被动语态要点复习精讲精练.doc

被动语态要点复习精讲精练被动语态是英语语法的重要项目,其构成形式是“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”，其中be动词的形式变化同系动词be。因此，要复习好被动语态除了掌握其基本含义、基本构成之外，还要注意下面五个方面。一、 明确被动语态的使用场合一般来说,当句子的主语是句子谓语动作的承受者时,句子要用被动语态而不能用主动语态。According to the news , many college students asked to be sent to the faraway places. 二、被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。高中阶段几种常用时态的被动语态形式为：1am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时In the muesum, visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2has/havebeendone现在完成时Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwerereadytostart.3am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere, so we will go along antoher street. 4was/weredone一般过去时IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5hadbeendone过去完成时Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6was/werebeingdone过去进行时AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7shall/willbedone一般将来时Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8should/wouldbedone过去将来时Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived.三、主动形式，被动意义1有些表示状态特征的系动词、感官动词，如look, sound, feel ,smell, taste, prove, appear, sound, turn out 等+形容词/名词的系表结构。如：The musicof the famous play sounds beautiful. This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。 That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。2表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。例如：read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut dry, eat, drink, keep, feel ,burn, last ,strike, cut等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。或与表示行为方式的状语连用时，或与情态动词连用时，如：This latest type of the coats that factory produces dries easily. Dont do that again , I am afraid the door wont lock. Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。 The car drove easily.这车很容易开。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。 3表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, move。例如：Attention please ! work began at 7clock this morning. 4少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如：print, build, cook, fry ,hang, build, make，例如：The books the famous writer worked out are printing. He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。 The meat is cooking. 5介词in ,on, under + 名词构成的介词短语表示被动意义。如：The house facing the tower is in the possession(拥有) of Mr. Bob. The thief is under arrest.The thief has been arrested.小偷已被捕。 Apples are on sale.Apples are being sold.苹果在出售。 The phenomenon under study is very interesting.The phenomenon which is being studied is very interesting.正在研究的现象十分有趣。 6当get ，become，go 等动词用作系动词时，其表语是过去分词时，可以表示被动，get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言，更强调动作的结果而非动作本身，并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如：The patient got treated once a week. After working selflessly for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生无私地干了好几年，终于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.由于节日交通阻塞，他们被耽误了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。 The womans complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。 7某些不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词如break out ,go well, take place ,occur(发生)等，例如：What body changes occur when the sperm whale drives? 8Want, need, require等动词后用v-ing形式可以表示被动意义。在need(want, require, deserve, tc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。例如： The machine needs repairing. The garden needs watering.The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying with great care.The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 These jobs want doing at once.These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做。 用法相似的结构还有bear doing,stand doing,be worth doing,习惯不用动词不定式。如： That wont bear thinking of.那是不堪想像的。 The little girl cant stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。 The food is not worth eating.这种饭菜不值一吃。This book is well worth reading again. Its well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这事。 值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。 9在某些性质形容词动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。 That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。 在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于Its easy to answer the question.和Its difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系。 10. 有些动词不定式不论用主动形式还是被动形式，动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的。例如： Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.这个事故，谁也不能责怪。 The house is to let (to be let).这房子出租。 There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有许多书要读。 Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽车出租。 11. 以able或ible结尾的形容词可表示被动意义。例如： These tickets are available for one month.These tickets are capable of being used for one month.这些票可用一个月。 Its a credible explanation.The explanation can be trusted.这是一种可信的解释。 The fish was hardly eatable.The fish could hardly be eaten.这鱼几乎不能吃。 四、不能转化成被动语态的主动句我们知道不及物动词没有被动语态，有的及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，同样也没有被动语态，凡是属于下列情况的主句不能转化成被动语态： 1某些表示状态的及物动词。如：have, own, possess, lack, want, fit, suit, become, last, cost, fail, escape, hold等。例如： Our boss possesses great wealth. 2当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不能有相应的被动语态，例如： I cut myself when I was cutting meat. 3当宾语是不定式或动名词时，通常不能有对应的被动句，例如： This might help to bring out the meaning more clearly. 五、不及物动词的被动结构一般地说，不及物动词没有被动结构，这是因为不及物动词没有宾语（动作的承受者），但有些不及物动词接上介词、副词或其他成分构成一个短语动词，相当于及物动词，这时可以有被动语态，但是要注意所接的介词、副词或其他成分一定不能省略，例如：We must write to him. He must be written to. 【巩固精练】I.单句改错：1.Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978. 2.The village also called the International Meeting Village. 3.Our school also teaches Russian. 4.The scientist is known by us all. 5.The museum was entered by the children one by one. 6.Himself was introduced to us at the meeting by him. 7.This magazine is sold well here. 8.Whenisanewroadgoingtobuildaroundthelake?9.Hundredsofjobswillloseifthefactorycloses.10.A new cinema is built here. They hope to finish it next month.II.单项填空：1. To tell me the truth , do you know why Mary looks so sad? Because she _ by her classmates. A. has been laughed B. has laughed at C. was laughed at D. has been laughed at2. According to the reporter , books of this kind this year _ well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 3. As you know , in some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served4.In fact , I need only one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5._ the school sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told6. We looked for him everywhere. Believe it or not , he _ behind the door at that time. A. hid B. was hidden C. hide D. was being hidden7. There used to be a lot of houses in the area , but now they _.A. pulled down B. have been pulled down C. were pulled down D. had been pulled down8. Robert is said _ abroad ,but I dont know what country he studied in .A .to have studied B .to study C .to be studying D .to have been studying9. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 30 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have10. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happened B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened11. I really dont want _like I m speaking ill of anybody, but, you know , the manager s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded12. I think you will see that _to be an expensive mistake .A. was provedB. proved C. has been provedD. proved as13. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well. A. have told; washes B. have been told; washesC. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed14. I think the latest film “Chibi” is _ twice or three times. A. worth being seen B. worth watching C. sure to see D. worth seeing 15.My kind , your composition is good , but , in my opinion, your handwriting still requires_.A. improvingB. improved C. being improvedD. to improve16. Believe it or not , the pools water _ cool when I joined into it for morning exercise this morning .A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels17. - Have the hotel been put to use?- No, it _. A. was built B. has been built C. is finished D. is being built18. That factory is being built, _ ? A. is it B. does it C. are it D. isnt it 19. Where _ the sports meeting _ now? A. does; be being held B. is; held C. is; being held D. did; being held 20. To our surprise, this play _ in the theatre now. A. is not been shown B. is not being shown C. not is being shown D. is being not shown 21. _ those flowers _ by them now? A. Are; being watered B. Are; waters C. Do; are being watered D. Did; are being watered 22. Lets try to find out whether the car _ to Beijing by him at six tomorrow morning. A. is being driven B. is driving C. has been driven D. had been driven 23. What surprises me most is that the books in our library _. A. are always being stolen B. are always stolen C. have always been stolen D. had always been stolen 24. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. is cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 25. It is said that the meeting is _ now. A. being held B. be held C. been held D. been holding 26. The building _ , I cant stand its noise. A. builds B. is built C. is being built D. was being built 英语时态语态练习100题1. The sun _ in the east.A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often _ his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. Im Japanese. Where _ from?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming4. A mother who _ her son will do everything for his happiness.A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. _ at a higher temperature than water?A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You _.” A. dismissedB. are dismissed C. have dismissedD. were dismissed 7. I havent met him for ages, but his mother _ him sometimes.A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader_ .A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack _ the answer.A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows 10. My father _ George quite well; they were introduced at a party.A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing 11. Where _ ?A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work 12. I think this question _ to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B 13. _ oil or butter when you cook it ?A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used 14. I _ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read 15. Now he _ a book about New York. I dont think he will finish it.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing 16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he _ his schoolmates with their lessons.A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped 17. Mother washes the girls hair. Look, she _ . A. is washing it now B. washes it C. is washing them now D. washes them now 18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he _ television.A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched 19. How long ago _ playing with soldiers? A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop 20. Look at John! What _ ? A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do 21. It _ hard when I left my house. A. is rainingB. rainsC. was rainingD. will rain 22.The railway _ in three years.A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed 23. Dont talk so loudly. Your father _ . A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept 24. - What are you doing under the table?- I _ to find my pen.A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying 25. Jane and Tom _ the door. A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to 26. How many people does the doctor know _ of the disease?A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies 27. He _ thin. A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got 28. Our team _ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins 29. I shall tell you what he _at three oclock yesterday afternoon.A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing 30. I _ my homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 31. I _ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.A. wasnt having B. havent had C. hadnt D. havent been having 32. _ reading the book yet?A. Have you finished B. Were you finishing C. Had you finished D. Are you finishing 33. The evening party _ .You are a little late.A. just began B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now 34. The dog is still wet. It _ out of the rain.A. only just comes B. has only just coming C. was only just come D. has only just come 35. Where did you study before you _ to this middle school?A. come B. came C. are coming D. will come 36. He _ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from 37. - Did your brother go to America last year? - _ .A.No, he has never go there B. No, he has never gone here C.No, he never was there D.No, hes never been there 38. My uncle _ in that factory since 1958. A. worked B. had worked C. is working D. has worked 39. I _ her since she was a little girl. A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known 40. He _ for three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army 41. His grandfather _ for thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died 42. I _ a college student for more than a year. A. became B. have become C. was D. have been 43. I _ this radio for two years. A. used B. use C. have used D. am used 44. I _ from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear 45. Since you dont want to go, I _ alone. A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone 46. He_ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere? A. lost B. lose C. has lost D. had lost 47. I _ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing 48. When I was a little boy my father _ me the earth is round.A. tells B. has told C. had told D. told 49. You _ your homework.A. havent done B. have doing C. have not doing D. not done 50. Our teacher _ to Beijing three times. A. went B. had done C. has gone D. has been 51. Its time you _ a holiday. A. had B. have C. will have D. have had 52. The young engineer he _ is a friend of his.A. is talking B. is going to talk C. talked D. is talking to 53. He _ in Shanghai in 196o. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. is living 54. Robert _ in England a few weeks ago.A. arrives B. has arrived C. could arrive D. arrived 55. How long ago _ in Fujian?A. has he arrived B. did he arrive C. could he arrive D. arrived 56. Jack _ a letter to his parents last night.A. writes B. wrote C. write D. has written 57. His parent did not know why _ his homework.A. did he not do B. did he not to do C. he had not done D. he had done not58. Last week John _ his leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken 59. Wang Jinsi _ the whole nation as Iron Man. A. was known by B. is known to C. knew D. has known 60. They _ to a new house last month. A. moves B. move C. moved D. have moved 61. Ill let you know as soon as he _ .A. arrives B. will arrive C. arrive D. reach 62. _