江苏省扬州市高考英语 阅读理解精品训练（5）.doc

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（5）及答案解析c82012福建卷 do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. this explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. but the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. a group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“the hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. however, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动)indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. and the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.67mirror neurons can explain _.awhy we cry when we are hurtbwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldcwhy we smile when we see someone else smiledwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68the underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”aset off bcut offcbuilt up dbroken up69we can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _.arelate to human behavior and interactionbcontrol human physical actions and feelingscresult in bad behavior and social disordersddetermine our knowledge and language abilities70what is the passage mainly about?aways to find mirror neurons.bproblems of mirror neurons.cexistence of mirror neurons.dfunctions of mirror neurons.【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.c推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68. a词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off：出发；触发。69. a细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70. d主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。 a(2011南京二模，a)french tourist outsmarts dutch thiefamsterdama quickthinking french tourist outsmarted a dutch thief after the thief tried to seize his bag, amsterdam police said wednesday.after winning a brief tugofwar over the sports bag, the 27yearold tourist ran into a nearby police station with the thief in hot pursuit.the thief“realized too late he had run straight into the_long_arm_of_the_law”，police spokeswoman wilma verheij said of the incident，which took place tuesday.after it dawned on the thief, a 28yearold man whose identity was not released, said that he was in the middle of a police station, so he tried to run away again. but he was quickly caught by officers and arrested，verheij said.liz taylor remains hospitalizedlos angelesheart trouble is keeping elizabeth taylor hospitalized in los angeles for some time, but her publicist says the 78yearold actress is ok and has been visiting with family and friends.taylors spokeswoman sally morrison said in a statement tuesday that the twotime oscar winner is comfortable at cedarssinai medical center and“there has been steady improvement in her condition” since she was admitted last week.taylor is being treated for symptoms of heart failure, a condition she revealed in november 2004.“her medical team is satisfied by her progress to date, and it is hoped and expected that this will continue over the next few days. for now, she will remain under their care in the hospital for continued monitoring，” morrison said. “friends and fans around the world should be convinced that elizabeth taylor is in good health and receiving the best possible care from her skilled and devoted doctors and nurses.”morrison described taylors condition as stable but offered no other details. japan halts(暂停) whale hunt after chase by protesterstokyojapan has halted its annual antarctic whale hunt following protests from a campaign group. activists from the sea shepherd conservation society，a usbased environmental group, have been chasing the japanese fishing ship.commercial whaling was banned in 1986 but japan uses a regulation permitting hunting for scientific research.iceland and norway have claimed official objections to the ban and continue to hunt commercially.“putting safety as a priority, the ship has halted scientific whaling for now. we are currently considering what to do，” tatsuya nakaoku, an official at the fisheries agency, told reuters news agency.the sea shepherd conservation society says one of its boats has been blocking the ship loading ramp(斜梯) ，preventing any hunted whales from being loaded on to the ship. “every whale saved is a victory to us, so weve gotten a lot of victories down here this year，” sea shepherd captain paul watson told reuters news agency by satellite phone from the steve irwin ship.本文为三则新闻。1the underlined part“the long arm of the law”refers to _ in amsterdam.a. a travel agency b. a policemanc. a police station d. a police spokeswoman答案：c。词义猜测题。从画线短语的上段段尾的police station可推测出答案为c。2what can we know about elizabeth taylor from the news?a. she has been suffering from heart illness for some years.b. she will go back home in a day or two.c. she is feeling quite well in hospital.d. she will receive her oscar award in the hospital.答案：a。事实细节题。从第二则新闻的第3段可知，自2004年11月以来taylor就患了心脏病，故a项正确。从倒数第2段中的“it is hoped and expected that this will continue over the next few days”，可知b项错误；文中自始至终没有提到taylor自己的感受，故c项错误；由第2段内容可知taylor是两度奥斯卡奖得主，而不是将在医院接受颁奖，故d项错误。3which of the following is not true?a. japanese fishing ships go to the antarctic for whale hunt every year.b. iceland and norway will not stop hunting whales.c. commercial whale hunt has been banned for about twentyfive years.d. japan will not hunt whales any more.答案：d。事实细节题。文中只是说日本的捕鲸船被暂时阻止，而没有信息表明日本将不再捕鲸，故d项符合题意要求，为正确答案。从该新闻的第2段可知自1986年以商业为目的的捕鲸禁令颁布以来，日本依然以科研为借口继续捕鲸，故a项是正确的；从第3段可知b项正确；从第2段捕鲸禁令发布的时间是1986年可推知c项正确。综上所述，a、b、c不符合题干中的not true的要求。c62013重庆卷 calmost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.we do know，however，that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient asia.the oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in slovenia.it is over 5，100 years old.evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though.this could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.but it could also be because of a difficult situation.while wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.eventually，road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.there had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.in the mid1700s，a frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer (层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.a scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.at around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846. alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)as wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.64what might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?afew knew how to use transport wheels.bhumans carried farming tools just as well.canimals were a good means of transport.dthe existence of transport wheels was not known.65what do we know about road design from the passage?ait was easier than wheel design.bit improved after big changes in vehicle design.cit was promoted by fastmoving vehicles.dit provided conditions for wheel design to develop.66how is the last paragraph mainly developed?aby giving examples.bby making comparisons.cby following time order.dby making classifications.67what is the passage mainly about?athe beginning of road design.bthe development of transport wheels.cthe history of public transport.dthe invention of fastmoving vehicles.【要点综述】 本文介绍轮子的演进历史。64c细节理解题。第二段最后一句说明wheels长期未能流行的缘由：动物长期以来充当交通工具。65d推理判断题。短文最后一段说明路况的改良促进了车轮业的巨大发展。66c篇章结构题。该段看似举例，但这些例子均是按时间由远及近而叙述的。67b主旨大意题。该文主要介绍wheels由一般的发明物到广泛运用于交通的历史演进过程。c62013重庆卷 dnot all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the atlantic ocean, an sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.the atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the mediterranean as the inland sea of western civilization.unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.it is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“storm at sea”， a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the atlantic.when the wind is from the westall the waves that cannot rest to the east must thunder on where the bright tree of the sunis rooted in the oceans breast.as the poem suggests, the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling, crashing，and whistling.it is easy to imagine the atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.it mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.it is filled with symbiotic existences，too; unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its dep