江苏省扬州市梅岭中学中考英语《第23课时 八下 Unit 7 International》复习教案 牛津版.doc

第23课时 8b unit7【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1especially adv.考点点拨especially意为“特别，尤其”，较多地用于正式文体，指某事物超乎一般的重要、不寻常。如：their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton.他们的主要出口货物是纺织品，特别是丝绸和棉布。i like maple trees, especially in autumn我喜欢枫树，尤其是秋天的枫树。specially表示为了某一特定目的而“特意、专门”采用某一方式做某事。如：the meeting is specially arranged for you.这次会见是特意为你安排的。2spread咒考点点拨spread作名词，意为“扩散；分布；展开”；spread还可作动词，意为“展开，摊开，使扩散”，过去式和过去分词都不变化。sue spreads the map out on the floor.苏在地板上摊开地图。the disease has spread across the whole world.这种疾病已经在全世界扩散开来。3hold vt考点点拨意为“举行”。与hold有关的短语：hold on等着；挺住；（电话用语）别挂断，等一下hold off不开始，延迟，推迟hold out维持，抵抗，使有可能hold up支撑得住，承受住如：can you hold on? ill see if hes there.等一下行吗？我去看一看他在不在那里。she is holding up well under the pressure.她承受住了压力。we could get a new computer now or hold off until prices are lower.我们现在就可以买新电脑，不然就等到降价再说。二、核心句型1. many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them我们的许多病人付不起钱去医院看病，所以我们得到他们身边去。考点点拨 afford to do sth付得起钱做某事，负担得起做某事。常与can，could，be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句。cant/couldnt afford to do sth付不起钱做某事，负担不起做某事。如：i cannot afford to go because i dont have a bean.我没法去，因为我身无分文。we cant afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。2. im proud to help people see again and improve their lives.帮助人们重见光明，改善他们的生活使我感到自豪。考点点拨 be proud of sth./doing sth.be proud to do sth.be proud+that从句，意为“对（做）某事感到自豪”。如：im proud that im a chinese.im proud of being a chinese.im proud to be a chinese.我为自己是中国人而骄傲。pride作名词，意为“骄傲”。take pride in为而自豪。如：today im proud of my school and tomorrow my school will take pride in my success.今天我以学校为荣，明天学校会以我的成功为傲。3. but more money is needed to carry on with our work.但是要继续我们的工作需要更多的钱。考点点拔 carry on with sth /carry on doing sth.continue to do sth. /continue doing sth继续做某事。如：the doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.医生叫她继续治疗。4whats the matter?怎么了？有什么事吗？考点点拨 类似结构：whats the trouble? /whats wrong?如果要表示“某人某物怎么了？”，要在后面加“with sb/sth”。如：whats the matter with you? whats the trouble with you? whats wrong with you?你怎么啦？你有什么麻烦吗？“whats the matter (with)?/whats the trouble(with)?/whats wrong (with)?”这三个句型在充当宾语从句时语序不变。如：can you tell me whats the matter/the trouble/wrong with you?你能告诉我你怎么了吗？5.so she made up her mind to train as a nurse所以她下决心接受培训当一名护士考点点拨make up ones mind下决心，打定主意；make up ones mind to do sth下决心打定主意做某事。如：i make up my mind to finish the work in two days.我下决心在两天内完成这项工作。6. she is getting used to travelling by plane.她习惯了坐飞机往来于各地。考点点拨 be/get used to (doing) sth习惯于（做）某事。如：he is used to taking notes of everything he did他习惯把他所做的一切事情都记下来。三、重点语法一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态英语中共有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”“受”“给”“由”等词表示被动意义。如：millie(主语)cleans(谓语)the room(宾语)every day.（主动）动作执行者 动作 动作承受者the room(主语)is cleaned(谓语)by millie every day.（被动）动作承受者 动作 动作执行者1被动语态的用法(1)当动作的执行者泛指或不言自明时，用被动语态。这时一般不需要by结构。如：word processing skills are taught in our computerlessons.在我们的电脑课上传授文字处理技术。(2)当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：some new computers in our school were stolen lastnight.昨天夜里我们学校里的一些新电脑被偷了。(3)突出或强调动作的承受者时用被动语态。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by结构。如：the window was broken by mike窗户被迈克打破了。2被动语态的构成被动语态的构成形式是“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”。人称、数和时态的变化通过be动词的变化表现出来。一般现在时的被动语态构成：amis/are+及物动词的过去分词。如：visitors are requested not to touch the machines.参观者们被要求不要触摸机器。一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：millie was invited to kates birthday party last week.上周米莉被邀请参加凯特的生日聚会。3主动语态变被动语态的方法先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，再把谓语变为被动结构(be+动词的过去分词)，最后把主动语态的主语放在介词by后面作宾语，将主格变为宾格。如：her mother cooks meals at home. meals are cooked by her mother at home.家里的饭菜是她母亲做的。4主动语态变被动语态需要注意的问题：(1)谓语动词的时态要与原句时态一致。如：i bought a new bike.（改为被动语态）我买了一辆新自行车。误：a new bike is bought by me.正：a new bike was bought by me(2)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，可以分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。一般变间接宾语为主语。如：my uncle gave me a present on my birthday. i was given a present (by my uncle) on my birthday我叔叔在我生日时给了我一个礼物。如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，要在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词to或for。如上句还可说：a present was given to me (by my uncle) on my birthday注意：动词bring，give，lend，offer，pass，show，teach，tell等后面的间接宾语前常用介词to动词buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing等后面的间接宾语前常用介词for。如：my bike was lent to her.我的自行车借给她了。a new shirt was made for me by mum.妈妈给我做了一件新衬衫。5在主动语态中以省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的，改为被动语态时不能省略to(要把to补充出来)。如：i often see him play basketball in the playground. he is often seen to play basketball (by me) in the playground.我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。【考点精练】一、单项选择( )1. (2014广州)he is very surprised that all the houses in the village_ white. apaint bpainted c. are painting d. are painted( )2. (2014临沂)three bridges_ over the river five years ago. abuilt b build c. were built d. are built( )3. (2014阜康、米泉)- mary was heard _ just now. what happened? - john was telling her a joke. a cry b. to cry c. laugh d. to laugh( )4. the basketball match was really fantastic, _ when jeremy lin scored in the last second. a. probably bespecially cexactly dmostly( )5. (2014扬州) -some children cant afford _ necessary stationary. - lets donate our pocket money to them abuy b buying cto buy dbe bought( )6. (2014山西) -mum! i did best in our group discussion today. - well done! i_ you. aam mad at bam patient with c am proud of( )7. (2014江西) -hi, john_? - its lucy, my dog. her leg is hurt. a. how are you b. whats the matter c. whos that d. whats lucy like二、根据