高考英语短文改错解题技巧.doc

高考英语短文改错解题技巧短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，考生在该项上往往失分较多，那么如何做好改错题，结合自己数年的教学经验，笔者认为要想在短文改错上取得理想的成绩，除了平时打好基础外，在应考时还要做到以下几点；一、先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。二综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题（即改词、加词或减词）。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：1. 名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。如：Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000 北京春考)，此句中return虽然可以作可数名词也可做不可数名词，但此处显然为可数名词，故应用其复数，returns。（1）On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 81（NMET 2002）句中picture应为pictures（2）Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85（NMET 2003）句中word应为words（3） but after class we become stranger at83 (NMET 2004) 句中stranger应为strangers2. 动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。如：（1）Around the world young people are spending a lot of money in listening pop music. 本句中listen是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，应在其后加to。（2）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one.84（NMET 2003）句中reads应为过去式read（3）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.80（NMET 2002）此句visiting 应为visited（4）One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. 83 （NMET 2003）此句中showed是及物动词，其后要加it作其宾语。（5） Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. 81 (NMET 2003) 句中talk应为talking, 因为enjoy后接doing.3. 形容词副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where, when, why等的缺失或错用，如：（1） I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77（NMET 2004）句中 副词quietly 应改为形容词quiet（2） It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 78 （NMET 2002）此句we的前面缺了关系副词when, when在此处引导一个时间状语从句。（3） I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 89 (NMET 1997) 此句中，where应改为which,因为关系副词不能在句中定语从句中做主语。4. 介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。（1） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.92 (NMET 1998) 此句中instead 和ourselves之间需加上of, 因为instead是副词，本身不可以接名词。（2） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 85（NMET 2002）句中at多余。（3） The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese 77（NMET 2003）句中in多余。（4） Im a newcomer here of a small town. 76（NMET 2004）句中of 应改为from 5. 主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.（NMET 2000）此句中主语是my picture and the prize, is 应改为are.6. 冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the；a, an的混用，特别注意：hour, honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头，故用an，而useful, university, European, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却以辅音音素开头，故用a。如：As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76 （NMET 2002）此处famous前应加上冠词a7. 数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。 8. 连词：不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词（如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。如：（1）The food was expensive and the service was good. 84（NMET 2002）根据句意，此句中连词and应改为 but 。（2） I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. 84 （NMET 2004）此句中since应改为but。9. 代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用或缺失。如只能用that引导的用了其它，或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。如：（1） I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78（NMET 2003）此句中不定代词anything应改为everything （2） I was learning to express me in simple English. 82（NMET 2003）此句中me应改为其反身代词myself。10. 常用固定短语或固定用法用错。（1）Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them.78（NMET 2004）此句中，well 前应加as ，as well as 是固定搭配 （2）Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words , Im an only child . (NMET 2001) 此句中，in any other words应改为in other words ，属固定短语。（3）Can you tell me about what I should do? 85