高一英语 必修3 module3 the violence of nature.doc

戴氏教育精品堂培训学校名校冲刺教育中心戴氏戴氏教育温馨提醒：播下一个行动，收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。思想会变成语言，语言会变成行动，行动会变成习惯，习惯会变成性格。性格会影响人生！Module 3 The Violence of NatureThe Violence of Nature 基础自主回顾.课标单词1_灾难(n.)2_引起；导致(vt.)3_家具(n.)4_埋葬(vt.)5_发生(vi.)6_袭击(vt. & n)disastercausefurnitureburyoccurstrike 7_毁坏(vt.)8_以前的(adj.)9_损失；损害(n. & v)10_经历(vt.)_有经验的(adj.)11_猛烈的；激烈的(adj.)_暴力(n.)ruinpreviousdamageexperienceexperiencedviolentviolence 12_(火山的)爆发；喷发(vt.)_(n.)13_可能；可能性(n.)_(adj.)_(近义词)14_吓人的；可怕的(adj.)_感到害怕的(adj.)_使害怕(vt.)15_警告(n.)_(v.)erupteruptionpossibilitypossibllikely/probableterrifyingterrifiedterrifywarningwarn .常用短语1_拾起；搭载；偶然学会；卷起2_脱掉；去掉；起飞；兴旺3_翻身；翻动4_警告某人某事5_平均起来pick uptake offturn overwarn sb. of sth.on average 6_以结束7_纵火烧，放火烧8_在积极9_发生10_总共，总计11_涉及，提到；参考end up withset fire toset. on firebe active intake placein allrefer to .重点句型1They can destroy houses, but _ the furniture inside exactly _.它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。答案：leave; where it was2On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, _ about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1,500人受伤。答案：causing 3_， more than 700 people _ and 2,700 had been injured.等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。答案：By the time it ended; had been killed4Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean, only _.蒙特塞拉特岛是加勒比海上的一个美丽的小岛，长仅16千米，宽10千米。答案：16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide .模块语法1He said to me, “Please sit down.”He _ me to sit down.2Tom said, “Im going to London with my father.”Tom said _ going to London with his father.3He said, “You are younger than me.”He said I was younger than _.askedhe washim 4He said, “Mother, the house is on fire.”He told his mother _ the house _ on fire.5He said, “If I have enough time, Ill do it.”He said _ enough time, he _ it.6He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member？”He asked me _ a Party member or a League member.thatwasthat if he hadwould dowhether I was 7He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.”He _ the boys _ make so much noise.8The teacher said, “The world is made up of matter.”The teacher said that the world _ made up of matter.toldnot tois 9They said, “Well go there tomorrow.”They said that they _ go there _ next/ following day.10He said, “Im afraid I cant translate this book.”He said that he _ afraid _ translate _ book.wouldthewashe couldntthat 考点探究解密考 点 解 读1experience vt.，n.经历，经验My grandfather experienced great hardships in the old days. experienced adj.有经验的be experienced in 在方面有经验inexperienced adj.没有经验的，不熟练的learn by/through experience 从经验中学习an unforgettable experience 难忘的经历working experience 工作经验 注意：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，而作“经历”讲时是可数名词。误区警示：experience n“经验”不可数；“经历，体验”可数。Mr. Brown has thirty years teaching experience.布朗先生有30年的教学经验Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.昨天下午，弗兰克霍金斯正给我讲述他年轻时的经历。 朗文在线：The job requires no secretarial experience.这个职位无需秘书工作的经验。In my experience, these things never last very long.从我的经验来看，这些事情从未长久过。During the war they experienced at first hand the horror of night bombing raids.在战争期间，他们亲身体验了夜间空袭的恐惧。 命题方向：experience常与effort, skill等以词语辨析题的形式出现。活学巧练：(1)Hed like an _ (经验丰富的) doctor to treat him.(2) She has no _(经验)in cooking.(3) Please tell us of your _ (经历) while in Africa.(4) Have you ever _(体验) real hunger?experiencedexperienceexperiencesexperienced (5)In the afterclass activities, the students had plenty of _ and gained a lot of practical _.A. exercises; experienceB. practices; experienceC. practice; experienceD. exercise; experiences答案与解析：C句意：在课后活动中，学生拥有大量实践，从而获得许多实践经验。practice表示“实践”时为不可数名词，experience表示“经验”时也是不可数名词。 2cause n原因，起因；理由，缘故；事业，目标v.导致，使发生精讲拓展：cause and effect因果the cause of 的起因cause for complaint 抱怨的理由be in/for a good cause为了正义事业cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人去做某事cause sb. trouble/problems给某人带来麻烦/问题 误区警示：cause表示原因后接介词of时，是可数名词；cause表示理由后接介词for时，是不可数名词。朗文在线：What was the cause of the accident?那场事故的起因是什么？How many of them are sympathetic to our cause?他们当中有多少人同情我们的事业？Jimmys behaviour is causing me a lot of problems.吉米的所作所为给我带来许多麻烦。 命题方向：cause sb. to do sth. 与 cause (sb.) sth.是高考的重要考点。活学巧练：(1)The _ (原因) why he died young was that he didnt pay attention to his health.(2)Carelessness is often the _( 原因) of fires.(3)What _ (导致) your mother to do so?reasoncausecaused (4)Cold weather can _ the crops to die.AmakeBcauseClet Dhave答案与解析：BA、C、D三项都是使役动词，宾补的不定式不带to。 3strike v袭击，打击；逮住；给某人以印象n.打击，罢工The violent hurricane struck the city in midnight.be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工It strikes sb. that 某人突然想到striking adj.显著的，惊人的flood striken areas 洪涝灾区what strikes sb. most is.某人最感动的是 注意：指自然灾害侵袭某一地区时，可用strike也可用hit，但不可用beat或attack。误区警示：strike表示“突然想到，给予印象”时，往往是物作strike的主语，人作宾语。 朗文在线：The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her.她突然意识到事情可笑的一面。The police are forbidden to strike.警察被禁止罢工。The Boston police went on strike in 1919.1919年波士顿警察罢工。 词语辨析：strike，beat与hitstrike指用手或手中的东西给予一次打击或无目的的打击。beat指连续地、反复地打，但未表明打得多重或用什么打。hit指有目标地重重一击，hit也可作名词用，表示“打击，打，碰撞，讽刺，(演出等)成功”。命题方向：strike常与beat，hit等以词语辨析的形式出现在高考题中。 活学巧练：完成句子(1) A ball _(击中) him on the back of the head.(2)Tragedy _(突然发生 ) two days later when Tammy was in a serious car accident.(3) We were _ (打动) by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.(4) The church clock was _(打点)eleven when I reached the village.(5) Look at the waves _ (拍打) the shore.(6) The car _(撞上) a post and overturned.struckstruckstruckstrikingbeatinghit (7)It suddenly _ me how we could improve the situation.A. struck B. happenedC. occurred D. realized答案与解析：AB项应为something happened to sb.意为“某人发生了某事”；C项应为It occurred to me that.；D项应为sb. realized.。It suddenly struck me.我突然想到。句意：我突然想到一个办法可以让我们改善这种局面。 4ruin vt.破坏；毁坏；使破产；使堕落；n.毁灭；崩溃；废墟She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.精讲拓展：in ruins 一片废墟，落空bring.to ruin使毁灭，使落空fall into ruin已成废墟ruin oneself毁掉自己bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡 词语辨析：destroy，ruin，damage与spoildestroy彻底毁坏，不能修复使用，有毁灭的意思。ruin破坏，毁坏，与destroy接近，但程度稍轻。可用作名词，意为：毁灭，崩溃；废墟。damage损坏，可重新修好使用。可用作名词，意为 “损坏，损失”，为不可数名词。spoil损坏，把某物毁坏或破坏某种气氛而令人不快。 活学巧练：We had no rain for four months, and the harvest was _.A. damaging B. damagedC. ruining D. ruined答案与解析：Druin常用于比喻意义，表示希望、梦想等的“破灭，毁灭，崩溃”等。故收成受损应用ruin。damage表示对物体的损坏。 5end up结果为精讲拓展：end up withn.doing以结束(指以某种方式结束)end up inn.以结束(指以某种结果结束)bring/put. to an end使终止come to an end完毕，结束make ends meet收支相抵on end连续地；竖着，直立地 误区警示：end up in后接表示结果的名词，end up with后接表示伴随方式的名词性的词或短语。朗文在线：The film ended up with the heroine dying.在电影结束时，女主角去世了。Hell end up in prison if hes not careful.如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。We were going to go out, but ended up watching videos.我们原计划外出，但结果却是在家看录像。 命题方向：end up with与end up in是高考的重要考点。活学巧练：If you go on spending like this, youll end up _ a beggar.AasBforCinDby答案与解析：Aend up as a beggar最终沦为乞丐。 6put out扑灭，熄灭；关灯；给添麻烦精讲拓展：put aside忽视，忘记；攒钱put off 推迟put on伪装，上演，穿上put through接通(电话) put away储存put up张贴，举起put back拨回put forward提出put down(write down)记下put up with忍耐 误区警示：put out扑灭，熄灭，是及物动词短语。go out熄灭，不及物动词短语，无被动式。The fire went out without firewood.没有木头，火熄灭了。The fire was put out by the firemen.大火被消防队员扑灭了。 朗文在线：Joan put the fire out.琼扑灭了火。 He put out his cigarette.他熄灭了香烟。Will it put you out if I bring another guest?我要是多带一位客人来会不会给你添麻烦？ 命题方向：put构成的短语常以词语辨析的形式出现在考题中。活学巧练：The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _completely.A. turned down B. put outC. put away D. turned over答案与解析：B句意：森林守卫员经常发现未被完全扑灭的篝火。put out“扑灭火”；turn down “拒绝”；put away“收拾，储蓄”；turn over“翻转”。 7in all总共，总计We visited，in all,20 universities in the US.above all特别是；最重要的是after all到底，毕竟at all确实；根本first of all首先all the same尽管如此，仍 all of a suddenall at once突然all in all从各方面考虑(来说)all right好的；安全而健康all the better/harder更好，更努力all along一直，始终 (11)not at all(在别人表示谢意时使用)不客气，哪里的话(12)all over遍及(13)all but几乎，差不多(14)all or nothing全力以赴 误区警示：in all在句中常作状语而不可能作谓语。朗文在线：There were about 800 people in all.总共有800人左右。Does he get no pension at all?他一点儿养老金也没有拿到吗？命题方向：in all，at all，after all，above all常以词语辨析的形式出现在高考题中。 活学巧练：(1)If you want to discuss it with me _(确实), give me a ring.(2) Of course, hes exhausted. _(毕竟), hes been driving for ten straight hours.(3)Youve been nice to me _(一直)(4)It was _(几乎) impossible to climb back into the boat.(5) News of the holiday was _(人人皆知) the school within minutes.at allAfter allall alongall butall over 8pick up拾起，拿起；搭载；(无意中)学会；接收；收拾，整理；加(速度)；取(物)，接(人)；(健康、景气)恢复，变好pick out 选出；认出pick off 摘去，去除pick on 指责，挑剔误区警示：pick up是一个多义词，注意其使用的语境用义。 朗文在线：The school bus picks up the children three times every day.校车每天接孩子三次。He picked up English when traveling in America.他在美国旅行时学到了一些英语。The bus gradually picked up speed and disappeared.汽车逐渐加速后消失了。命题方向：考查pick的不同短语在语境中的辨析。 活学巧练：There were already five people in the car, but he managed _.A. picking me upB. picking up meC. to pick me up D. to pick up me答案与解析：C句意：在车里已经有五个人了，但他还是设法把我载上了。根据manage to do sth.设法做成某事，可排除A、B两项。pick up短语中up是副词，其宾语是代词时要置于两词之间。 9On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.平均来说，在美国每年有800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1,500人受伤。causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries 分词短语作状语，表示结果。Football is played in over 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 在80多个国家里都有足球这项体育活动，使它成为世界上最受欢迎的一项运动。 They have been discussing the problem for 2 hours, reaching no agreement at last.他们对这个问题一直讨论了两个小时，最后也没达成协议。 特别提示：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句中主语一致。Hearing the news, they got excited.听到消息，他们都很兴奋。分词短语表示结果与不定式表示结果的区别：分词短语表示动作自身造成的必然结果；不定式表示出乎意料的结果。 His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他父母去世，使他成了孤儿。I hurried there, only to find the door locked.我匆匆赶到那里，结果发现门锁着。 活学巧练：(2010成都检测)A lot of coal miners died on the job last year, _ the local government to shut nearly 500 small mines in Shanxi Province alone.A. forcing B. to forceC. forced D. has forced答案与解析：A现在分词短语作结果状语，表示所引发的必然后果，不定式则表示意想不到的后果。 10They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。leave宾语形容词/动词ing/过去分词asclause/whereclause让处于某种状态。此句型中宾语后接的形容词、现在分词、过去分词等用作宾语补足语。 活学巧练：汉译英(1)让一切保持原样。_(2)他们走了，让我孤零零一个人坐在那里。_(3)你把门窗关紧了吗？_(4)他的病使得他身体很虚弱。_Leave things as they are.They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?His illness has left him very weak. 11过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态由“had been过去分词”构成，表示某被动动作在过去某时或某动作前已发生或一直发生。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。 活学巧练：(1) It was reported that Mr. Smith _by the police for driving his car while drunk.A. killed B. had been shotC. caught D. had been caught(2)I was shocked to hear that your house _ into.A. was broken B. brokeC. had been broken D. have been broken (3)Were you late for the film?Yes. Half of it _ by the time we reached the cinema.Awas shown B. had been shownC. has been shown D. had shown(4)The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed答案：(1)D(2)C(3)B(4)B 12直接引语变间接引语时应注意以下事项(1)直接引语变间接引语时，下列情况中的that不可省略：当宾语从句作直接宾语时；当宾语从句中的状语位于从句句首时；当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个that，其余的不可省略。 (2)直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语时，宾语从句由whether或if引导，选择疑问句与反意疑问句也是如此。(3)直接引语为祈使句时，应注意常变为ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.句型。在lets开头的祈使句中，间接引语常变为suggest doing或suggest从句。(4)时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态不用变； 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态应变成相应的过去某种时态。 下列两种情况例外：1)若间接引语表示客观真理，则应仍采用一般现在时。2)直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语，变间接引语时时态不变。(5)指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化thisthatthesethosetodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforenowthentomorrowthe next/following dayheretherecomego 活学巧练：(1)They said that they would go there _.A. next day B. the next dayC. the other day Dthe followed day答案与解析：B在间接引语中“明天”要用the next day或the following day。不可误选C，C项意为前几天。 (2)He said that light _much faster than sound.A. traveled B. travelsC. is traveling D. had traveled答案与解析：B间接引语表示客观真理时用一般现在时态。 考 题 演 练1.We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _ violence.A. runs into B. comes fromC. leads to D. begins with答案与解析：C句意：我们坚信战争永远不能解决任何事情，它只能导致暴力。lead to为“导致”之意。 2There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicatingC. to indicate D. to be indicating答案与解析：B本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。此处为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰evidence，二者之间为主谓关系。 3I cant leave. She told me that I _ stay here until she comes back.A. can B. mustC. will D. may答案与解析：B本题考查情态动词。注意常用情态动词的基本用法。句意：我不能走，她叫我必须待在这里直到她回来。情态动词must此处意为“必须”。 4In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chanceC. mark D. measure答案与解析：A本题考查名词词义的辨析。A项“信号”；B项“机会”；C项“记号”；D项“措施”。句中it代替“铃响时教师合上书”这件事，而“它”正是大家要起立的“信号”。 5What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!A. a; a B. the; aC. a; the D. the; the答案与解析：C本题考查冠词的用法。注意区分泛指和特指。句意：你不能去那里领奖简直太遗憾了！第一空为泛指，表示“一件令人遗憾的事”；第二空表示“得到的奖品”，为特指。 6He _ as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.A. regarded B. was regardedC. has regarded D. had been regarded答案与解析：B考查regard. as.把认为是。 7What are you reading, Tom?Im not really reading, just _ the pages.A. turning off B. turning aroundC. turning over D. turning up答案与解析：C考查“动词介词/副词”短语间的区别。本题考查turn构成的动词短语。第二句句意：我没在真正看书，我只是在翻书。turn over“翻过一页书(纸)”，符合句意。turn off“关闭”；turn around“完成；提供；生产出”；turn up“调大；出现；发生”。 8Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _.A. on purpose B. in allC. on time D. after all答案与解析：D考查短语的用法。A项为“故意地”；B项为“总共”；C项为“按时”；D项为“毕竟”。句意为：你为什么如此地焦急？毕竟不是你的问题。 9Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damagingC. damaged D. will damage答案与解析：B注意不同时态的不同涵义。根据because引导的原因状语的时态，可知前面的时态。 Module 3The Violence of Nature .根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空causeput outstrikeburytake placeterrifyend up inwarndamageinjure1The boss told the clerk that the trouble _ by his carelessness was very serious.答案：caused 2Without firemen the villagers around tried many ways _ the fire.答案：to put out 3When you are caught in a storm, dont stand under a tree, or a lightning may _.答案：strike4The flood did little _because people had made full preparations.答案： damage5If you dont make efforts，it is quite possible that you will _ failure.答案：end up in 6People _ of the dangerous animal didnt dare to come out at night.答案：warned7. He met with an accident and there were several _ on his body.答案：injuries 8Mary was _ at the scene when she saw what had happened.答案：terrified 9The man living downstairs _ his head under his pillow (枕头 ) because there were young men singing loudly upstairs.答案：buried10Great changes _ in my hometown in the past few years.答案：have taken place .单项填空1There was left_smoke after the plane flew away.Aa line ofBa column ofCa pile of Da row of答案与解析：B本句意为“飞机飞过后，留下一根烟柱”。a column of意为“一柱”；a line of和a row of是“一排，一行”的意思；a pile of意为“一堆”。 2No one would like to_failures in life but it is a natural part in anyones life.Apass BhaveCexperience Dthrough答案与解析：C本句意为“没有人想体验失败，但它是人的生活中的很自然的一部分”。experience意为“体验，经历”，pass和have在这里不能和failure搭配；through是介词不能独自构成不定式。 3What_you to accept his unfair agreement? Which of the following is wrong?Acause BledCget Dmade答案与解析：Dcause, lead和get都可以接宾语，再接动词不定式作宾补；make接宾语后可以再接不带to的不定式作宾补。 4On_latitude of South Hemisphere (半球) and North Hemisphere, the seasons are just the opposite, for example, summer and winter.Athe same BdifferentCsimilar Dopposite答案与解析：A在南、北半球，只有纬度相等，才能季节相反。严格地讲，相似的纬度不能形成相反的季节。 5He_his head under his pillow because of the noise from upstairs. But he still couldnt _ asleep.Aburied; go Bplaced; wentCburied; fall Dlaid; go to答案与解析：C本句意为“由于楼上的噪音，他把头压在枕头底下，但还是不能入睡”。第一个空只能用bury，这里不能用place或lay，不是简单地“放置”；fall asleep是“入睡”的意思，还可以说go to sleep。 6It_to me that we still have many things to do, so I went back to my office at once.Ahappened Btook placeCbroke out Doccurred答案与解析：D本句意为“我突然想起还有很多事