高中教育（完成）-en.doc

中国高中教育市场机会研究报告Research Report on Chinese Senior Secondary Education1) Government policy to Chinese Senior Secondary Education当前，中国尚无对普通高中教育的专门立法，政府对于高中教育的政策指导性文件主要是1999年发布的教育部关于积极推进高中阶段教育事业发展的若干意见。该文件对中国开展高中教育，提出如下指导意见：（1）各地教育行政部门要在确保实现“两基”目标和巩固提高的基础上，重视发展高中阶段教育事业，积极发展包括普通教育和职业教育在内的高中阶段教育，为初中毕业生提供多种形式的学习机会。（2）城市和经济发达的地区要有步骤地普及高中阶段教育，满足初中毕业生接受高中阶段教育的需求。已经基本普及高中阶段教育的地方，要优化教育结构和教育资源配置，进一步提高教育质量和办学效益。At present, there is no specialized legalization on the general senior high school education in China, the mainly released instruction document of government in 1999 subjecting to senior high school education is Ministry of Education concerning some opinions of development on active propulsion of senior high school stage education. The document pointed out the following opinions on the development of China senior high school education: (1)Everyplace education administration department on the base of ensuring realize the object of “ two basics” and consolidating and improvement of this object, attach importance to the development of senior secondary school education, actively develop senior secondary stage education including general and vocational secondary education, and provide junior high school graduates various types of study chances. (2)Urban and economic advanced areas should popularize senior secondary education step by step, satisfying the demand of junior high school graduates to accept the senior high school education. The place where has already popularized senior secondary education, should optimize educational structure and educational resources allocation, as well as further improve educational quality and efficiency of running schools. （3）高中阶段教育的发展要充分利用现有教育资源。已经“普九”的地方，可以通过学校布局调整、高初中分离、重点学校与薄弱学校联合办学、灵活多样的授课制等形式，挖掘潜力，扩大现有公办普通高中的招生规模。（4）各地实行鼓励民间办学的优惠政策，包括无偿提供办学用地，免收配套费用，充分利用现有设施和房屋等，为民间兴办高中阶段的学校创造条件，并加强管理、指导和监督。（5）鼓励办学条件较好、教育质量较高的公办普通高中在保证本校规模和教育质量的前提下，采取多种方式与其它学校、社会力量联合举办民办普通高中。 (3)The development of senior secondary stage education has to make fully use of the existing educational resources. The place having already “popularized nine-year compulsory education can though adjustment of school overall arrangements and separation of junior and senior high school and cooperate-programme between key school and common school, diversiform schoolteaching system and excavation of potential, and expanding existing recruitment scale of state-owned general senior high school.(4)Everyplace implements favorable policies encouraging establish private-owned schools, including provide place for running school with free charge, as well as free expenditures of relevant equipments, make the best of current equipment and housing, created the conditions for initiating private-owned senior high school, and strengthen administration, instruction and supervision.(5) Incent state-owned senior high school with better conditions and higher educational quality, adopt multiple forms to establish private-owned general senior secondary schools uniting with other schools and social supports, but on the precondition of ensuing school itself scope and educational quality.（6）高中阶段教育属于非义务教育。各学校在充分考虑当地群众承受能力的基础上，经物价部门批准，区别不同地区和不同类型学校，适当调整学费标准，提高高中阶段学费在培养成本中的比例。（7）进一步完善助学金制度，扩大对困难家庭子女的助学金、特困学生补助的规模。积极鼓励单位和个人捐资助学。（8）学校可以根据教学需要返聘退休教师或以合同制的形式从社会招聘教师。积极鼓励非师范类高等学校毕业生到高中阶段各类学校从教，避免将义务教育阶段教师拔高使用。（9）各地教育主管部门实施对高中收费的管理和监督，保证收费用于发展教育事业。 (6)The stage of the senior high school is the part of non- compulsory education. Each school is on the base of sufficient considering local crowd consumption capabilities, through the authorization of price department, distinguish the different areas and different types of schools, properly adjust tuition fees standard, and raise the proportion of senior secondary education stage tuition fees among the whole educational cost. (7) Further perfect scholarship system; expand the scholarship scope of the difficult household child and especially poverty students. Actively encourage units and individuals donate to support studying. (8)School can re-hire retired teachers and recruit teachers from society with the form of contact system according to teaching requirements. Vigorously incent the graduates of no-normal higher educational school engage teaching in senior high school.(9) Everyplace educational department implement supervision on the charge collected by senior high school, to ensure the charges are used for the development of educational undertaking.2) Development status of Chinese Senior Secondary Education高中教育是义务教育和高等教育的衔接点，在我国整个教育事业中占有重要的地位。改革开放以来，特别是近4年来，我国高中教育规模迅速扩大，教育资源配置日益优化，教育质量稳步提高，教师地位和待遇明显提高。2003年，全国普通高中1.58万所，比2002年增加0.04万所；招生752.13万人，比上年增加75.43万人，增长11.15%； 在校生1964.83万人，比上年增加281.02万人，增长16.69%；毕业生458.12万人，比上年增加74.36万人，增长19.38%。普通高中专任教师107.06万人，比上年增加12.46万人。生师比18.35:1，比上年的17.80:1有所提高。专任教师学历合格率75.71%，比上年增长2.84个百分点；普通高中体育运动场(馆)面积达标率为73.48%；体育器材配备达标率74.07%，音乐器材配备达标率65.87%，美术器材配备达标率65.63%；理科实验器材达标率78.73%；建立校园网的学校占普通高中学校总数的比例为44.76%. Senior high school education is the end-to-end dot of the compulsory education and higher education, it is essential in the whole national education undertaking. Since reform and opening-up, , especially, in recent 4 years, the education scope of national senior high school has been speedily widen, educational resource allocation has been increasingly optimized, education quality has been steadily improving, the status and conditions of teachers has been enhanced obviously. In 2003, there are about 15,800 national general senior high schools, the number increased 400 than in 2002; recruit students are about 7,521,300, it raised 754,300 people comparing the past year, increased 11.15%; School students is about 19,648,300, it raised 2,810,200 people than the past year, increased 16.69%; graduates are about 4,581,200, 743,600 students more comparing the past year, increased 19.38%. Full-time teachers of general senior high school are about 1,070,600, 124,600 teachers more the past year. The ratio of students and teachers is 18.35:1, comparing the past year of 17.80:1. The pass rate of academic qualification of full-time teacher is 75.71%, increased 2.84 percentage than the past year; Pass rate of the area of athletics exercise yard (building) in general senior high school is 73.48%; pass rate of athletics equipment is 74.07%, the pass rate of music equipment is 65.87%, pass rate of art equipment is 65.63%; pass rate of the school of science experimental equipment is 78.73%; School having campus networking account for general senior high school amount is 44.76%.随着我国经济社会的全面发展和教育改革发展的逐步推进，普通高中教育也出现了不少亟待解决的问题。一是布局不合理，发展不协调。目前中国的多数普通高中是高、初中合设，独立设置的仅占高完中学校的16.3%，而且规模偏小。普通高中与职业高中、中专的发展也不协调。二是资金投入不足，投资渠道单一。国家财政多年来很少有高中建设专项资金，各省、市财政用于高中建设资金数额也十分有限，依赖国家资金办学的意识仍然普遍存在。三是教师素质有待提高。一方面，目前中国的许多地区均有未按严格程序从初中选拔教师到本校高中任教的情况，另一方面，国家对于高中教师聘用的标准无明确具体的规定，因此各学校自主选择高中教师的标准也参差不齐，从而导致高中教师的整体素质也不尽相同。这些问题的解决有待国家在高中教育的立法、宏观管理方面作进一步的改革和调整，同时也依赖于民办普通高中教育在市场竞争中发挥积极作用，从而带动公立普通高中教育水平的不断提高。Along with entire development of national economy and society and gradually implementation of educational reform, some urgent problems of the general senior high school appear. Fist of all, overall arrangement is irrational, and development is not harmonized .Currently most senior high schools has set up both junior and senior high schools, sole setup schools only account for about 16.3% among all high schools, and scope is relatively small. The development of senior high school, vocational senior high school and technical secondary school are also out of line. Secondly, capital invests scarcity, the investment channel is singular. National finance has lacked particular capital for construction of senior secondary school for a few years, the capital amount used for senior secondary school is very limited in each province or city, the consciousness that depends on the national capital is still ubiquity. Third, the qualities of teachers need to be improved. On the one hand, at present, in many places the situation exists that a great deal of schools does not select teachers from junior to senior high school basing on strict procedure. On the other hand, government has no clear and concrete regulations about teachers employment, hence, standards of selecting teachers in each school vary. As a result, the whole quality of teachers in senior high school is very different. The settlement of these problems needs government further reform and adjust on legislation and micro-management of senior high school education, also it depends on positive effect of private-owned senior high school exerting in market competition, accordingly, it will bring along the continual improvements of educational quality in public general senior high schools.3) Development trend of Chinese Senior Secondary Education从中国普通高中教育未来的发展趋势来看，体现出四个主要特征：Regarding the future development trend of China general senior high school, four main characters will present:第一、中国开展普通高中教育的学校数量近年来一直逐年递减。2000年中国开展普通高中教育的学校为14564所，到2002年迅速上升至15406所，到2004年则上升为16218所，平均以每年超过400所的速度递增，其中增加的部分主要以民办普通高中为主，预计2005年以后的3-5年，普通高中教育的学校数量会继续增加，递增速度可能会继续加快。First, the number of general senior high school in recent years has been gradually decreased yearly. The number of general senior high school is 14564 in 2000, the number raised to 15406 swiftly in 2002, and then up to 16218 in 2004. The number increased with the speed of averagely more than 400 schools each year; among them, increased part mainly accounted by privately owned. It could predict that the number of general senior high school during 3-5 years in 2005 will keep on raise, and the increasing speed may go on quicken.第二、普通高中教育的招生人数也逐年上升。2000年中国普通高中教育的招生人数为472.69万人，2002年迅速上升为676.7万的招生规模，到2004年，普通高中教育的招生人数首次突破900万，短短四年时间，招生人数增长了一倍以上，平均以每年超过100万的速度递增，预计2005年以后的3-5年，普通高中教育的招生人数会以每年50-100万人的速度继续递增，到2010年以后可能保持大致稳定。Second, the recruitment number of general senior high school will also go up yearly. The recruitment number of Chinese general senior high school is 4,726,900 in 2000, it increased to 6,767,000 quickly in 2002, in 2004, this number the first time breach 9,000,000, in only four years, recruits number is more than doubled. The number increase with the speed of over 1,000,000 averagely per year. It anticipates that the recruit number will rise at the speed of 500,000 -1,000,000 student each year during 3-5years after 2005, but it may keep relatively steady after 2010. 第三、中国普通高中教育的毕业生数量逐年递增。2000年中国普通高中教育毕业学生数为301.51万人，到2002年上升至383.76万人，到2004年则上升为537.44万人，平均以每年近60万人的速度增加，预计2005年以后的3-5年，普通高中教育的毕业生数量会继续递增，递增速度会与近年来的招生速度保持大致一致。Third, he graduates quantity of Chinese general senior high school is increasing year after year. The graduates number of senior high school in 2000 is 3,015,100, it increased to 3,837,600 in 2002, then upped to 5374400 in 2004, averagely near 60,000 people add every year. It is anticipating that the graduates number of senior high school will go on increasing in 3-5 years after 2005, and the speed will approximately in accordance with the number of recruits in recent years.第四、中国普通高中教育的专职教师数量保持逐年递增。2000年中国普通高中教育的专职教师人数为75.69万人，2002年上升为94.60万，到2004年，普通高中教育的专职教师人数达到121.85万，过去四年中，专职教师人数增长了近50万人，平均以每年12万的速度递增，预计2005年以后的3-5年，普通高中教育的招生人数同样也会以每年10万人的速度继续递增，与普通高中教育的招生人数、学校数量的增长趋势保持一致，到2010年以后可能保持基本稳定。Fourth, the number of full-time teachers in Chinese general senior high school is growing annually. The full-time teachers of the Chinese general senior high school in 2000 was about 756,900 people, upped to 946,000 in 2002, the full-time teachers reach 1,218,500 people by 2004. In the past four years, the full-time teachers increased to be close to 500,000 people, rising regularly with the speed of 120,000 people per year. It anticipates that the full-time teachers number of general senior high school will increase with 100,000 people each year constantly during 3-5years after 2005, which is in accordance with the increasing of recruit number and school number of general senior high school, and this number will keep relatively steady after 2010.总体而言，中国普通高中教育市场未来的发展呈现总体规模迅速扩张的趋势。这一方面是由于中国普通高中教育正由单一系统向多元系统转变，仅靠正规的普通高中教育系统，已不能满足社会对高中教育的广泛需求。传统的普通高中教育及其观念已经发生了根本性的变化，现代的“大教育”体系和“大教育”观念已开始并将在未来的世纪居于主导地位。另一方面，普通高中教育私有化(PrivtiztionofHigherEducation)的国际性浪潮也给我国普通高中教育事业的发展带来深刻的影响和变化。这些都直接拉动着普通高中教育市场的快速发展与扩张。从市场机会的角度来看，首先，中国的普通高中教育本身具有“非强制性”的特征，学龄群体与成人均自主选择是否接受高中教育的权利，不同区域、不同学校通过“市场”手段扩大学生规模的自由度很大，市场规模的大小不仅取决于中国需要接受高中教育的学生群体的人口基数的不断拓展, 也取决于不同普通高中教育机构在品牌塑造、市场营销方面的努力程度。其次，中国加入世贸组织的相关协议已经承诺对普通高中教育市场的开放，这意味着国外教育机构未来进入中国普通高中教育市场的空间将得到进一步提高。第三，普通高中教育受“政府高度干预”的现象在逐步削弱，市场竞争的充分性也在不断提高，国外教育机构通过各种方式进入普通高中教育市场或现有学校在招生工作上通过不同市场营销策略来提高市场占有率的空间将是十分广阔的。In general, the education market of Chinese general senior high school in future development appears the trend of overall scope rapid outstretching. On one hand, it is because of Chinese general senior high school education is being transformed from the single system toward diverse system. The education system only depending on the general senior high school education cannot satisfy the society abroad demand for senior high school education. The concepts of traditional senior high school education have already changed fundamentally, the modern extensive education system and concepts are have already commenced and will be the leading role in future century. the other hand, the international tide of privatization of senior high school Education also brings profound impact and changes on national senior high school education. All these directly spur the rapid development and expansion of general educational market. From the point of view of market opportunity, first of all, Chinese senior high school education has the character of optional nature, the school age and adults both has the rights to select whether accept senior high school education by self-determination. The variance of different regions and different schools de