重庆市渝中区高考英语阅读理解4月训练题（16）(1).doc

重庆市渝中区2014高考英语阅读理解4月训练题（16）及答案【2013界广东省湛江市二模】 as the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. they can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. but this does nothing to break the spell(魔咒).according to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the worlds population are always procrastinating. the figures are disappointing. procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who dont delay. procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior, but bbc columnist rowan pelling says they are all wrong.many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. the behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的）in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. piers steel, a canadian social scientist and author of the procrastination equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.41.from the first two paragraphs we can learn that _.a.procrastination is beneficial to many studentsb.many students are under great pressure in their studyc.lots of college students are working hard to write good articles on timed.many students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks【答案】d 【解析】段落大意题。根据中心句procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间的习惯，故选d。42.according to the passage, procrastination probably refers to _.a. a bad habit b. a serious illness c. a difficult task d. a form of entertainment【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，故选a。43.which of the following statements is wrong?a.procrastination makes people waste their time.b.procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.c.swift action is considered as a moral standard in the society.d.procrastination is common among people.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧，会出现更多的错误，选项b叙述的是拖延时间有可能完成 工作更好，这与原文不符，故选b。44.which behavior belongs to procrastination?a.never dream away the time.b.always complete the tasks ahead of time.c.never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.d.always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.【答案】d 【解析】细节理解题。根据procrastination is the thief of time拖延时间就是开始有任务时不做，等到自己感觉有好心情了，有好时机了在做，故选d。45.what is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?a.measures to deal with procrastination.b.approaches to handling the study pressures.c.more examples to illustrate procrastination.d.introduction to the book the procrastination equation.【答案】a【解析】推理判断题。根据nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.既然存在拖延时间的坏习惯，那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯，故选a。passage twenty-eight (chemistry and biology)about a century ago, the swedish physical scientist arrhenius proposed a low of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. according to his equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches absolute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop. however, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry. specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.the rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. s chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. in classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the well, the height of which remain constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. in tunneling, the reacting molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.this tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees kelvin. cosmic rays might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. after i offered my hupothesis, hoyle and wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.1. the author is mainly concerned with a. describing how the principles of classical chemistry were developed. initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical reaction required for the development of life.c. explaining how current research in chemistry may be related to broader biological concerns.d. clarifying inherent ambiguities in the laws of classical chemistry.2. in which of the following ways are the mentioned chemical reactions and tunneling reactions alike?a. in both, reacting molecules have to rise over the barrier between the two wells. in both types of reactions, a transition is made from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another.c. in both types of reactions, reacting molecules are able to go through the barrier between the two wells.d. in neither type of reaction does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on its activation energy.3. the authors attitude toward the theory of a cold prehistory of life can best be described asa. neutral. . skeptical.c. mildly positive. d. very supportive.4. which of the following best describes the hypothesis of hoyle and wickramasinghe?a. molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules. interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by tunneling.c. cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic molecules.d. the galactic clouds are the places where prebilogical evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.vocabulary1. arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程式2. arrhennius (svante august) 18591927 瑞典理化学家。1903年获诺贝尔化 学奖3. quantum-mechanical effect 量子机械效应4. quantum mechanic 量子力学5. tunnel 挖隧道。这里指贯穿势垒6. tunnel through, onto 穿到进到，贯穿7. repulsive 排斥8. activation energy 活化能量9. formaldehyde 甲醛10. polysaccharide 多糖醇，聚合酶11. cellulose 纤维素12. starch 淀粉13. galactic 银河的，巨大的14. come into play 开始活动/起作用难句译注1. however, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry.2. specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.3. recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.写作方法与文章大意 文章论述了“贯穿势垒效应”，采用对比手法。先是经典化学定理和贯穿势垒效应之比较。说明两者使用的温度界限不同。低温时贯穿势垒效应作用取代经典力学。最后贯穿势垒现象和生活领域之关系。答案祥解1. c. 说明现在化学研究如何能和更广泛的生物学领域有关。最后一段基本上都是谈与生化的关系。“极低温时的贯穿势垒现象证明我对寒冷的史前生命的假说：在外层空间极其寒冷处，温度一般只有k的几度光景，有相当复杂的有机分子形成。宇宙射线可能激发诸如星际甲醛单分子在星际尘埃的乌云中综合。以后，复杂的有机分子，慢慢的，但稳定的通过贯穿势垒的方式形成。”后又有两位化学家提出“星际甲醛分子确实进化为类似纤维素和淀粉等多糖酶。”他们的结论虽有争议，却实在令人振奋，特别是文章之作者，因为他正提出“巨大的云块这些地方，发生过生命所必须的前生物进化化合物。”a. 描述经典化学定理如何发展。 b. 开展一场有关生命进化所需的那种化学反应的辩论。 c. 搞清楚经典化学定理所固有的模糊点。2. b. 两类反应中，都有一个从一个势阱底部到另一个势阱底部的跃迁。见第二段第三句起“化学反应跟分子从一个势阱的底部到另一个势阱的底部的跃迁相类似。在经典化学中，这种跃迁只有跨过两阱之间势垒才能完成。位垒之高度为常数（固定不变）。这种跃迁叫做能量活化。在贯穿势垒效应中作反应的分子从一个势阱的底部通到另一个势阱底部不需要上升跨越两阱之间的位垒。”a. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都需跨越两阱间的栏栅。 c. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都能穿过两阱之间的位垒。 d. 两类反应中，没有一种化学反应的速率取决于能量活化。 这三项都不对， 见上文。3. c. 有点肯定。 见第1题答案注释译文。因为证实了作者之假设。a. 中立。 b. 怀疑的。 d. 非常支持。4. a. 星际甲醛分子可以进化到复杂的有机分子。见第1题c答案注释译文。b. 星际甲醛分子可以通过贯穿势垒方式加以综合。 c. 宇宙射线可以直接综合复杂的有机分子。 d. 大块云团是生命所需复合物前生物进化发生的地方。这三项也可从第1题c答案注译译文看出其错误点。 阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b/c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 【2013界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】- awe live in central phoenix, near the canal. every day i used to see a homeless old man and his scruffy little dog hanging out down there.i would tell my husband we should give him food for the little dog. it wouldnt have been a problem; we have our own mini farm of animals! but he would say ok! and then blow the idea off because of our business.being in phoenix, arizona, you can just imagine how hot it gets here, but his winter was really chilly! i had just come from kfc with take-out food for dinner. as i was turning by the canal, the man and his dog were sitting right there all bundled up. even the doggy had a coat on! not even thinking about it, i pulled into the parking lot along the canal and piled up a plate of chicken with al the fixings for the man and his little buddy. i gave it to him with a soda and a bottle of water for the little dog. he said, thank you, sweetie. you are an angel. and there were tears welling up in his eyes! i told him he ws so welcome, and then went home.when my husband dug into the kfc gag he asked, were you hungry, or what? i told him what i did and he said, only you! then he told me i had done a good thing.a few weeks later, we were walking along the canal and found the man walking to me, with his little dog. he asked whether i would mind adopting the dog. with tears in eyes, he said it had gotten too hard for him to care for the dog. he added that he was planning on heading to washington state but his dog wouldnt have been up to it, so he hoped to give it to me. only you! in this city, you are the only person i can believe in!now, every time i watch and pat the puppy lying near the fireplace, i will recall the old mans words and wish him good luck.the author and her husband didnt kelp the old man at the beginning because _ a.they had a farm of animals to feed b.they didnt have food even for themselves. c.they worked busily and often forget it. d.they were unwilling to help a man with a dog.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“but he would say ok! and then blow the idea off because of our business.”可知我们一开始没有帮助老人是因为生意太忙，而忘记了。故选c。what can we learn about the author from paragraph 3? a. she gave the old man some food on a cold day. b. she met the old man after finishing her dinner. c. she offered the old man nothing but chicken. d. she burst into tears after helping the old man.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由“i pulled into the parking lot along the canal and piled up a plate of chicken with al the fixings for the man and his little buddy. i gave it to him with a soda and a bottle of water for the little dog.”可知在那个寒冷的日子，作者给了老人一些食物。what did the authors husband feel when she told him what she had done? a. grateful. b. delighted c. indifferent d. disappointed【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由“then he told me i had done a good thing.”可知作者的丈夫为她所做的事情感到高兴。故选b。why did the old man hope to give the dog to the author? a. because he knew thee author was also a dog lover. b. because the author was the person he could trust. c. because the author was the only person he knew. d. because he believed that his dog liked the author.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由only you! in this city, you are the only person i can believe in!可知老人把狗给她，是因为她是老人信任的人。故选b。what can we infer from the ending of the passage? a. the author refused the old mans request. b. the author misses the old man and his dog. c. the author feels the old man was very lucky. d. the author adopted the old mans dog.【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“every time i watch and pat the puppy lying near the fireplace,”可知作者收养了老人的狗。故选d. 【2013界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】 parents need to be good role models to help their children make sensible financial decisions, according to adam hancock and his team, from east caronlina university in the us. their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years. their work is published online in springers journal of family and economic issues. credit card debt among college students has been a growing concern for researchers and policymakers over the last decade. in addition, there is growing concern among educators that more students are dropping out of school, not because of academic failure, but because of financial reasons, and credit card especially. hancock and colleagues study is the first to examine how parental interactions, and financial knowledge and attitudes may have a cumulative effect（累积效应）on the number of credit cards students own and their level of credit card debt. the researchers analyzed data for 420 undergraduate students from seven different american universities, who took part in the college student financial literacy survey. according to the online survey, nearly two-thirds of students had a credit card, and nearly a third had more than one. those students who reported that their parents argued about finances were more likely to have more than two cards than the students whose parents who did not argue about finances.in terms of debt, those students who had two or more credit cards were nearly three times more likely to report having credit card debt over 500.the researchers conclude, it is clear that the influence of parents cannot be neglected. researchers, educators and policymakers should work in finding effective ways to increase the positive financial behaviors fo college students. we need to help students learn financial skills and establish healthy financial attitudes at earlier ages to prevent poor financial habits from taking root.in adam hancocks research, students credit card debt is related to their _. a.knowledge b.concerns c.school d.parents【答案】d 【解析】细节理解题。由“their work highlig