江苏省扬州市高考英语 阅读理解精品训练（17）.doc

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（17）及答案解析 c42012北京卷 the basics of mathmade clearbasic math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. these 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for algebra(代数)and beyond.the lessons in basic math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. they also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. in addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.basic math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. the lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. they also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.by the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. they will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. in addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.professor h. siegel, honored by kentucky educational television as “the best math teacher in america”， is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. from the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learnerfriendlier and less scary.with a phd in mathematics education from georgia state university, dr. siegel teaches mathematics at central arizona college. his courses include various makeup classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.if the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. or you can get your money back.56what does the course basic math mainly cover?aalgebra.bcollege mathematics.carithmetic.dmathematics education.57what benefits can students expect from basic math?astronger imaginative ability.badditional presentation skills.cmore mathematical confidence.dgreater chances of becoming teachers.58what can we learn about professor hsiegel?ahe is a guest lecturer at kentucky educational television.bhe is to deliver 30 lectures in basic math.che works in georgia state university.dhe specializes in training teachers.59where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?aa news report.ba book review.ca lesson plan.dan advertisement.【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲人等方面做了详细说明，是一则招生广告。56. c细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“the lessons in basic math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知此题答案为c。57. c细节理解题。本题考查课程的功能作用。第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能作用。只有c项为本段中讲述的。其他项均未涉及。58. b推理判断题。本题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。文中只说明他是被kentucky educational television评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲师；文中也谈到他在georgia state university取得博士学位，而他是在central arizona college教数学。他的课是为future primary school teachers做准备，而不是直接培训教师。本文只谈到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。结合第一段数学课程是由30个讲座构成，所以选b。59. d推理判断题。根据最后一段 “if the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. or you can get your money back.”可知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。所以选d。 c42012上海卷 the valuepacked, allinclusive sightseeing package that combines the best of sydneys harbour, city, bay and beach highlights.a sydneypass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the explorer buses: the red sydney explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the blue bondi explorer visits sydney harbour bays and famous beaches. take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船). you can also travel free on regular sydney buses, sydney ferries or cityrail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.imagine browsing at darling harbour, sampling the famous seafood at watsons bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. the possibilities and plans are endless with a sydneypass. wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.sydneypasses are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. with a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. all sydneypasses include a free airport express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (有效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.sydneypass faresadultchild*family*3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350*a child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. children under 4 years travel free.*a family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69. a sydneypass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _. a. the explorer buses b. the harbour cruises c. regular sydney buses d. cityrail services70. with a sydneypass, a traveller can _. a. save fares from and to the airport b. take the sydney explorer to beachesc. enjoy the famous seafood for free d. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. if 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? a. $225.b. $300. c. $360. d. $420.【要点综述】本文介绍了sydneypass提供3,5,7天不等的到悉尼的海港城市、海湾和海滩等地旅游的路线、费用情况。69. d细节理解题。根据第一段中cityrail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.可判断。70. a细节理解题。根据第三段中all sydneypasses include a free airport express inward trip可知应该选a。71. c推理判断题。由children under 4 years travel free可知三岁的孩子免费，所以两个成年人是240元，加上两个小孩120元，共360元。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。c8 2013湖北卷 ea german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.68pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth69how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.70what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67b 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故b正确。68c 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故c正确。69a 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故a正确。70d 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故d正确。c82013江苏卷 cif a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.the consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.if the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.and so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.that these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.if bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.this kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.bruce rothschild of the university of kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.what he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.to this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the triassic period and from the later jurassic and cretaceous periods.when he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.more than 15% of jurassic and cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.if ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.but that is not what dr rothschild thinks happened.he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.one of the features of jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark and crocodilefree.in the triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.in the jurassic and cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?aa twisted body.ba gradual decrease in blood supply.ca sudden release of nitrogen in blood.da drop in blood pressure.62the purpose of rothschilds study is to s