必修一Module 2 讲义.doc

Module 2. My New Teachers1. Introduction 1. Setting criteria for a good teacher. set vt: 点燃，选定日期，定时，释放 -vi: 日落，开始 He murdered the owner of the house and set fire to the building. The relatives came around to help set the date of the marriage of the new couple. You may set the alarm clock for five a.m. On the day a new King came to power, he often set prisoners free. The sun has set. He set out to do his homework. criteria noun: 标准，准则单数形式为criterion. What are the criteria of the speech contest? A criterion is set by people and if it is not suitable, it will be changed. 2. My father is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient. lively, alive, live, living lively adj: 活泼的, 活跃的, 栩栩如生的, 真实的；精力旺盛的; 踊跃的： -adv: 轻快地；富有活力地 Children enjoy lively activities. Bears do not seem as lively as monkeys. Though it was winter, these flowers still remained lively. alive adj: 活的，活着的 活跃的 仍然存在的；仍然进行着的 多在句中做表语或补足语The fish we caught is still alive 我们捉的鱼还活着。In most cases, both parents were still alive and still married to each other.大多数情况下,他们的父母都还活着,而且仍然保持着婚姻关系。Although old she is still very much alive. 她虽已年迈，但仍很活跃。The argument was kept alive by the politicians. 政治家们还在继续争论那件事。 live -adj. 活的，有生命的 燃烧着的 有爆炸力的 有电的 实况转播的 在句中只做定语 - adv. 实况转播地 在现场地a live animal: 活的动物The cat was playing with a live mouse. 那猫在玩一只活老鼠。a live bomb 未爆炸的炸弹It wasnt a recorded show; it was live. 那不是录音节目,是实况转播。 living - adj. 活着的，有生命的 逼真的The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说在世的人比去世的人更重要。She has no living relatives. 她没有还健在的亲戚。She is the living image of her young mother. 她活像她母亲年青时的样子。 energetic adj: 精力旺盛的 energy noun: 能源，能量，精力He is an energetic man. Everyday he works until midnight. Scientists are trying to make full use of the energy of the sun. 3. All good teachers talk a lot. a lot: 可以在句中做状语，修饰动词或比较级，表程度。可以放在及物动词后做宾语，表示“大量的”。He talks a lot whenever he is given a chance. At the first time you meet your new friend, dont speak a lot about your success. He did a lot better than all of you. The scientist wrote a lot about his new discovery. The guest ate a lot at dinner. It seemed that he hadnt had dinner for 3 days! People from northeastern China drink a lot. Perhaps it is too cold there. 4. I think teachers need to be strict. need vt: 需要（need doing = need to be done） -noun: 需要，要求in need of: 需要。meet ones need(s): 满足某人的要求、需求 -model.v: 需要后面跟动词原形，否定式为neednt . The people in the flooded village needed food and clothing badly. The company he works in is quite near. He doesnt need a car at all. Mary felt very uncomfortable. She said she needed to see the doctor. There is nothing in the fridge. You need to go shopping. Nowadays, it is difficult for parents to meet their childrens needs. They want good things to eat, nice things to wear and interesting things to play with. Workers asked the boss to raise their pay. If he didnt meet their need, they would go on strike. The coat needs washing. (= _). I need do it now, neednt I ? You must leave now, neednt you? The sick man need be operated on at once. strict adj: 严格的，严厉的 （规则或行为） 精确的；完整的Our teacher is strict; we have to do what she says.我们的老师很严格，我们不得不按她说的去做。He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.他解释说,他的饮食节制得如此的严格,以致他不得不偶尔犒劳犒劳自己。a strict analysis 精确的分析 be strict with sb: 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth: 对某事要求严格 5. I like teachers who are amusing and can laugh with their students. laugh verb: . 笑 （与at连用）嘲笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。The children laughed their mother into a better humor. 孩子们笑得使妈妈的心情好起来了。She bravely laughed off her stomach pain 她对胃痛勇敢地置之一笑。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。不要高兴得太早。Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都大笑起来。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。 短语：laugh at：不以为意；对一笑置之：a daredevil who laughed at danger.鲁莽大胆的蔑视危险laugh off (=laugh away) 一笑置之：把当作滑稽可笑的琐事而置之不理：laughed off any suggestion that her career was over.对有关她事业生涯已结束的暗示置之不理laugh up (ones) sleeve =laugh in (ones) sleeve 幸灾乐祸：偷偷地欣喜或高兴辨析：laugh, smile, grin, chuckle, sneerlaugh (名词：laugh) 指哈哈大笑At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing. 这时候，大家开始又是笑又是唱。We all laughed to tears at his funny story.听了他的滑稽的故事，我们都笑出眼泪了。smile (名词：smile)指微笑The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out.客栈老板微微一笑便出去了。The porter and I looked at each other and smiled.我和脚夫微笑着你看着我，我看着你。grin (名词：grin)满脸的笑He grinned from ear to ear.他满脸堆着笑。The boy grinned with delight. 那个男孩子高兴得咧着嘴笑。chuckle (名词：chuckle) 咯咯的笑，抿着嘴发出的笑(声)He was chuckling to himself over what he was reading.由于书中读到了有趣的东西，他一个人咯咯地笑出了声。sneer(名词：sneer) 冷笑, 看不起人的冷笑 “Oh, is it?” said the sheriff with a sneer. “噢，是吗？”司法官冷笑着说。注： giggle傻乎乎地咯咯笑。如：The funny man amused the girls, so they giggled. mirth 为名词，指欢乐轻快的笑。如：occasioned great mirth 6. Good teachers always return homework quickly. return verb: 回来；回去 归还 回答 选出（议员） 申报 获利 -noun: 回来；归去 归还 盈利报告；申报 往返票to return to London 回到伦敦Spring will return.春天会再来的。Return the book to the library. 把书归还给图书馆。-Can I return these two tickets? he asked. 我可以退掉这两张票吗? - - No!Ask the sales manager to return my call when he comes back, please.销售部经理回来后,请叫他给我回个电话。to return sb. to Parliamen 选举某人为议员to return ones income 申报收入These shares return a good rate of interest. 这些股票利率很高。return a favor 回报your return from China你从中国回来On my return from work, I saw the door was open.我下班回家时，看见门开着。the return of the stolen books 归还被偷的书a tax return 所得税申报表I would like a return ticket. 我想要张往返票。Many happy returns! 祝你长寿！ 7. Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands. make sure: 保证，确保后面接that从句，wh-从句以及动词不定式。 后面也可以加介词of或about, 接名词、代词或动名词短语。 The students made sure that the chemicals used in the experiment were good enough to produce the result. Peter made sure when the train left Liverpoor for London. Please make sure to turn off the light before you leave. He worked day and night to make sure to pass the exam. Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of a seat! He worked carefully to make sure about the answers to the questions. 8. You should be able to ask your teacher questions at any time during a lesson. able -adj. 能够的：具有足够的能力或资质的 be able to: 能够做富有能力的，富有天赋的 unable adj: （常与to + inf连用）不能的，不会的 Because of the disease, he wasnt able to walk well. Although he was only years old, he was able to know at least 100 Chinese characters. You dont have to worry about him. He is able to live by himself. He wants to come but hes unable to. 他想来，但他不能来。The boy is unable to reach the apple 男孩够不着苹果。Sorry, Im unable to work out this math problem. 注意：able放在动词后做形容词词缀，有被动的含义。eatable: 可以吃的 drinkable: 可以喝的 readable:可以读的 enjoyable: 可以享受的，快乐的 reasonable: 有道理的 controlable: 可以控制的 usable: 可以使用的 lesson noun:. 功课，课业，学业：需要学习的东西 一堂课；一节课 经验，教训：能给人以有益的新知识或智慧的经历、例子或见闻 训斥，谴责 -vt: 向授课 训斥，谴责lessons from observing nature. 从观察自然中获得的东西 Mr. Smith is giving a lesson now. One should not fall asleep during a lesson. Some people left the hall during the lesson. 短语：give a lesson: 上课have a lesson: 上课，听课 teach sb a lesson: 给某人一个教训，教训某人 learn a lesson from: 从。中吸取教训 Father taught Peter a lesson because he didnt behave himself when the guests were having dinner. He learned a lesson from his failure of the examination. That is, he was too careless. If you learn the lessons from the failures of your own and others, you make progress. 2. Reading and Vocabulary: 1. They say that first impressions are very important. impression noun: 印；印痕 印记, 印象 意念；概念 impress-vt. （常与with连用）使（人）印象深刻；使铭记 （常与on连用）使印象深刻 （常与on连用）盖（印）；盖（印）于The thief had left an impression of his foot in the garden. 小偷在花园中留下一个脚印。What were your first impressions of London? 你对伦敦的最初印象如何？Its my impression that he doesnt want to come. 我好像觉得他不想来。His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话使我深深铭记心头。I impressed on him the importance of his work.我使他注意他的工作的重要性。impress wax with a seal 把印盖在火漆上 2. I think perhaps she was, as it was her first lesson with us. because , since, as, for：表示原因, 前三个是从属连词，for是并列连词。 because 语气最强，着重说明原因或理由，是句子的重点。回答why 的问句时，必须用because. since 的语气比because稍弱，表示已经为人知道的原因，强调关系上的自然结果，不是句子的重点，一般译为“既然，由于”，相当于now that，往往放在主句之前。as 证据最弱，只说明一般的因果关系，可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，不如since正式。 for是并列连词，连接一个表示原因的并列分句，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间，表示直接的、随便的附加说明的理由或推断的理由。 The swimming pool wont be open today because they are making repairs. Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, I want to give him a chance. As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word “hike”. He is probably ill, for he is absent today. The electricity must be cut off, for the light went out. 3. Shes kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it! sothat 与 such that: 两者都可以引起表示结果的状语从句，译为“如此。以致。”。不同的是so是副词，其后跟形容词；such是形容词，修饰其后的中心名词。分为如下几种情况： 后跟可数名词单数时，结构为： so + adj + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that such + a/an +adj + 可数名词单数 + that It is so fine a day that we all want to go out for a walk. It is such a fine day that we all want to go out for a walk. such +可数名词复数+ that They are such lovely children that we all like them. such + 不可数名词 There is such good rice that I want to buy some. so + 表示数量的形容词，即：so + many / few + 可数名词复数so + much / little + 不可数名词 so many books / so much money / so few books / so little money They are such little boys that we all like them. 注意：so与that 结果状语连用置于句首时，主句要局部倒装。 So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly. So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 4. She avoids making you feel stupid! avoid vt: 避免后面接名词或动名词。后面必须接动名词的及物动词还有：admit, consider, dislike, dread (惧怕，担心)，enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, practice, suggest，advise, allow, permit, forbid, risk, appreciate, delay等。In order to avoid cleaning the floor, Tom pretended to be ill. The thief admitted stealing the old ladys purse. The manager considered starting the new project. People dislike treating animals badly. Mary dreaded coming out at night. How soon will you finish doing the homework? I hate being treated dishonestly. Peter seems to be ill. He keeps sleeping most of the day. Can you imagine traveling to the moon in a spaceship? If you want to improve your spoken English, youd better practice speaking the language. Some people suggested putting off the meeting because the manager was absent. 5. I feel I am going to make progress with her. progress noun: UN 进展，进步，成长，发展，前进progressive adj: 进步的，思想进步的前进的，进行的progressively adv: 渐进地，逐渐地 make great / rapid progress: make even greater progress: the progress of medicine: in progress: 在进行中的You have made great progress in speaking English. 6. Shes very strict - we dont dare to say a word unless she asks us to. unless conj: (= ifnot) 除非，如果不引起一个条件状语从句。He wont be late unless he is ill. = He wont be late if he isnt ill. I couldnt understand it unless you explain it to me. 注意：在与事实相反的条件中，unless与ifnot一般不可互换。unless表示“没有发生”，if表示“发生过”。If he werent so silly, he would understand. If I hadnt saved her, she would be dead. ? You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or 7. There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late but they re always on time for Mrs. Chens lesson. keep doing 保持做。 keep sb doing: 使。不断地做某事 keep sb from doing: 阻止。做某事= prevent sb (from) doing = stop sb (from) doing He kept remembering the English vocabulary. He had mastered more than 7,000 words. He kept talking with his desk-mate, which made the teacher very angry. He keeps watering the flower, thats why it grows very well. The cold weather kept him coughing. Does poverty keep one stealing? His illness kept him from going to work. The rainy weather keeps people from traveling far. The government must take measures to keep the people from polluting the environment. The chains keep the dog from running away. on time: 按时，准时in time : 及时最后，终于in no time: 立刻，马上 Be on time for the meeting, we will have important contents today. Because of the weather conditions, few airplanes are arriving and taking off on time. Always do your homework in time and have more time to review. In time they came to accept the harsh facts. 他们最终承认了严酷的事实The injured passengers were sent to the hospital in no time. You must finish the job in no time. Seeing the police waving to him, the driver stopped his car in no time. 8. During scientific experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. as a result: 因此，结果副词短语，常做状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子。He runs every day. As a result, he has lost weight. There were many floods in this area this year. As a result, many people become homeless. 拓展：result from: 起因，由于，由。而起 result in: 导致，造成。结果 as a / the result of: 因为。的缘故 Success results from hard work. His failure results from his carelessness. His carelessness resulted in his failure. She was late for class as a result of the heavy snow. James broke down today completely as the result of much worry. 9. Physics will never by my favorite lesson, but I think that Ill do well in the exam with Mrs. Chen teaching me. favorite -adj.心爱的；中意的；喜爱的 -noun: 特别喜爱的物；特别喜爱的人 过分受宠爱的人my favorite book 我爱读的书Oranges are my favorite fruit. 柑橘是我最喜爱的水果。Baked apples are his favorite dish. 烘苹果是他爱吃的菜。Davids a great favorite with his teacher.大卫是他的老师最为喜欢的学生。These novels are my favorites. 这些是我最喜欢的小说。A teacher shouldnt have favorites. 一个教师不应过分宠爱某些学生。 with + 宾语（名词或代词）+ 宾补：这种结构称为with的复合结构。宾语补足语根据逻辑意义可以是不同的词，如：形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。with的复合结构在句中可以做状语或定语。 Liu Bei was quite safe with Guan Yu standing behind him. We found her house easily with the little boy leading the way. He is used to sleeping with the windows open. He went out with all the lights on. With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily. He went out into the dark street with a stick in his hand. She saw a brook with red flowers and grass on both sides. There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. 10. Mr. Wus only been teaching us for two weeks and hes already very popular. already adv: 已经，常与完成时态连用，侧重于表示动作的结束。也可以和现在时或过去时连用，表示已经具备某一特征或状态。By the time we arrived at the station the train had already left. Xiao Gang has already finished the question paper. By next June, well have already left the city. He is already 45. Tom finished writing already. He ate his breakfast already. The manager is already there. be popular with / among: 受。的欢迎He is popular with his workers. Zhou Jieluns song are popular with young boys and girls. Peter was an honest boy. That was why he was popular among his classmates. Dont you know him. He is a popular person in our school. 11. Hes got so much energy, this is one class you do not fall asleep in! fall vi: 落下，降落 fall asleep: 睡着fall ill: 患病fall in love with: 爱上 fall off: 下降，跌落fall over: 滑倒，摔倒One after another, all three fell asleep. He didnt want to fall behind in his studies. We mustnt fall behind the others. He has fallen ill suddenly. Youd better learn simple treatment in case of falling ill. Ive fallen in love with your beautiful house. This newspaper has fallen off; it is not what it used to be. Tom slipped on a banana skin and fell over. 12. Hes about 28, I think, and is rather good-looking. rather adv: 稍微；有点；颇；相当 （常与than连用）宁可，宁愿 （常与than连用）更rather cold weather 相当冷的天气She was rather hurt by his unkind words. 他出言不逊,使她相当伤心。Id rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球，不愿游泳。These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这双鞋不好看，但是舒服。American young people would rather get advice from strangers.美国的年轻人宁可从陌生人那里获取咨询。We would rather receive money than the usual gifts.我们宁可接受钱而不希望受到通常的礼物。 13He talks loudly and fast, and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited. about adv: 四处，四周 He looked about but found nobody following him. It was deep night. He couldnt fall asleep and got up to walk about in the house. The news is going about. Tell the kids not to run about in case of getting lost. There is no one about. The police searched 5 miles about for the wanted man. 14. Even things like compositions and summaries are fun with Mr. Wu. be fun with: 因。而有趣 Life is fun with children. Mathemati