翻译硕士 句子分译联系.doc

英汉汉英翻译教材教案一、教师简介：杨晓莉，女1969年8月出生于四川省仁寿县。1991年毕业于兰州大学英语语言文学专业，获学士学位。现在日照职业技术学院任讲师。长期以来在学院担任英语课的教学，主要教大学公共英语和英语教育专业的翻译课。由于教学方法得当，深得学生们的好评。在教学之余，积极撰写论文，目前已有多篇论文发表。二、教学大纲1、大纲说明 本课程适用于英语教育专业的学生，属考查课。旨在帮助学生系统地掌握翻译基本理论及基础知识，初步掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和技能，使学生能将英汉对译成符合语法修辞规则、语句通顺、语义准确、忠实于原文的文章。本课程的重点、难点：词汇、语法和修辞。2、分章教学内容和教学要求章 次名 称学时目的、要求重点、难点教学重要内容第一、二章绪论翻译过程11对翻译地目的、性质及过程有了解翻译的定义、翻译的四个层次1、翻译的性质、定义2、翻译的标准3、翻译的四个层次第三章词汇的翻译6了解英汉词汇的差异；准确理解并正确翻译词汇语义范围、准确理解词义1、英汉语词义对比2、词义的准确理解3、词义的准确表达第四章词汇翻译技巧（上）8学会使用增词与减词法翻译技巧增词、减词1、弥合语法差异需要2、词义差异需要3、译文修辞以及语境需要第五章词汇翻译技巧（下）8不会使用词类转换法、反译法及分译法各类词的转换、正反译法1、词类转换法2、反译法3、分译法第六章句子的翻译10了解英、汉句子结构差异，学会使用不同技巧翻译句子句子的分译；长句的处理1、英汉句子结构对比2、替代与重复3、句子的分译4、英语长句的处理三、教学安排1、本期教学周教数为17周。2、教学方法与手段：讲、练结合，重在多读、多练习。3、考核办法：平时测试与期未考查相结合。4、教学进度表周 次授课章节与内容提要教 学 课 时教学方法备 注讲授实践作业合计讲、自学1第一章绪论第二章翻译的过程22讲、练2、3、4第三章词汇的翻译1、英汉词义对比2、词义的准确理解3、词义的准确表达36讲、练补充一些材料5、6、7、8第四章词汇翻译技巧（上）1、增词法2、减词法3238讲、练9、10、11、12、第五章词汇翻译技巧（下）1、词类转换法2、反译法3、分译法2248讲、练补充练习13、1415、1617第六章句子的翻译1、英汉句子结构对比2、替代与重复3、句子的分译4、英语长句的处理42410讲、练补充材料练习教案第三章词汇的翻译 一、前言英汉两种语言分属语言分属印欧语系和汉藏语系，两者之间存在着很大差异。这种差异首先反映在词汇上。与翻译关系比较密切的周素主要包括词义、词形和词的音律和节奏等。二、词汇的语义范围以英语中Kill一词为例，其含义和汉语中的“杀”相去甚远。例如：1）Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.在那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千万无辜的平民。2）Three men were killed in the accident . 有三个男子在事故中丧生。3）The engine was killed by the flood .汽车的引擎由于大水而熄了火。4）Your joke nearly kill me .你的笑话真是笑死人。三、词的搭配意义以pretty和handsome为死例。girl boy Boy manPretty women Handsome carflower vessel garden overcoat另外，在有些情况，诸如“水平”、“问题”、“情况”和“形势”等词，可以不必翻译出来。四、词义的准确理解词汇的翻泽并非首先取决于词义的准确理解。例如：1）I was shopping in a mall原译：我在一家商场购物。改译：我在一家购物中心购物。2）I wouldnt want my children to overhear you.原译：我不想让我的孩子偷听你们的谈话。改译：我不想让我的孩子们听到你们的（脏）话。3）Bridgeport, conn, isnt just Anyplace .原译：康涅狄克州的布里奇特波不是一个小城镇。改泽：康涅狄克州的布里奇特波不是一个小城镇。五、词义的准确表达。1）Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.周恩来举止文雅，待人体贴，在招他们坐下，询问他们的来意里后，甚至还有点腼腆。2）有时候老虎走近些，但对驴子敬而远之。原译：Sometimes the tiger ventured nearer, but still kept the donkey at a respectful distance.改译：Sometimes the tiger ventured nearer, but still kept a respectful distance from the donkey.3)The basic problem is that big cities are no conger functional A handful of cities New York, San Francisco, maybe Bostonare redefining their roles.译：根本的问题是，大城市已经无法运作少数几城市，如纽约、旧金山、也许还有波士顿，正在重新定位。第四章 词汇翻译技巧上增词法与减词法翻译有时需在译文中增加一些原文字面上没有的词语，有时则要将原文需要而译文显得多余的词去不译，前者称为增词法，后者称减词法。一弥合语法差异的需要1、冠词的增减1）When the visitors left ,Einstein made no reference to the meeting.客人离开后，爱因斯坦对这次会议只字未提。2）The train moved away so slowly that butter flies blew in and out the windows.火车开得非常缓慢，蝴蝶从窗口飞进又飞出。代词的增减：Calmly, mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind dashed to the window.母亲镇定地环顾四周，然后毫不畏惧地转身回到屋里，顺手关上门，一个箭步奔到窗口。2）梅春姐用手护着头，紧紧地缩着她的身子。Meichun, protecting her head with her arms, contracting her body.3、介词的增减：1）She was one of my colleagues at the university at which I taught.她是我任教的那所大学的同事。2）他已经把这事忘得一干二净了。He has forgotten all about it .4、关联词的增减：1)Even if you go there, there wont be any result.译一：去也不会有什么结果。译二：（你）去也百去。2）小孩子受了惊吓就会哭。Little children will cry when they are frightened.5、语气助词的增减1）What did being a woman in such an environment mean?在这种环境中做一个女人意味着什么呢？2）After all, what is more enviable than happiness!毕竟，还有什么能比快乐更令人羡慕呢？二、弥合词义差异的需要1）I wanted to be a man, and a man I am.我立志，做一个真正的人，我现在终于成了一个真正的人。2）When he was accused of theft ,he turned red.当有人指挥他犯有盗窃罪时，他脸色涨得通红。3）只有雨还在刷刷、刷刷地下着。Only the rain continued to pour.三、满足译文语境的需要1）Here nearly 48million people live in an area only slightly larger than Maryland.将近4800万人生活的这块地方只比美国马里兰州略大一点。2）这只是我的理解，我觉得有些牵强甚至走样，我觉得我懂真意却难以表述。This is only my personal understanding of the song, which I knew was a somewhat farfetched distortion of it .I could sense and feel its meaning but could not say it. 第五章 词汇翻译技巧（下）一、词类转换词类转换是指翻译时在保持原文内容不变的前提下，改变原文中某些词的词类以求译文通顺自然，合手译入语表达习惯。1、各词与动词的变换1）His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest.他因受贿而被捕。2）Exhaust gases from boilers ,vehicles, etc, cause pollution cities.锅炉和车辆等排出的废气，污染了城市空气。3）The flowers smell sweet.这些花气味芬芳。2、形容词与动词的互换1)She seemed to ignorant of the ways of the world.她好象不太懂世道常情了。2)He sat pensive and silent.他陷入沉思，坐在一边不再发言。3)The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed.老人躺在床上，彻底未眠。3、英语副词与汉语动词之间互换。1)So the next morning ,the conversation over, one look it up. 次日早晨，说话一结束，你就会去查查词典。2)This hat was in for a while last year.去年这种帽子流行了一阵子。3)The radio is on .收音机开着。4、英语介词词组与汉语动词之间的转换。1）Without plant ,life could not go on .没有植物，生命就无法延续。2）Machines work on electricity.机器靠电来运转。3）I was at the shop early.我早早地来到了店里。5、英语名词与汉语形容词的互换。1）There is no immediate hurry .这件事不急。2）The APE meeting in Shanghai was a great success.在上海召开的亚太经合组织会议非常成功。3）His words and deeds testify to his honesty.他的言行证明他是诚实的。二、反译法由于英汉两种语言的差异和思维方式的不同，有时候英语用否定形式表达的意义，汉语只能用肯定的形式来表达；英语用肯定形式表达的意义，汉语只能用否定的形式来表达。反之亦然。1、正话反说1）True, reading is far from the only source of knowledge.的确，阅读远非知识的唯一来源。2）He is no coward.他可是非常勇敢的。2、反说正说1）He lived in an insecure building.他住在一座危楼中。2）The schools to which black children went were hopelessly inadequate.黑人子女就读的学校严重不足。3）He admitted that there is a general lack of understanding of China by some countries and their people.他承认有不少国家和公众对中国的了解还不够。三、分译法分译也叫拆离，是指为了译文行文合手译入语的表达，习惯而将原文中个别的词或词组分解开来单独译出。1）Do not forget previous experiences but taken them as lessons for generations .前事不忘，后事之师也。2）The key to self-cultivation is to take ones mind just.修身在正真意3）It is an important catalyst to the cause of our liberation.这是促进我国解放事业时重要因素。第六章句子的翻译一、英汉句子结构的对比。1、英语主语显著，汉语主题显著1）This route to Boston takes too long.到波士顿走这条路费时太多。2）I dont believe that he should have done such things.他会干这种事我不相信。2、英主句子中主语的处理1）Ive been giving the thought some consideration.我一直在琢磨这个问题。2）My cousin working for a PH.D. degree at Cambridge.我的表妹在剑桥攻读博士学位。3）Its hard work ,but it has to be done.这是个苦活，可它还得被干。3、被动句中主语的处理1）They were defeated by themselves, rather than by their enemies.他们是被自己，而不是被敌人打败的。2）Your letter has been received.你的来信已经收到。3）Children should be taught not to lie.应该教育儿童不要撒谎。二、替代与重复英语与汉语的另一个重要差异就是，英语就重替代，汉语重重复。1）Ours is a great nation.我们的民族是一个伟大的民族。2）We all know that dogs and cats do not have histories while human being do.众所周知，狗和猫没有历史，而人类则有。3）Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and so does reform.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。）三、句子的分译1、英语长句的处理1）Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behaviorwhich had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice.译：遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一，当这种继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时，人类历史例开始了。2）He round the thought infinitely more enjoyable to focus on that the niggling fear that had been troubling him since his conversation with Fisher.译：那次与费布尔谈话后，总有些琐琐碎碎的事儿，一直困扰着他，使他有种莫名的担忧。如今集中精力做这种想法，比起那种杞人忧天来无疑要让人开心多了。2、核对原句，润饰译句So what do the Americans think of the foreign visitors who arrive for the torrid heat ,just when locals from the United States tended to avoid Death Valley?原译：美国本地人趋向于避开死谷，而外国旅游者却为炎热而至，对此美国人是怎么想的呢？改译：美国本地人对死谷避之惟恐不及，国外游客却纷纷为炎炎烈日而至，对此美国人是怎么看的呢？在线习题第三章1、把下列词不达意组译成汉语，注意汉语中词的不同搭配意义1)thick hair 2)thick weather 3)a thick puddle 4)a thick voice 5)a heavy meal 6)heavy reading 7)a heavy vote 8)a heavy investor 9)a heavy thinker2、把下列词组译成英语，注意英汉词语中词汇的意义范围不同1）开花 2）花领带 3）绣花鞋 4）花絮 5）老花眼 6）花色 7）上场 8）上乘 9）上当 10）上进 11）上宾 12）上班3、翻译下列各句，注意斜体部分词汇的内在意义1)Dont trust her comments on your new job ,she is sort of a fox.2)The old Black smith Jimmy is as good as good.3)There is no way to black out the news .4)I hope that the circumstance will not lead you to reject the offered olive branch.4、翻译下列各句，根据汉语表达习惯做适当的处理。1)His conduct is incongruous with his principles.2)Arent you sorry for what youve done?3)Perception is alien to me 4)Her new dream is an absolute dream.第四章1、试译下列句子，为弥合语法差异需要增加或减少某些词。1)The moon gives no light of its own .It merely reflects the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.( 省略冠词)2)Emma slept ,and when she woke ,she had a shower.(省略代词)3)Hotell staff wont be overly offerded if you dont tip(省略代词)4)Then what on earth do you want to de with it?(增加语气词)5)时间一分钟一分钟过去，前面那团红雾更红更亮了。（增加关联词）2、翻译下列句子，为弥合词义差异需要增词或减词。1）The refreat commenced in all haste.2）Her grace was a delight.3）There was a wide emptiness over the street .4）His arrogance made everyone dislike him.5）听到这个消息，他一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了酸醋。6）我看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。3、试译下列句子，为弥合修辞或语境的需要。1)Outside stood a little girl , dripping wet and shivering.2)The mail carrier could leave letters there for everyone for miles around.3)They went from one big town to another.4）她不喜欢他这样打扮，老里老气的，不像个青年人。5）他一个人跑到北海公园的土山上，徜徉了一个晚上。6）这放盐也不是一成不变的，要因人，因时而变。第五章1、试用转类法，翻译下列句子。1)After six months of separation I still missed her as much as ever.2)By the clasping of hands ,we were made to feel special.3)In a rare emotional response ,the congregation applauded in delight. 4)Online access was up more than 50 percent just the past year.5）他不爱多说话，但常常微笑。6）她们无微不至地照顾着那些残疾儿童。7）他关心别人胜过关心自己。2、试用反译法，翻译下列句子1)We live meagerly ,hit at the same time ,we blessed in many ways.2)Our friends were right about adopted children not being the same .3)I cant wait to see you again.4)If I dont give up ,I can succeed.5）没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。6）不等听完，刀子就失声痛哭起来。3、用分译法翻译下列各句。1)They swept past us in a flurry of laughter.2)He was a farmers son ,one of seven children.3)Youd better pull up your socks next term.4)The year 1997 will forever stand out in my memory.5）它那得意的神态，确实招人喜爱。6）科学是讲求实际的。7）三个人品字式坐了，随便谈了几句。第六章翻译下列句子，将主谓句译成主谓句。1)He had enjoyed being outdoors and had reveled in pitting his strength against the forces of mature.2)How can they break down the barriers of fear and hostility which have divided the two trade blocs?3)I pictured the faces of my has band and children .4)Nothing could dispel the sense of helplessness.4）你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。5）他用来买汽车保险的钱跟他用来买汽车本身的钱一样多。6）改了国籍，不等于就改了民族感情。3、运用所学方法翻译下列英语长句1)This, by the way ,is exactly what a marketing consultant I know did for a large telecommunications client.2)Having worked in advertising in Tokyo in the twenties, the rebel with a cause eventually made his way to Vancouer, where in 1989 the founded the magazine Adbusters and helped launch a movement called culture jamming.3)One number can now the used for all your different devices and communications ,thanks to a new system devised by a technology company which uses the science available in the hi-tech modern world.4、试核对原文，给译句润色，使之更符合汉语习惯。contempt.原译：十分钟后，整个大厅充满了闲谈、抱怨和由于受到蔑视而感到极为愤怒之声。2）He loved the way she looked, her mouth twitching between laughter rand disbelief.原译：他喜欢她看人时的那副神情，嘴巴在哈哈大笑和怀疑这间抽动了一下。3）The greatest thing in family life is to take a hint when a hint is intended-and not to take a hint when a hint is not intended.原译：家庭生活中最重要的是成员之间的心领神会，还需要心有灵犀一点通。 翻译模拟试题 一、True or False (11,10分)123456789101.Here is a pretty go ! 这事真难办。2.The old man is still full of go 这位老人仍然充满活力。3Honour roll 红榜。4.one can scarely pay too high price for liberty人们为自由几乎付出了太高的代价。5.She complained that she had been charged too much 她抱怨人们对她指控太多。6.She has a delicate ear for music 她崇尚音乐。7.green eye 绿魔8.blue books 黄色书刊。9.pull ones legs 开玩笑。10.He is no solider 他不是一个军人。二、Correctly match (11,10分)123456789101.one mans meat is another poison A.昙花一现2.much will have more B.拍马屁3.An ass in a lions skin C.骑虎难下4.wet blanket D.得寸进尺5.dead duck E.萝卜白菜各有所爱6.bad sailor F.竞选失败者7.hold a wolf by the ears G.画饼充饥8.a flash in the pan H.不受欢迎的人9.polish the apple I.狐假虎威10.feed on ones fancies J.容易晕船的人三、Translate the following into fourcharacter Chinese （四字成语）（11,10分）1.Provide timely help 2.meet ones waterloo3.Birds of a feather flock together4.towering (mountain) 5. perfect harmony6.gild the lily 7.an apple of ones eye 8. At the end of ones rope9.the queen of beauty 10.street gossip四、Translate the following into Chinese or English (11,10分) 1.a heavy thinker 2.Keep ones head over water 3.the long and the shout of it 4.an open question 5.A loss may turn out to be a gain 6.The brain doesnt lie in the beard 7.打官司8.上乘9.骄兵必败10.打抱不平五、Translate the following sentence into Chinese (11.5,20分)1.The two countries had equal shares of honours in the 2000 Olympic Game.2.There can never be too much deception in war.3.Putting myself in his shoes, I realized that someday they might pinch my feet.4.Even if you go there , there wont be any result .5.This is a passage quoted from Mark Twain.6.She seemed too ignorance of the ways of the world.7.They are hand in glove with each other. 8.The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed.9.This machine is far from being complicated.10. Her grace was a delight.11.They slip out one by one and I was left holding the baby.12.One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society, and finds himself an exile in his own land.13.He would be the last man to say such things.六、Translate the following sentences into English(11.5,20分)1、绿色奥运、人文奥运、科技奥运是北京申办2008奥运会的三大主题。2、她有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。3、那架飞机载着230名乘客降落在浦东机场。4、语法是他的一