析：D。空档表示“的地方”，因此应填where引导宾语从句。例2 I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside. (2010北京)A. who B. where C. what D. how析：C。空档表示“的内容”，因此应填what引导宾语从句。例3 How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (2010四川)A. what B. who C. how D. why析：B。由whether his friends or relatives可以推出该空表示“谁”，指人，因此应填who引导宾语从句。例4 Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please? (2009全国卷I)A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever析：C。空档表示“无论谁”， 所以应用whoever引导宾语从句。例5 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. (2009北京)A. when B. how C. why D. if析：D。空档表示“是否”，所以应填if引导宾语从句。三、考查对表语从句的判断表语从句在主句中作表语，多数引导主语从句和宾语从句的连词都可以引导表语从句，且其意义保持不变。但表示“是否”时应用whether而不用if引导表语从句。表语从句的解题方法与主语、宾语从句相似。例1 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. (2010江苏)A. where B. how C. when D. what析：A。空档表示“的地方”，因此应填where引导表语从句。例2 Part of the reason Charles Dickens lo