江苏省扬州市高考英语 阅读理解精品训练（6）.doc

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（6）及答案解析 (2011南京二模，b)“choo，choo！”here comes the chunnel train. get aboard if you want to learn more about this underground transportation system. this is an unusual form of transportation, because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.the chunnel is actually the english nickname for the channel tunnel. in french，it is called le tunnel sous la manche. it is a rail tunnel beneath the english channel at the straits of dover. it connects cheriton in kent, england with sangatte in northern france. it is the second longest rail tunnel in the world.did you know that the british and the french had a race while they were building the chunnel? the race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first. the british won by a little bit. it took 15,000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel. the tunnel was finished in 1994.the completed chunnel cost about $21 billion. but it all paid off, because it became very popular, very quick. millions of people use it. now it is getting even more popular.there are three complete tunnels in the chunnel. the two outside ones are the passenger trains. the small inner one is a guidance train. the guidance train is not used for transportation. each track is exactly parallel to each other.there are four different train systems in the chunnel. the eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects london, paris, brussels and lille. the eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service. these shuttles carry cars and vans. these are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off. there are also two eurotunnel goods service trains.now you know more about the chunnel. everybody off，this is the last stop.本文介绍了1994年竣工的横贯多佛海峡连接英法的海底隧道地铁的修建、内在结构及其服务系统。4the channel tunnel links _with_.a. london; paris b. cheriton; sangattec. lille; brussels d. dover; kent答案：b。事实细节题。由第2段倒数第2句“it connects cheriton in kent，england with sangatte in northern france.”可知b项正确。5which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the chunnel?答案：a。事实细节题。由倒数第3段可知a项正确。6the eurotunnel shuttle is intended to carry_.a. passengers b. drivers and their vehiclesc. goods d. staff members of the chunnel答案：b。事实细节题。由倒数第2段中的“the eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service.their vehicles on and off”可知b项正确。7the text can most probably be _.a. found in a guidebookb. read in a magazinec. broadcast on a train d. heard in a railwav station 答案：c。推理判断题。文章首尾，尤其是尾段，说明了这是乘坐火车的场景，也暗示了答案。(2010杭州质检二，c)any discussion of english conversation, like any english conversation, must begin with the weather. and in this spirit of observing traditional rule, i shall quote dr johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of the weather”， and point out that this observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago.this, however, is the point at which most people either stop, or try, and fail, to come up with a convincing explanation for the english “addiction” to the weather. they fail because their premise(前提) is mistaken: they assume that our conversations about the weather are conversations about the weather. in other words，they assume that we talk about the weather because we have a keen interest in the subject. most of them then try to figure out what it is about the english weather that is so fascinating.bill bryson，for example, concludes that the english weather is not at all fascinating, and that our“addiction” to it is therefore very difficult to explain: “to an outsider，the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it. all those phenomena that elsewhere give nature an edge of excitement, unpredictability and dangertornados, monsoons, hailstormsare almost wholly unknown in the british isles.”jeremy paxman takes offence at brysons comments and argues that the english weather is truly fascinating：bryson misses the point. the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty. one of the few things you can say about england with absolute certainty is that it has a lot of weather. it may not include tropical cyclones but life at the edge of an ocean and the edge of a continent means you can never be entirely sure what youre going to get.my research has convinced me that both bryson and paxman are missing the point, which is that our conversations about the weather are not really about the weather at all：english weatherspeak is a form of code, developed to help us overcome our natural reserve (含蓄) and actually talk to each other. everyone knows, for example, that “nice day, isnt it？”， “oh, isnt it cold？”； and other variations on the theme are not requests for weather data: they are greetings or conversationstarters. in other words, english weatherspeak is a form of “cleaning talk”the human equivalent of what is known as “social cleaning” among our primate(灵长类的)cousins, where they spend hours cleaning each others fur, even when they are perfectly clean, as a means of social connection.英国人谈话为什么以谈天气开始，本文作者在对比了两个具有代表性的说法之后提出了自己的见解作为一种社会联系的手段。8according to the author，most peoples explanations for the english love for weather talk are _.a. scientific b. incorrect c. fascinating d. accurate答案：b。推理判断题。由第2,3,4,5段内容可推断出b项正确。9as is stated in the passsage，most people try to find out _.a. why the english weather is so uniqueb. whether the english enjoy their weatherc. why the english are so interested in the topic of weatherd. whether the english really talk about weather when they do so答案：c。主旨大意题。总览文章可知答案。文章第1段引出话题，从第2段开始就其原因展开探讨。10in bill brysons opinion, the english “addiction” to their weather is _.a. understandable b. convincingc. respectable d. unreasonable答案：d。推理判断题。由第3段首句的“it is therefore very difficult to explain”可推知答案。11disapproving of bill brysons opinion，jeremy paxman argues that _.a. the english talk about their weather because it is unpredictableb. the english dont talk about weather as often as the outsiders thinkc. the english weather can be as exciting as anywhere elsesd. the english weather talk is merely a form of small talk答案：a。推理判断题。由倒数第3段的“jeremy paxman.argues that the english weather is truly fascinating”和倒数第2段第2句but in uncertainty可推知答案。12according to the author, english weatherspeak is similar to primates social cleaning in that they are both _.aways of greetingbmeans social connectioncfascinating topics between peopledphenomena difficult to understand to outsiders答案：b。事实细节题。由尾段尾句可知b项正确。c72013重庆卷 eit is widely known that any english conversation begins with the weather.such a fixation with the weather finds expression in dr.johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of weather.” though johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this english weatherspeak.bill bryson, for example, concludes that，as the english weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.he argues that “to an outsider，the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it.” simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the british isles.jeremy paxman, however, disagrees with bryson, arguing that the english weather is by nature attractive.bryson is wrong, he says，because the english preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” according to him, the weather in england is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the english as well as the outsider.bryson and paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the english.both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.the english weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.english weatherspeak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. in other words, english weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.72the author mentions dr.johnsons comment to show that _amost commentators agree with dr.johnsonbdr.johnson is famous for his weather observationcthe comment was accurate two hundred years agodenglish conversations usually start with the weather73what does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?aa social trend.ban emotional state.ca historical concept.dan unknown phenomenon.74according to the passage，jeremy paxman believes that _abill bryson has little knowledge of the weatherbthere is nothing special about the english weathercthe english weather attracts people to the british islesdenglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75what is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ato explain what english weatherspeak is about.bto analyse misconceptions about the english weather.cto find fault with both bill bryson and jeremy paxman.dto convince people that the english weather is changeable.【要点综述】 本文通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72d逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73b 词义推断题。bill bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。74d细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75a写作目的题。通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。c72013安徽卷 a the healthy habits survey(调查)shows that only about one third of american seniors have correct habits. here are some findings and expert advice.1.how many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?finding：a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.step：remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2how many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?finding：seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. and nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.step：we touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. and, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3how often do you think about fighting germs?finding：seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.step：be aware of germs. do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? to kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56.what is foun