黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 语法复习 虚拟语气连词.doc

黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 语法复习 虚拟语气连词虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。 一、 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。 其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：i wish the were at home this time. 2 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。 其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。例：i wish i hadn t hurt him so much。 3 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。 其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：i wish i might be able to come tomorrow 。 二、 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 （一） 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设 1 与现在事实相反的假设。 其句子结构为： 从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他 主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他 例：if i were you, i would go with him. 2 与过去事实相反的假设。 其句子结构为： 从句：if+主语+过去完成时+其他 主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例：if you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam. 3表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。 其句子结构为： 从句：if+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他 主句：主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形 例：if he were to go tomorrow. he might tell you. (二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式 1 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。 if they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. 2 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。 if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, i would have gone to see the film with you last night。 3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。 if we hadn t made adequate preparations, we shouldn t dare to do the experiment next week。 4从句表示将来，主句表示现在。 if we shouldn t have an exam this afternoon. i would go shopping now. 三、 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气 由as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例： john pretends as if he didn t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well. (用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设) the old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago. （用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实） they talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反) 四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气 常用的此类动词有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 例：the doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. he insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 上述动词的名词形式，demand, desire, requirment, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形“表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特别是美国英语，常省去“should”，例： the advice is that we (should) leave at once. he idea that we (should)visit great wall was warmly welcomed. 五、在“it is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气 美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有： 表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirabl。 表示“建议”的：suggested, recommended, 表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital 表示“适当、较好”的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable 表示“可能”的：probable, possible 表示“命令”的：ordered 例：it was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. it is required that nobody (should)smoke here. 六、由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气 1“iest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“shuld+动词原形”。 he took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there. 2“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。 all things, whether you know or don t know, exist in the world. 3用“would rather/had rather would just as soon表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。 don t live in the world, i would rather( i would just as soon) you die. i would rather you go tomorrow. i would rather everything hadn t happened in the past. 4用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 i had hoped that she would go to the u.s. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in china. 5在“it is（high/about）time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。 it is hihg (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意与“this is the first/secondtime”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。 6用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气） without your help, i couldn t finish my work on time. in the absence of water and air, nothing could live. 7由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气） they are willing surrender provided they are given free passage. 8在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。 should there be a good film tomorrow. i would go to the theatre with you. were it not for your help. i wouldn t be succeed.虚拟语气专项练习 1. you didnt let me drive. if we _ in turn, you _ so tired. a. drove; didnt get b. drove; wouldnt get c. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven; wouldnt have got2. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken3. _ it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the yangpu bridge. a. were b. should c. would d. will4. janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. a. be; should have b. was; have c. should be; had d. was; has5. without electricity human life _ quite different today. a. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be6. i told sally how to get there, but perhaps i _ for her. a. had to write it out b. must have written it out c. should have written it out d. ought to write it out7. i didnt see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brother. a. has come b. did come c. came d. had come8. -if he _, he _ that food. -luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. a. was warmed; would not take b. had been warned; would not have taken c. would be warned; had not taken d. would have been warned; had not taken9. the two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. a. should be b. would be c. have been d. had been10. without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly11. -have you ever been to beijing? -no, but i wish i _. a. have b. will c. do d. had12. if only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. should lie13. if i _ you, i would ask him to stay. a. was b. would be c. were d. am14. if it hadnt rained last sunday, we _ picnicking. a. could go b. could have gone c. went d. would go15. everybody would be very happy if the hot summer _ tomorrow. a. should finish b. would finish c. were to be finished d. finishes16. if only i _ your advice! a. had taken b. took c. would take d. have taken17. if it _ yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground now. a. didnt snow b. hasnt snowed c. hadnt snowed d. werent snowing. 18. if he came here at this moment, i _ him. a. would criticize b. will criticize c. shall criticize d. were to criticize19. i wish i _ the meeting last week. a. could attend b. attended c. have attended d. could have attended20. hes always talking like that, as if the whole world _to him alone. a. had belonged b. belonged c. were belonging d. were belonged21. the tv play for tonight wont be interesting. even if it _, i might not have time for it. a. would be b. be c. had been d. were22. without your help, i _ in my english study. a. would not have succeeded b. hadnt succeeded c. will not succeed d. wont have succeeded23. the workers in france demanded that the their pay _ from the following week on. a. would be raised b. was raised c. be raised d. raised 24. my suggestion is that we _ the sports met. a. would put off b. should put off c. putted off d. be put off25. the monitor made a proposal that the whole class _the matter. a. discussed b. would discuss c. be discussed d. discuss26. it is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. a. should be made b. is made c. would be made d. was made27. it is high time that our child _ to do some housework. a. learned b. learn c. will learn d. would learn28. they stopped at hangzhou so that they _ the west lake. a. will visit b. can visit c. may visit d. might visit29. _ it _ for your help, i couldnt have make any progress. a. were; not b. had; not been c. should; not been d. did; be30. you are late again. you _ here earlier. a. should come b. will come c. should have come d. will have come31. dont come this afternoon. id rather you _ tomorrow. a. come b. to come c. came d. will come32. he took his raincoat with him lest it _. a. rained b. should rain c. would rain d. will rain33. john was very busy last week, otherwise, he _ to attend the meeting. a. would have come b. would come c. should come d. came34. _ i to tell her about it, she would be very glad. a. should b. would c. were d. might35. without sunlight or water or air, there _ no life on the earth. a. will have b. would be c. should be d. must be36. it was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. a. is allowed b. be allowed c. should allow d. will be allowed37. _ i known he was in trouble, i might have managed to help him. a. if b. when c. unless d. had38. you _ there by taxi yesterday, it is not far from here. a. couldnt have gone b. should have gone c. neednt have gone d. mustnt have gone39. i would have gone there with you but i _ too tired then. a. were b. had been c. was d. have been40. -did you go to see the football match yesterday? -no, i didnt feel well, but i would have gone if i _. a. did b. have c. would d. had41. _the friendship between us last forever! a. could b. will c. may d. wish42. -where have you been? -i got caught in traffic; _ i could have been here soon. a. otherwise b. however c. though d. anyway43. if my lawyer _ here last saturday, he _ me from going. a. had been; would have prevented b. had been; would prevent c. were; would prevent d. were; would have prevented44. if it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. a. were not; could have climbed b. were not; could climb c. had not been; could have climbed d. had not been; could climb45. we _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. a. must have studied b. might study c. should have studied d. would study46. -there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -it _ a comfortable journey. a. cant be b. shouldnt be c. mustnt have been d. couldnt have been47. i was really anxious about you. you _ home without a word. a. mustnt leave b. shouldnt have left c. couldnt have left d. neednt leave48. _ your letter, i would have started off two days ago. a. if i received b. should i receive c. if i could have received d. had i received49. it is strange that she _ so. a. think b. thinks c. will think d. thought50. he suggested that the meeting _ put off. a. not be b. should not c. wouldnt d. be not51. she would rather _ more money on books _ on clothes. a. cost; not b. to spare; dont c. pay; than d. spend; than52. what would have happened if you _ her child? a. hadnt helped b. couldnt help c. wouldnt help d. didnt help53. if i _ with her last summer, i _ with her now. a. worked; am getting on very well b. had worked; would get on very well c. had worked; would have got on very well d. had worked; will get on very well54. the old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. a. was finished b. will finis c. be finished d. shall be finished55. the thief closed his eyes _ he _ dying. a. even if; was b. though; would be c. when; had been d. as if; were56. i wish _ my uncle yesterday. a. had met b. would met c. met d. have met57. without his help, we _ such rapid progress. a. dont make b. wouldnt make c. didnt make d. wouldnt have made58. _ so busy, she would come to help you. a. should my daughter b. was my daughter not c. if my daughter were not d. if my daughter isnt 59. if you _ any problem, please dont hesitate to ask your teacher. a. have b. would have c. are going to have d. will have60. what do you think of the suggestion that she _ at the meeting last week? a. should make b. make c. made d. a or b61. if only i _ to my parents advice? a. listening b. listen c. am listening d. had listened62. but for the snow, we _ earlier. a. will arrive b. should have arrived c. arrive d. arrived63. heres an umbrella in case you _ it. a. should use b. needed c. needing d. to need64. it is natural that he _ his mind. a. changes b. changing c. change d. to change65. it is a pity mr. zhang isnt here. if he _, my parents would be happier. a. comes b. has come c. came d. had come66. _ you succeed and _ you be healthy. a. may; may b. wish; wish c. hope; hope d. should; may67. its high time he _ home. a. goes b. went c. will go d. is going to go68. i hoped _ my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answerc. that she will answer d. her answering69. i was very busy yesterday, otherwise i _ to the meeting. a. came b. would come c. had come d. would have come70. if she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _ much better. a. play b. must play c. will play d. would play71. “jane wants to see you tomorrow.” “i would rather she _ today than tomorrow.” a. comes b. should come c. come d. came72. the secretary listened carefully _ he might discover exactly what she wanted. a. so as that b. in case c. in order that d. providing73. supposing the weather _ bad, where would they go? a. will be b. is c. were d. be74. without the leadership of the party, there _ no new china. a. would be b. has been c. was d. should be75. the work would require that _ at 5 every morning. a. she has been there b. she was there c. she be there d. she will be there 76. the little heros pale face suggested he _ dead. a. is b. was c. sho