Module4Unit3Tomorrowsworld(Reading)学案.doc

牛津高一英语M4U3 Tomorrows world学案Reading第一部分：重点讲解1. Not only is every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma felt by the viewer, but also the cold, the tiredness, the food, the smells, the sights and the sounds of the mountain can all be experienced. 观众不仅能够感觉到攀登喜玛朗雅山的每一步，还能感觉到寒冷，劳累，品尝到食物，闻到味道，感受到山上的风景以及自然界的声音。含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 句子要倒装。例如：Never before have we seen such a sight.Little did I think that he could be back alive.Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift.Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.常用否定词有： never, not, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not onlybut also, no soonerthan, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。2. Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced. (P42) 一到山顶，就会体会到一种幸福感和成就感。 upon/on +n./doing: as soon as sb. does sth. 一就On my arrival, I went to see my former teacher.=As soon as I arrived,On hearing the scream, all rushed out to see what was happening.=As soon as they heard the scream, all rushed out to see what was happening.Upon your arrival (= As soon as you arrive), please report to the reception desk.3. The sense of touch is passed on to the fingertips via thousands of sensors in the gloves. (P42): (1) hand or give sth to sb. else将某物交给某人pass sth. on to sb.Do not pass on the pain you suffer to those who care you. (2) die, pass away 去世 Im sorry to learn that your dear grandmother has passed on.(3) move on, not stop继续前进The police ordered the crowd to pass on(4) turn to (another topic)转移到另一个话题。Lets pass on to the next exercise.pass sth on (GIVE) phrasal verb: to give someone sth. that another person has given you:Could you pass it on to Laura when youve finished reading it?pass sth on (TELL) phrasal verb: to tell someone sth. that another person has told you:If he provided us with any information, no one passed it on to me.pass away/on phrasal verb: POLITE EXPRESSION FOR die (STOP LIVING):Shes terribly upset because her father passed away last week.pass sth down phrasal verb: to teach or give sth. to someone who will be alive after you have died:His is a family trade, passed down from generation to generation.My ancestor passed the song down from generation to generation. pass常用搭配及短语pass the exam 通过考试 pass the law通过法律pass down 把传给后世 pass through 穿过；经历pass away 死亡； （时间等）消逝，（不安等）消失，（习惯等）革除；度（时间） pass by 通过（的旁边）；忽视，避开 Whenever I talk about the topic, she always tries to pass it by. 每当我提到这个话题，她总是千方百计地回避它。pass off (时间)消逝；（怒气等）消失；（暴风雨等）消失Has your toothache passed off yet? 你牙还痛吗？5. To add to the virtual world of RealCine, (P42): add vi. & vt. to put sth. with sth. else to increase the number or amount or to improve the whole:If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.Beat the butter and sugar together and slowly add the eggs.Shes added a Picasso to her collection.If the tea is too strong, add some water (to it).Her colleagues laughter only added to (= increased) her embarrassment.The bad weather added to our difficulties.+ that She was sad, she said, but added (= said also) that she felt she had made the right decision.+ speech Oh, and thank you for all your help! he added as he was leaving.Its $45 - $50 if you add in (= include) the cost of postage.Dont forget to add on your travelling expenses/add your expenses on.add (sth) up phrasal verb: to calculate the total of two or more numbers:If you add those four figures up, it comes to over 500.She added the bill up.Im not very good at adding up!add up to sth (AMOUNT) phrasal verb: to become a particular amount:The various building programmes add up to several thousand new homes.We thought wed bought lots of food, but it didnt add up to much when wed spread it out on the table.The cost for the holiday added up to 3000 yuan.add up to sth (RESULT) phrasal verb: to have a particular result or effect:It all added up to a lot of hard work for all of us.Their proposals do not add up to any real help for the poor.What you said added up to that you wouldnt give help.你说的话意思就是你不愿意帮忙。6. smells are given out through small openings in the headsets. (P42) give out phrasal verb (1) send out 散发（光，热，气味等）The flowers in the garden give out pleasant smell. (2) be used up用光，耗尽 When my boy made the same mistake again, my patience gave out.(3) If a machine or part of your body gives out, it stops working; be tired out精疲力尽 After climbing up the mountain, I gave out.At the end of the race his legs gave out and he collapsed on the ground.(4) hand out分发 In order to go to school, the 7-year-old boy made money by givinging out leaflets in the street.give in (AGREE) phrasal verb: to finally agree to what someone wants, after refusing for a period of time: He nagged me so much for a new bike that eventually I gave in. The government cannot be seen to give in to terrorists demands.give in (ADMIT DEFEAT) phrasal verb: to accept that you have been defeated and agree to stop competing or fighting: Youll never guess the answer - do you give in? She wouldnt give in until she received a full apology.give up (sth) phrasal verb: to stop doing sth. before you have completed it, usually because it is too difficult: + ing form of verb Ive given up trying to help her.give sth up (NOT DO) phrasal verb: to stop doing a regular activity or job:+ ing form of verb Hes given up driving since his illness.Were going to give up our sports club membership after this year.If only I could give up sweets!give sth away (FREE) phrasal verb: to give sth. to someone without asking for payment:The shop is giving away a sample pack to every customer.Nobody wants this type of heater anymore - I cant even give it away!He is so kind as to give away a large amount of money to the poor.give sth away (SECRET) phrasal verb: to tell people sth. secret, often without intending to:The party was meant to be a surprise, but Sharon gave it away.I wont give the game (= the information or plan) away.Dont trust him. He is sure to give away your secret.give sb away phrasal verb: to show someones secret feelings:She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but her face when I said hed be there really gave her away!give sth off phrasal verb: to produce heat, light, a smell or a gas:That tiny radiator doesnt give off much heat.The wild flowers around the hill give off a nice smile.give常用短语：give away vt. 1.送掉，赠送；2. 泄露（秘密）；3. 丢掉或错失（良机）； give back vt. 1. 归还，恢复I remember having given back the money to you.2. 反射（光线、声音） give in vi. 1.屈服于，投降于（感情、压力、请求） give in to sb./sth. 向某人/某事屈服 2. vt. 提出give off vt. 放出（光、烟、气味等），散发give over vt. 交付，托付 He left giving the suspect over to the police to me.giveover to 把交给give up 1. vt. 戒除（习惯等），放弃（尝试，想法） give up+n./doing 2. vi.认输，投降，放弃give sb. up 放弃（病人等），对某人放弃希望 7. VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make their dreams come true (P43)make ones dreams come true: realize/live ones dream, turn ones dream into a realityTo make your dream come true, you should above of all have confidence. We believe what you have devoted yourself to is sure to come true.In my experience wishing and hoping are poor strategies for making dreams come true, yet thats how many people approach work, often surprised at their results. Dreams can come true, but there is a secret. Theyre realized through the magic of persistence, determination, commitment, passion, practice, focus and hard work.1. An argument has been put forward that (P43) put sth forward (CHANGE CLOCK) phrasal verb: to adjust a clock or watch to make it show a later time, especially an hour later:Most European countries put the clocks forward in the spring.The clock has stopped. Please put forward the hands of it.put sth/sb forward (SUGGEST) phrasal verb (US put sth/sb forth): to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider:The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration.I wasnt convinced by any of the arguments that he put forward.Many suggestions have been put forward, but a decision is unlikely until after next years general election.The peace plan put forward last August has been revived for the latest round of negotiations. Its reported that Nanjing has put forward the general plan for city-building.put sb forward (RECOMMEND) Id like to put one of my friend for the position.She has decided to put her name/put herself forward as a candidate.put sth away (STORAGE PLACE) phrasal verb: to put sth. in the place or container where it is usually kept:Put your toys away now.Remember to put away your tools after work!put sth aside (SAVE) phrasal verb: to save sth., usually time or money, for a special purpose:I put aside a little every month for a deposit on a house.He tries to put some time aside every evening to read to the kids.put sth aside (IGNORE) phrasal verb: If you put a disagreement or problem aside, you ignore it temporarily so that it does not prevent you doing what you want to do:Lets put our differences aside and make a fresh start.Can we put that question aside for now, and come back to it later?He put his work aside to have a cup of coffee.put sth off (DELAY) phrasal verb: to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a later time or date:The meeting has been put off for a week.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.+ ing form of verb I cant put off going to the dentist any longer.put sth up (RAISE) phrasal verb: to raise sth., or to fix sth. in a raised position:Why dont you put up your hood/umbrella (= raise it over your head)?I put my hand up to ask the teacher a question.I put my hair up (= fixed it into a position on the top of my head) for the wedding.put sth up (BUILD) phrasal verb: to build sth.:Theyre planning to put a hotel up where the museum used to be.Were going to put up a new fence around our garden.put sth up (FIX) phrasal verb: to fix an object to a vertical surface:Weve put up some new curtains in the living room.Posters advertising the concert have been put up all over the town.put up phrasal verb MAINLY UK: to stay somewhere for the night:We put up at a small hotel for the night.put up with sth/sb phrasal verb: to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, or someone who behaves unpleasantly:I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.Hes so moody - I dont know why she puts up with him.They have a lot to put up with (= They have a lot of difficulties).Such working conditions would never be put up with nowadays.put常用短语：put(set,lay) aside vt. 搁置一旁; 把（钱，时间等）留存起来，储蓄; 抑制（愤怒等），忽视（忠告等）put away vt. 收拾起来，放好; 储蓄=put asideput back vt. 放回; 拨回钟表的针 put down vt. 放下，使乘客下车; 记下，写下; 镇压put off vt. 推迟; 脱去，除去put on vt. 穿上; 增加（速度，体重等）; 上演put out vt. 伸出; 扑灭; 生产put together vt. 组合，拼凑 put up vt. 举起; 建造，挂起; 提高（价钱） put up with vt. 容忍 put an end/a stop to 制止，使停止put.to bed 使上床睡觉put.to death 处以死刑，杀死The teacher asked us to put things back after we finished the experiment.Before he left, he asked for my address and put it down.I dont want to put on more flesh.我不想再胖了。All trees put out green leaves in spring.所有的树在春天都长出绿叶。9. In reality, my grandfather can no longer walk, (P43)reality n. 1 S or U the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be:The reality of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon, the youth centre will have to close.He escaped from reality by going to the cinema every afternoon.He seemed very young, but he was in reality (= in fact) older than all of us.She gives the impression of being generous, but in reality she is a very selfish woman.He was in reality penniless.他实际上身无分文。He was not angry, in reality, he was satisfied.2 C a fact:The book confronts the harsh social and political realities of the world today.Her childhood ambition became a reality (= happened in fact) when she was made a judge.objective reality 客观实在 confront reality 正视现实change reality 变革现实 Virtual reality 虚拟现实sugar up reality 粉饰现实 to escape from reality 逃避现实negate reality; 否认现实； translate an ideal into reality 把理想变为现实describe a scene with reality 逼真地描写情景 translate ideas into reality. 将思想变成行动free in reality as well as in name 名副其实的自由10. Besides films, VR might also have some other uses. 除了电影之外，虚拟现实也许还有一些其它用途。besides adv. & prep. in addition to; also除之外还（包括在内的除外）, 如同plus(+)They all went there besides Tom. 除汤姆去了以外，他们也都去了。Besides half a bottle of whisky, he drank three gins and some beer.Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?She wont mind your being late - besides, its hardly your fault.I dont like the color of the dress. Besides, its too expensive.except prep. & conj. not including; but not除之外（不包括在内的除外）, 如同minus(-)c.f.: except, except forexcept：表示除外时，注重客观描述except for：表示除外时，除外部分往往是不同范畴，强调主观情感，常译为：要是就好了；只是； 就只They all went there except Tom. 他们都去了，只有汤姆没去。I like all drinks except whisky. (I dont like whisky.)All the essays are well written except Johns.The museum is open daily except Monday(s).The government has few options except to keep interest rates high.In this world, nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. Its cool and quiet everywhere except in the kitchen. The essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. Everyone was there except for Sally. There is nothing to indicate the buildings past, except (for) the fireplace.He is a good man except for hot temper.They look very similar except that one is a little taller.Tundra cant hold still, except when she is interested in the camera.These attacks happen less and less frequently except that she just had one yesterday after not having one for about 3 months. She knows that she should not eat foods that are very fat or fried foods.exception n. C or U someone or sth. that is not included in a rule, group or list or that does not behave in the expected way:Men are usually quite good at map-reading but Tim is the exception.There are exceptions to every rule.I like all kinds of films with the exception of (= but not) horror films.Her books are always entertaining and this one is no exception.You must report here every Tuesday without exception.but (EXCEPT) prep. & conj. except:Eventually, all but one of them promised to come to his leaving party.Hes anything but violent (= not violent in any way).Id have crashed the car but for your warning.This is the last episode but one (= one before the last) of this drama serial.Shes one of those guests who does nothing but complain.This car has been nothing but trouble - its always breaking down!11. For example, firefighters could be trained using RealCine without the risk of sending them into a burning building. (P43)risk n. 1 C or U the possibility of sth. bad happening, possibility or chance of meeting danger, suffering, loss, injury, etc: 冒险，风险If you listen to me, there will not be much risk of losing money.如果你听我的，就不会有什么损失钱的风险。In this business, the risks and the rewards are high.Theres a high risk of another accident happening in this fog.+ (that) The risk (that) we might fail made us work twice as hard.+ ing form of verb Its always a risk starting up a new business.The company is quite a good risk (= safe to lend money to).We want clean rivers and lakes, where you can swim without risk to your health.Its a low/high-risk strategy (= one that is safe/not safe).2. C sth. bad that might happen:a health risk 健康隐患This wire is a safety/fire risk.His employers thought he was a security risk (= he might tell their secrets to a competitor).risk vt. 1 to do sth. although there is a chance of a bad result:Its dangerous to cross here. Ill just have to risk it.+ ing form of verb He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt.2 If you risk sth. important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it:Im not risking my life in that old car.He risked life and limb to get the cat down from the tree.She was prepared to risk everything on a last throw of the dice. high-risk adj. before noun involving a greater than usual amount of risk:Only people who can afford to lose their money should make high-risk investments.at risk: in a dangerous situation:All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.at the risk of doing sth: used before you say sth. that may seem offensive or stupid:At the risk of seeming rude, Im afraid I have to leave now.At the risk of sounding stupid, how do I send this email?run/take a risk: to do sth. you know might be dangerous冒险Dont take any risks - just ring the police.at any risk =at all risks 无论冒什么危险，无论如何 He always does what he wants to do at any risk. at/run/take the risk of 冒着的危险 He saved the little girl at the risk of his life.To get the medicine, he climbed up the mountain at the risk of falling down.第二部分：练习1. Not until the early years of the 19th century _what heat is. A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know2. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had was