动词 专项练习 B Y X F.doc

高二练习 薛飞 动词 专项练习 B Y X F（一）、动词的定义和种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词。如: study(学习)live(生活)play(玩)know(知道)succeed(成功) 动词和名词、代词，也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般必须与主语的人称和数一致。动词可以分为以下几类:从其含义来分，动词有实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。从是否需要宾语来分，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)连系动词连系动词是表示一个谓语关系的动词，要与表语(常为名词或形容词)一起使用。连系动词be (is, am, are . was, were)常见的连系动词还有:become(变得)get (成为)turn(变得)look(看起来)sound(听起来)smell(闻起来)feel(感觉)seem(似乎)等。(2)实义动词实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词有完全的词义，能独立作谓语动词.(3)助动词I.英语常用的助动词(auxiliary verb)有shall, will, should, would be, have, do等，助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语动词，助动词在句中的作用，在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。助动词加not一般都有简略式，用于口语中。如: is not一isnt would not一wouldnt are not一arenthave not一havent was not一wasnt has not一hasntwere not一werent had not一hadnt shall not一shantdo not一dont will not一wont does not一doesntshould not一shouldnt did not一didntII.关于be动词1) be作为系动词，其后可加形容词、名词或介词短语，构成系表结构。2) be后跟动词的现在分词，可以构成各种进行时态。3)be后跟动词的过去分词，可以构成被动语态。4) be加动词不定式，表未来的安排或计划。III.关于havehave的过去式是had, have作为助动词和动词的过去分词一起构成完成时态。IV.关于dodo作为助动词，do的过去式是did，第三人称单数是doesV.关于shall和will 助动词shall本身没有词义，只用在第一人称的将来时态中，后接动词原形。过去式是should，用于第一人称的过去将来时态中，后接动词原形。助动词will本身没有词义，只用在第二、三人称的将来时态中，后接动词原形。过去式是would，用于第二、三人称的过去将来时态中，后也接动词原形。 (4)情态动词1.情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，只能和不带to的动词不定式一起构成谓语动词。2.情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。3.情态动词和助动词一样，后面可直接跟否定词not。现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下: shall not一shant will not一wont cannot一cant must not一mustnt should not一shouldnt would not一wouldnt could not一couldnt can的词义表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”。can用在否定句和疑问句中时，在这种句子中，can有时表示说话人的“怀疑”、“猜测”或“不肯定”。 could, could是can的过去式，表示与过去有关的能力和可能、怀疑或不肯定(在否定和疑问句中)。注 : could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。 can, could用于否定或疑问句中can ( could)用于否定或疑问句中后面跟动词不定式的完成式时，表示对过去发生事件的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。而。ould较。an更加表示说话人的“不肯定”的语气。 may表示“允许”或“请求”, may还可表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。 must的词义must表示“必须”或“应当”。must的否定式must not表示“不应该”或“不许可”，语气比较强烈。注在意义上，must的否定式“不必”须用need not. must也可表示说话人对事物的推测但比may肯定得多，相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”. must加动词不定式的完成式说明对过去事物的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。 have to加动词原形表示“不得不”、“必须”的概念。它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态。 shall作为情态动词用语第二、三人称可表示说话人给对方的“命令”、“警告”、“允诺”、“威胁”等概念。在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 情态动词should表示“劝告”、“建议”时这时should常译作“应当”。 情态动词will可用于各人称，表示“意志”、“意愿”和“决心”等。 will在疑问句中用于第二人称时这时句子表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。 would, would是will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”、“愿望”和“决心”等。 Qneed作情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。词义“必要”,need情态动词提问，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt, neednt do sth否定句表示“没有必要做某事”。 need作实义动词，词义“需要”，有人称和数的变化，有时态的变化。作实义动词的句式如下:sb need to do sthsb need sb to do sthsb need sth to be done sb to be done sth need doing(用doing主动形式表被动意义)一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如:become, get, turn, grow, make, go, fall go bad / hungry / mad / wrong，fall (fell-fallen) ill / asleepfeel (felt-felt) sick / sleepy2感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 His voice sounds nice. The dish tastes delicious.3状态类 表事物所处的状态，如keep, stay, remain, lie, sit, stand prove, turn outThe weather turned out (to be)fine. He proved (to be) honest / an honest person. 注：be, become, turn, remain 可带名词He remains a teacher.=He is still a teacher.He became a teacher. He turned teacher.4外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，一般不用于进行时态和被动结构。另外还有:It looks as if It seems as if / that It appears thatIt looks as if it is going to rain.It appears as if she has lost internet in her job.It seems that he cant stop coughing.二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1后接不带to的不定式表示动作的整个过程或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种：1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”,但get 后接 to不定式作宾补。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have,get不用于被动结构中.He was made to apologize to the guest.2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，其中V-ing表示令人-的, 而V-ed则表示 感到.的The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.五、后接不定式动词（不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词afford, agree, arrange, ask, beg, fail, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, fear, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等等。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He cant afford to buy a new computer. They managed to avoid an accident.六、后接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, forbid, stand，bear（忍受）, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, permit, practice（practise），report, risk, stop, suggest, understand, , miss(错过)，postpone（推迟）, resist(抵制),put off, give up, be worth, be busy (in)，get down to, devoteto, look forward to, be used to(习惯于), lead to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in)，have a good/hard time (in) , have difficulty /trouble (in)等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.七、接不定式作宾补的常用动词advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command(命令), drive(驱使), elect, encourage, expect, forbid, force(强迫), get, help, intend（打算）, invite, leave（委托）, would like, mean, need, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind(提醒), tell, train, want, warn, wish八、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接 不定式作宾语remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事I dont really mean to work there, which means leaving the job here soon afterwards.九、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.十、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh（重), measure（量）, act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.3某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to ones mind(想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out爆发），belong to (属于）等常用主动形式,无被动。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you.十一、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.十二、省略替代类believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或如would like/ love接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：-Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?-Yes, I think so.-Will you be able to come to my birthday party?-Id love to, but Im too busy.注意：believe, think, suppose, expect等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose expect) not，也可以说I dont believe (think, suppose expect) so，但用hope, guess, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (guess) not以及Im afraid not.十三、否定转移类think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.He doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player.当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need, is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since从句连用。例如：He has come here for three years.（误）He has been here for three years.（正） It is three years since he came here.（正）十五、计划未能实现类intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away.2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式Id like to have arrived on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam.（2）动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词形式的一种，在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词的-ed形式表被动的意思，有时表示完成的动作。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. One of the glasses was found broken. 二、动词的-ed形式的用法1-ed形式作表语，说明主语的状态。 She looked tired with cooking. When we got there, the shop was closed.2作宾语补足语在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep后作宾补。We found all the rivers seriously polluted. Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.3-ed形式作定语单个-ed形式作前置定语。带有修饰语或其他成分的-ed形式，作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 We have read many novels written by this author.4 -ed形式作状语Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.（= When the city is seen from the tower.） Given more time, he would be able to do better. 5. 动词的-ed形式和它的是被动关系(下面句中逻辑主语是哪个？) Locked up, he had no way to escape. Mary got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.动词专项练习一、选择填空:1.Where_Uncle Sun yesterday?A.was B.Were C. did D. does2. They_going to see Mr. Sun tomorrow.A. is B.are C.am D. be3. Some are_in the river and some are_games. A. swimming, playing B. swimming, plaiing C. swimming, playing D. swimming,plaing4. Where is Dick? He_to the reading一room. A. has been B. went C. has gone D. goes5. Mark Twain, an American writer,_ everybody here.A. knows B.is known as C.is known to D. is known for6. I hope he will come to see me before he_here.A .leave B. leaves C .will leave D. left7 .My teacher told me that Australians_English. A. spoke B .speak C. speaks D. are speaking8 .I think she_right now. A. reading B. reads C .is reading D.read9.-Where are the children?一They_a good time in the garden. A. are having B. have C. have had D. read10一Where_my glasses? I cant find them.一I_them or, the book- shelf, but they arent there. A. you put，put B. you have put, have put C have you put，put D did you put，have put11 .When the police arrived，the man_for 10 minutes. A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been dead12. By the time this talk is over, we_a lot about the earth. A. shall be learning B. are learning C. would learn D. shall have learnt13.The teachers told me.that they_me to smooth away the difficulties.A.helped B.will help C.help D. were going to help14. Have you seen him today? Yes，I_him this morning.A. has seen B. see C. will see D.saw15.He _worried when he heard the news. A. is B. was C. does D. did16. Whats your friend going_next week. A. doing B. do C. does D. to do17. I dont think that its true. Hes always_strange stories. A. tell B. telling C. told D. tells18.Have you ever_West Hill?A. gone to B. arrived C.come to D. been to 19. How long _he_the novel? A. has，borrowed B. has，kept C. has，lent D. is，using20. He_to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is begining B. is beginning C. begin D. begins21 .The children _a swim this afternoon. A. are going to has B. is going to have C. are having D. are going to have22. There_a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday. A. is B. are C.was D. were23 ._he _on well with his friends this term? A. Does，gets B. Does，get C.Is，getting D. Is，geting24.Who_away my pen? I cant find it.A. haven taken B. takes C. has taken 。D. took25.Shall we_football this Saturday?A. play B. playing C. plays D. to play26. The children _ at school now. A. is B. are C.was D. were27 .Mr. Smith_short stories .but he a TV play these days,A.is writing，is writing B. is writing，writesC.writes，is writing D writes，writes28 .He said he_the league for two years.A. has joined B. has been in C. had been in D. joined29. She likes watering trees in the garden，_she? A. doesnt B. dont C. isnt D. didnt30. What_ you_ to do to keep the room clean?A.do have B. does，have C. did，have D.are have31 .Some flowers_by Kate already. A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been watered32.When winter comes，the leaves_fall.A. are going to B. will C. will be D. would33 .I_to the cinema.I_there every Sunday.A. go，go B. am going，go C. go,am going Dam going，am going34. You_about the future now,_ you? A. dont think，dont B .arent thinking，arent C dont think，do D arent thinking，are35 .He was afraid that he_his way. A. would lost B. would lose C. is going to D. shall lose36.We _each other since he left here. A. didnt see B. hadnt seen C. havent seen D. had seen37 .Mr. Smith_out for a walk in the park every day. A. is going B. goes C. went D. go38.He_from home for a long time. A. has gone away B. had gone away C. has left D. has been away39.You mustnt go too high，or you_dangerous. A. will be B. are C. would be D. is going to40. We have known each other_A. since we were young B.after we were youngC. when we are young D.if we are young41.She promised she_do better work.A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to42.How long has this shop_?A. be open B. been open C. opened, D. been opened43.Mr. Smith_here since he moved to his city.A. had lived B. have live C. have lived D. has lived44.Have you read the newspaper? No，I havent_.A. too B. yet C. just D. already45.Our knowledge of the universe_all the time.A. grow B. is growing C. grows D. grew46.She wont go to the cinema if she_the work tomorrow.A. doesnt finish B. wont finish C. will finish D. finish47 .My grandma_for half a year. A. has been dead B. was dead C. has died D. died48. She_to the Great Wall several times. A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has been49. The earth_ round the sun. A. move B. moves C moved D will move50.Liu Fengwei_three yuan for the lost library book.A .pay B. spent C. cost D.took51. I_the bike for over four years.A. have bought B. have buy C. have had D. bought52. He told us that he_that factory the next day.A. had visited B.has visited C. will visit D. would visit53. His mother_the Party last year. She_a Party member for a year A. joined，was B. has joined，is C. joined，has been D has joined，has been54. We dont know if it_the day after tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained，D. would rain55. He said he_his life for his country. A. give B. gave C. had given D. would give56. He always_to the park on Sunday morning. A. go B. goes