unit4导学.doc

Unit 4 Whats in FashionUnit 4 Whats in Fashion单元知识梳理重点短语 school uniforms evening dress casual clothes have an interview go with work out hold on cant stop doing fall for pop into in general chain stores according to take risks even if apply for in charge of be involved with重点句型I dont know what to wear today.How about this tie? Does it go with this suit?School uniforms prevent self-expression.You may have a point . But I still cant agree with you.Even if I had the money, I would think of all the other things I could spend it on . 重点语法 定语从句的结构和用法词汇扩充 creativity n. 创造性，创造力；创作能力 firm n. 公司，商行 publicity n. 公众的注意；宣传 ideal adj. 满意的 photographer n. 摄影师 project n. 项目；计划；方案 product n. 产品；产物 columnist n. 专栏作家 cosmetic n. 化妆品（常用复数）. Warming-up, Listening & Speaking 教材导学 1. Asking for opinions Giving opinions Do you ( really ) think that.? I (really ) feel that . How do you feel about.? In my opinion, . Is that OK? If you ask me, . 2. Have a date 有个约会；有个约定 have a party 举行聚会 have an interview 面试 类似的短语有： have an appointment (with ) 和有个预约 have a look (at) 看看 have a bath/ shower 洗澡 have a meeting 有个会议 have a cold 感冒 have a rest/ break 休息 have a fever 发烧 have a talk 交谈 have a try 试试 have a good time 过得高兴 have a picnic 野餐3. Why dont you wear the new one Jack got for the birthday?“ Jack got for the birthday ”是定语，修饰the new one , 前面省略引导词that 。 4. Im sure youll do well. Im not sure whether/ if . 我不能确信是不是. , 后面是由if/ whether 引导的宾语从句。 sure 常搭配的词组有: be sure to do 一定做某事 be sure of /about sth. 对某事有把握be sure that . 肯定. make sure of 确保make sure that . 确保. , 弄明白. 例如：Im sure that we will have fine weather for our picnic.我敢肯定我们野餐时天气一定很好。Mary is sure to come this afternoon.玛丽今天下午一定来。Hes sure of passing the exam.他确信考试会及格。Hes made sure of the time and place.他确定了时间和地点。Can you make sure that you will succeed?你能确保成功吗？5. I dont know what to wear today.疑问词+不定式的构成：由疑问代词who, whom, what, which; 疑问副词when, how, where等+不定式构成。例如：Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 选择吃什么,已经不像以前那么简单了。How to describe people is todays topic. 如何描述人物是今天的话题。疑问词+不定式的功能：在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。(1) 作主语How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn. 我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。(2) 作宾语作动词的宾语We have to start somewhere if we want to learn how to write plays我们要学习写剧本，总得有个开头。作介词的宾语We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat. 我们最好能学会正确选择吃什么、怎么吃。When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do, you can use should / ought to or should not /ought not to. 当你想要建议某人做什么或者不做什么时，你可以用should / ought to 或者 should not / ought not to。(3) 作表语My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。 6. Does it go with this suit? go with sb./ sth. 陪伴；与.有相同的观点；配合，适合例如: everyone should go with the times. 每个人都应该与时俱进。This tie doesnt go well with your suit. 这条领带和你的西装不太配。7. I still cant agree with you . agree with (1) agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。 Does she agree with us? 她同意我们的意见吗? (2) agree with 还有“与一致”，“(气候、食物等)适 合”的意思。 His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。 Too much meat doesnt agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。 注意agree with不能用于被动语态。 agree to 意为同意，赞成，后面跟表示提议，办法，计划，安排等的名词或代词。 Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。 agree on 表示“对取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。 After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 8.The new trend here is working out in the cold. work out 在该句中意为“锻炼”。 (1) 锻炼，练习 No matter what the weather is like, my sister works out in the gym every day. 无论天气如何，我妹妹每天去体育馆锻炼。 (2) 计算出；解决（问题） Im just trying to work out how much I spend each month. 我正在计算我每月的开销。 (3)详细拟定(计划，方案等) Mr. Lius doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him. 刘先生的医生已为他制定出安全的治疗效果。 (4) 被努力完成；成功地发展；有预期的效果 Im glad to say that everything has worked out in the dorm. 我很高兴，寝室里一切事宜进展是顺利。 9. Hold on . This is really hard! 等一下，这个太难了。 hold on 意为“坚持住、挺住”，例如： How much longer do you think we can hold on? 你认为我们还能坚持多久？ hold on 还可以表示“（打电话用语） 别挂断”，例如： Can you hold on? I will see if he is here. 别挂断， 我去看看他在不在。反馈训练一、单项选择 ( ) 1. The meeting lasted two hours and finally they agreed _the price of the new product. A. to B. with C. on D.about ( ) 2. Last winter it was so cold that some old men _ to death. A. froze B. frozen C. freezed D. freezing ( ) 3. Dont worry . The climate here will _ you before long. A. agree with B. get used to C. be fit for D . get on with ( ) 4. The tie goes perfect _ your suit. A. to B. away C. with D. on ( ) 5. I dont know_to do with the problem _they are facing. A. what; what B. how; / C. what; / D. how; that ( ) 6. _my opinion, the trousers dont go _ your shoes. A. To ; with B. In; with C. To; on D. In; on ( ) 7. How about _ a trip to Qingdao this summer? A. we take B. taking C. to make D. we making ( ) 8. We must _the children _ noises outside the classroom or we cant go on with our class. A. stop; to make B. keep; for making C. prevent; from making D. let; make( ) 9. I dont have _ to tell you . A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. Important anything( ) 10. How long did it take the hardworking student to_ the maths problem. A. working out B. work at C. work out D.work on二、翻译句子1.Things have worked out quite well for us. .2. Have you worked out the answer? .3.She is working out in the gym. .4. The new term is coming. Ill work out a plan for my study 5. Im trying to work out how much I spend each month. Reading and Writing，Further Reading 教材导学 1.Why should I fall for the designerstricks, which are only to donatemy money to them? 那不过是设计者骗我给他们“捐钱”的圈套罢了，我为什么要相信呢？ (1) fall for ones tricks 意为“中某人的诡计”。 例如: I failed because I fell for his tricks. Trick 也可以做动词，trick sb. Into doing sth. 意为“哄骗某人做某事”。(2)which are only to donatemy money to them? 是非限制性定语从句，修饰designers tricks.(3)donate . to . 把.捐赠给 .donation n. 捐赠 make a donation to . 向 . 捐款 例如：The writer donated all his books to the city library.这位作家把他所有的书捐给了市图书馆。She made a donation of $ 2 million to the Childrens Hospital.她给了儿童医院一笔两百万的捐款。2. Designer brands, in general, are for people who dont trust their own taste. 通常，设计师品牌是为那些不相信自己审美能力的人设计的。 in general 意为“通常，大体上”相当于 normally, usually, mainly. 例如：In general， we have no class at weekend. 通常我们周末没有课。3. I find it much more satisfying to pop into one of the cheap chain stores on the High Street and buy a copy of the designerclothes for a tenth of the price . 我更喜欢一头扎进商业街上的某家评价连锁店，花原价十分之一的钱买一件设计品牌的仿制品。 (1) it 在该句中为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式短语。 一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。所以 it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。例如： Even now I find it hard to believe her story. 即使现在我发现仍相信她的话。 I find it difficult to talk to you. 我觉得同你谈话很难。 I thought it strange that she hadnt written. 她没有写信，我感到奇怪。 George made it clear what he wanted. 乔治说得很明白他要什么。 He considered it his duty to go to the front. 他认为上前线是他的责任 (2) pop into 意为“急急走进”。例：some students popped into the office to ask for help.(3)a tenth of 意为“十分之一”。英语中分数的表达，分子要用基数词，分母用序数词。如果分子大于1，分母必须用复数形式：例：13a（one）third ；23two thirds；14a（one）quarter（或fourth）；37three sevenths4. OK , you have to use your skill to find the one item in three that looks great . But its worth it. 是，你得用点技巧从一堆东西中挑出那看起来确实很棒的一件。但这很值得。 worth在句中用作形容词，意为“值得（费周折）”。也可以做名词意为“价值”。 worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意思为“值的”、“有价值的”、“值得的”。后接名词、接动名词的主动形式。例：This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most.这辆二手车最多值2000美元。The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting. 这个展览值得看。worthy可作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值得的”、“应得到的”，其后接of sth.，也可以后接to do sth.，例如：This phenomenon is worthy of being studied. 这种现象值得研究。 This problem is worthy to be considered. 这个问题值得考虑。 This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本有价值的英汉词典。 注：“worthy of+动名词”与“worth+动名词”在形式上完全不同：worthy of后面接被动式的动名词；而worth后面接主动式的动名词，虽然在形式上是主动的，但其意义仍然是被动的。试比较： The second-hand house is worthy of being bought. The second-hand house is worth buying. worthwhile与worthy一样，既可作表语，又可作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。用作表语时，可接动名词或动词不定式。例如：The Summer Palace is worthwhile going / to go to have a visit.5. This is the best news Ive heard all week. It means that young people trust their judgment. They are prepared to take risks to look individual.(1)“ Ive heard all week”作“news” 的定语，因为先行词News 被形容词的最高级best 所修饰，所以引导词用that ，that在此句中被省略。(2) mean (meant, meant) v. 意思是；意味着；打算 mean to do sth. 打算做. mMean doing sth. 意味着做. 例如： I meant to give my mother a birthday present, but I forgot.我本打算送我妈妈生日礼物的，但是我忘记了。 I will not wait if it means delaying more than two days.如果这意味着要延迟两天多的时间，我将不再等待。(3) prepared在此处意为“愿意”。be (well) prepared to do sth. 表示有能力而且愿意做 . 例：all the students are well prepared to take the final exams.学生们准备好了参加期末考试。prepare 是动词， 意为“准备”，常用句型有：prepare to do sth. 准备做某事prepare for sth. 是“为. 做准备”， for 是准备的目的。prepare sth. for . 是“为. 准备某物”prepare sb. for sth. 是“使某人对. 进行准备”prepare sb. to do sth. 是“使某人准备做某事”(4)take risks 意为“冒险（做某事）”例如： you will take the risk of cutting your feet if you dont wear your shoes.如果你不穿鞋，你就有把脚割破的危险。6.Even if I had the money, I would think of all the other things I could spend it on. even if引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。 例如：Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 因为even 从句的内容通常是假设性的，所以有时还可以用于虚拟语气， 例如：Even if he had the money ,he would not buy it. 虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设，长用于if条件状语从句中，虚拟语气语气在条件状语从句中的应用有三种时态。具体见下表:相关时态If 从句形式主句形式表示现在过去式（be用were）would/should/could/might等+动词原型表示过去Had+过去分词would/should/could/might等+have+过去分词表示将来（1）过去式（2）should+V(3)were to+Vwould/should/could/might等+动词原型反馈训练一、单项选择( ) 1. Jim found _ great fun to learn driving a car. A. this B.that C. what D. it ( ) 2. His talk on Information Technology is worth _ . A. being listening to B. of being listening to C. to listening to D. listening to ( ) 3. The researchers were _ with the experiment results. A. satisfied B. satisfying C. satisfaction D. satisfy ( ) 4. In my opinion, every dish on the table _ delicious. A. taste B. are tasted C. tastes D. is tasted ( ) 5. Peter _ $ 5000 for a new car last week. A. bought B. paid C. spent D. cost ( ) 6. I dont give up _ I should fail again. A. even B. since C. even though D. as though ( )7. _your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I could have received B. If I received C. If I should receive D. If I had received ( ) 8. The meeting _ next Sunday is of great importance. A. to be held B. being held C. held D. will held ( ) 9. _out a piece of paper, he was prepared_a letter. A. to take; write B. taken; writing C. taking; to write D. being taken; for writing( ) 10. What position do you want to apply in our company? A.with B. for C. to D. at 2、 词汇互译 1. 一般来说 2.即使 3.连锁店 4.追随时尚 5.一副太阳镜 6.信以为真 7.trust ones judgment 8. pop into 9.donate . to . 10.go wrong 11. according to a survey 12.take risks to do sth. . Language in use 教材导学 1.音节划分的要素: （1）一个音节至少有一个元音字母。即a,e,i,o,或 u, 有时也可以是y。例如： re/fuse,un/com/for/ta/ble, jum/ping, for/ty, a/voi/ded （2）加前缀时，前缀单独划为一个或一个以上的音节。例如： dis/like，be/head, o/ver/sleep, su/per/man, im/pos/si/ble （3）加后缀时，后缀不影响其他音节的划分。例如： seek/ers, fall/ing, dif/fer/ent, paint/er, pass/a/ble多数后缀如-ing, -ed, -ment, -ty,单独划分音节。 （4）如果后缀-ed 加在以-t或-d 结尾的单词后面，发/-id/, 则构成一个音节，拼写时可单独划分为一个音节；反之，其他情况下不算一个独立的音节。如：pre/dict/ed, fin/ished, fol/lowed. un/fogged2.定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系词用来练习定语从句和它的先行词，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。限制性定语从句：在形式上不用逗号和主句隔开。在意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 （1）关系代词的用法： who 指人，做主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)。例如： A person who steals things is called a thief.偷东西的人被称为贼。 He is the man who I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天看见的那个人。 whom 指人，作宾语(可以省略)。如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。例如： Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。 They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。 whose 在定语从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达某人的、某物的之意。例如： Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ? 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？ Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。 which 用于代替表示事物意义的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如： Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept . 那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。 Ive got a novel which you may like to read . 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。 that 指人或指物，在句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如： Views that (which ) are entirely new may also be hard to accept . 那些全新的观点或许也很难被接受。 Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government . 工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。在下面几种情况下必须用关系代词that引导定语从句: 先行词是不定代词all ,few,little,everything ,nothing anything,none等。如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。如： This is the best movie Ive ever seen. 这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。 先行词被all, any ,every ,each, few,little, no ,some等修饰时。如： I have read all the books(that )you gave me. 我读了你给我的所有的书。 先行词被the only , the every ,the same, the last 修饰时。如： He is the only person that I want to talk to . 他就是我要谈话的那个人。 当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时。如： They are talking about thins and persons that they remembered. 他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。 为避免重复，在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中。如： Who is the girl that is crying ? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours 从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的？ 用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day, time , moment 代替when 。如： It happened on the day that/when he was born 这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。 如果有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which则另一个用that 。如： The country built up a factory which produced things that have never been seen before. 这个国家建立了一个工厂，生产以前未曾见到过的东西。 主句以there be开头。例如： This is a seat in the corner that is still free.那个角落还有个座位空着。（2） 关系副词的用法 when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。例如：I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 我仍然记得我第一次到学校的那天。 The time when we got together finally came. 我们团聚的时候终于到来了。 where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。例如： Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。例如： Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear， From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born。 非限制性定语从句：在形式上，用逗号和主句隔开。在意义上是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍然完整。 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother，who loves him very much， is strict with him. China， which was founded in 1949， is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥） His brother， who is now a doctor， always encourages him to