2011学年上海市高三英语一模——回答问题.docVIP

2012届（2011学年）上海市高三英语一模回答问题（宝山）Aware that the financial crisis could spread to other sections, the Fed has moved remarkably aggressively, cutting rates by 1.25 percentage points in eight daysa rate-cutting spree(无节制行为) almost unheard of in central banking history. The Fed now has cut rates five times by accumulative(累积的) 2.25 percentage pointsand there is no sign that the Fed is done. Thanks to the strategies of Hank Paulson, George Bush soon will sign a bill that will pump some $150 billion into the American economy for U.S. consumers to spend. That kind of coordination(协调) between fiscal and monetary authorities is as exceptional as it is both swift and impressive.Sure, the Cassandras are disobeying the Feds actions. Bernanke has been criticized for everything from catering to Wall Street traders to still being behind the curve. But opinions are like a noseeverybody has one. The current noise of criticism against Bernanke is a lot like baseball fans, screaming “throw the burn out” at the game or letting out their depressions on post-game AM radio talk shows. But its a lot easier to criticize than to step up to home plate and swing the bat. The reality is that few of Bernankes most bitter critics were even smart enough to make it into an introductory economics class taught by Bernanke at Princetonlet alone to run the worlds most influential Central Bank. And to assume that Fed policy is based on responses to such criticism would be as ridiculous as for baseball star Alex Rodriguez to walk over and hand his bat to an unpleasant critic in the seats of Yankee Stadium to take his place at home plate. Thankfully, airline pilots guiding a plane through rough instability play to a less noisy crowd.Heres the reality. Neither Bernankes interest rate cuts nor the federal stimulus package likely will hit the policy nail right on the head. But no real-time decision making is perfect. As John Maynard sKeynes, himself an academic with plenty of real world experience, observed: “Its better to be nearly right than exactly wrong.” The Fed cant stop a decline, but it can help it be short and shallow. This is a complex, fast-changing situation. Lets give the Fed and the U.S. government some credit for acting swiftly and firmly. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)81. The Fed has cut its rates steeply in central banking history because it has recognized that _.82. With the help of Hank Paulson, George Bush agrees to give money to U.S. consumers to spend, which shows that the cooperation is unusually _.83. The authors opinion about Bernankes most rough critics is that they are _ to run the worlds most influential Central Bank.84. Since the situation is complex and fast-changing, what does the author approve?81. the financial crisis could influence other parts82. swift and impressive83. not smart enough84. trusting and supporting the Fed and the U.S. government.（崇明）How would you cope if you had a terminal illness? What if your son or daughter had no hope of ever having a normal life due to a life-threatening condition? Do these terminally sick people have the right to die?In the UK, the question of assisted suicide or refusing medical treatment is extremely divisive(有分歧的); euthanasia is illegal in Britain, which is the act of helping a terminally-ill person to kill himself.However, a 13-year-old English girl has won the right to refuse medical treatment this week after a hospital dropped a legal attempt to force her to have a heart transplant. Hannah Jones, who has spent eight years in and out of hospital battling heart problems, told child protection officers she wanted to die with dignity rather than face the operation and have to take constant medical treatment afterwards. Despite initial efforts by her local health authority to remove Hannah from her family and force her to undergo the transplant, legal and medical experts said that a child of her age was able to make an informed decision to refuse treatment.Hannahs decision to stop treatment and spend the rest of her life at home with her family was made entirely by herself, according to her father, who spoke of his admiration for her. Hannah made that decision consciously on her own, a bit like a grown-up, even though she was only 12 at the time, and she has maintained that decision, said Andrew Jones.The headmaster of Hannahs school described her as intelligent and capable of making her own decisions. Her presence is a source of inspiration to us all through the courage and dignity that she displays, he said. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What is “euthanasia” (in paragraph 2)?82. The hospitals original plan for Hannah was to _.83. Hannah Jones prefers dying with dignity to _.84. What does the writer intend to discuss with the example of Hannah?81. The act of helping a terminally-ill person to kill themselves.82. give Hannah a heart transplant83. facing the operation and having to take constant medical treatment84. Terminally sick peoples right to die.（奉贤）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal or person will want to do the behavior again.For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.“Theyre taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnsons colleagues.Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation and how much pleasure they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didnt make them feel good unless they ate more and more.Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The scientists suggested it was actually _ that made the rats feel good.82. According to the scientists, the reason why rats wanted to eat more and more junk food was that _.83. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?84. What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?81. chemicals in the brain82. they needed more junk food to stimulate their pleasure centers/ needed more brain stimulation to feel good83. By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats brains.84. To understand the role the brain plays in obesity/ how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.（虹口）A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease.Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someones loneliness.The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also finds that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What personal behaviors can spread from person to person like loneliness and happiness according to the Framingham Study?82. What group of people was affected most by loneliness according to the passage?83. According to the New York Times newspaper report, if you want to reduce the feelings of loneliness, youd better .84. The researchers who make the study believe that loneliness is caused by _.81. Behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking can (spread).82. Friends were the most affected by loneliness. / Friends were affected most by loneliness.83. make more friends. / make as many friends as possible / you can.84. health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties（黄浦）Many expensive nutrition additives advertised on TV say they can improve your memory, but only ordinary food and health habits have been shown to work.A research team from UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) has designed a four-step plan to improve your memory in just 14 days. “It sounds like another advertisement, but it really works,” says UCLA professor Gary Small.The team found the four-step plan improved memory function in teenagers under stress and older people. After a two-week study that included crossword puzzles, exercise and diet changes, test subjects memories worked more efficiently.Heres the program:Memory training: Train yourself with brain-teaser, crossword puzzles and memory exercises that train verbal skills throughout the day.Healthy diet: Eat five rather than three meals a day. The food should be rich in omega-3 fats, such as whole grains and vegetables that contain antioxidants(抗氧化剂). Having frequent meals helps increase blood glucose (血糖), the primary energy source for the brain.Physical fitness: Have regular physical exercise such as walking, basketball or running, every day.Stress reduction: Perform stretching and relaxation exercises. Stress causes the body to release a chemical that can shrink the memory centers in the brain.Before-and-after brain scans showed that test subjects experienced on the average a 5 per cent increase in working memory. This suggests they were using their brains more efficiently.A control group that didnt follow the plan showed no big changes.“Weve known for years that diet and exercise can help people keep their physical health, which is a key part of healthy aging,” said Small. “But keeping mental health is just as important. Now we have evidence that people can improve their memories through a program of memory exercises and stress reduction.” (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. _ are more likely to be influenced by the 14-day program.82.What is “healthy diet” according to the passage?83.When you are under high pressure, how does your body react?84.Besides diet and exercise, _ are also vital for memory improvement.81. The teenagers under stress and older people82.(Having) five meals rich in Omega-3 fats a day.83.It releases a chemical that can shrink the memory centers.84.memory exercise / training and stress reduction （嘉定）From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success only if you make the right choice.You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial (长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.(Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)81. Why are people with low self-esteem compared to leaves?_.82. What do losers think about their failures? _.83. According to the writer, whether one will succeed _.84. The writer holds the view that he who connects with negative-thinking people will _.81. they cant exercise control over themselves.82. They think that their failure is only because of bad luck.83. depends on ones attitude/level of self-confidence84. no doubt fail/lose/achieve nothing（金山）The West began to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous work re-assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some respectable historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were doubtful at first. Chinas invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been quarrelled, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times. It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China, where an unchanged society under a relatively kind regime（政治制度）of upper classes contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and energetic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is litt