课标话题训练.doc

课标话题训练 社会生活A （2015，课标II， A）My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.1. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?AHe got an older model than he had expected.BHe couldnt return it when it was broken.CHe could have bought it at a lower price.DHe failed to find any movie shows on it.2. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?Aended all their programs B. provided fewer channels Cchanged to commercials D. showed all-night movies3. How did the author finally get this TV set working again?A. By shaking and hitting it B. By turning it on and offC. By switching channels D. By having it repaired4. How does the author sound when telling the story?A. Curious B.Anxious C. Cautious D. HumorousB. (2015北京卷，A)The Boy Made It!One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didnt, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show Man vs. Wild.Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.5. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold.6. How did Nicholas keep himself warm?A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches.C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.7. On Tuesday, Nicholas .A. returned to his shelter safely. B. was saved by a searcher.C. got stuck in the snow D. stayed where he was8. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .A. did the right things in the dangerous situation.B. watched Grylls TV program regularlyC. created some tips for survival D. was very hard-workingC (2015江苏卷C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get invlved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet those needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivation of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community serrvice, some schools have launched compulsory programmes. Unfortunately, these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because its important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because Im required to do so.”) When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfactions as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was estimated that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering at Hospitals is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers expectations, they focused a positive cohesion(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the lengths of time people continued to volunteer. These result, once again, lead to concrete advice. “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity Items like T-shirt that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.9. People volunteer mainly out of_.A. academic requirements B. social expectations C. financial rewards D.internal needs10. What can we learn from Florida study?A. Follow- up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared. C. Strategy training is a must in research.D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.11. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A. individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.12. What is the best title of the passage? A. How to Get people to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behavior C. How to Keep volunteers Interest D. How to Organize Volunteers ActivitiesD(2015北京卷D)Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate. However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parentstodays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not beena barrier. Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their collegechildren. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither g