Book III Unit 6读写教案.doc

Unit 6 (N.H.C.E. 3)Included in This Unit Are:Section A How to Prepare for EarthquakesSection B Changes in the Balance of NatureREADING AND WRITINGIntroductory words The three selections in this unit deal with the wonderful and mysterious world of nature. The first article consists of three parts: the preparation for, the proper construction of buildings to withstand, and human emergency planning for earthquakes. The second article tells of the fragile balance of nature and how humans need to protect and save the resources. In spite of the short time span they have occupied the planet, humans are using up the natural resources and disturbing the balance of nature. We need solutions to all these problems. I. Objectives1. Skills1) reading: skimming2) writing: a general viewpoint that is supported by specific detail3) translating: 2. vocabulary development-word power1) words and expressions detect, wax, withstand, enclose, fasten, occurrence, attach sth to sth, put out, turn off, check in, make a difference, etc. 2) word building: a. compounds b. en-+adj.3. Grammar1) “so that” to introduce a clause of purpose.2) “which” to be referred to the previous main clause.IITeaching ProceduresStep 1: Background Information Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earths crust. The Great Hanshin Earthquake DisasterAt 5:46:51 AM, on January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred around Kobe（神户） City in Japan. About 170,000 houses were destroyed or severely damaged in Hyogo Prefecture and Osaka(大阪) Prefecture. On February 7, 1995, 5,273 persons were reported to have been killed by the earthquake. Most victims were crushed to death by the collapse of their houses, and burned to death by the fires that followed the earthquake. The number of refugees is reported to be in excess of 300,000.EarthquakeOne of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is a severe earthquake and its terrible aftereffects. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the Earth, caused by the abrupt release of strain that has accumulated over a long time. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics （板块运动动力）have shaped the Earth as the huge plates that form the Earths surface slowly move over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free. If the earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause many deaths and injuries and extensive property damage. Richter Scale（ 里氏震级）In the 1930s, a California seismologist named Charles F. Richter devised a simple numerical scale (which he called the magnitude) to describe the relative sizes of earthquakes, which has come to be called the Richter scale. Since Richter, seismologists have developed a number of magnitude scales. Most of the scales in use in the Western world (such as the moment magnitude scale) are mutually consistent to a sufficient extent that the term Richter scale is routinely used in reporting these numbers to the public. Other scales (and other ways of describing the size of earthquakes) are used in some non-Western countries, and by earthquake specialists. For example, the Japanese scale for measuring the force of earthquakes measures horizontal movement. The press sometimes mistakenly reports such values as Richter magnitude, and this has given rise to public confusion.Expressions related to earthquakes: earthquake 地震 shake 震动；摇晃 tremor颤动；震动 temblor 美语 地震 hit 袭击、打击，使遭受 strike 突然发生；打击 jolt 使颠簸，摇晃 rock 摇，摇动，使振动 roll across 波动，起伏，横摇 rip through 裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯 damage 损害；损伤 destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残 shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭 devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭 level 推倒，夷平 flatten 夷为平地 seismological 地震学上的 seismology 地震学 seismograph 地震仪 seismographer 地震学家 aftershock 余震 smaller tremors 小地震 epicenter 震中 magnitude 震级 Richter Scale(1-10) 里氏震级 at a scale of 7.8 on the Richter calculations 里氏7.8级地震 earthquake monitoring 地震监控 tsunami 海啸 rock and mud slides 泥石流 tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统 tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮 natural disaster 自然灾害 tragedy 灾难 wreckage 残骸 death toll 死亡人数 survivors 幸存者 victims 受灾者 international contributions 国际援助 evacuation 撤离 rescue team 救援小组seismic 地震的seismic (seismal; seismical; earthquake) load 地震载荷seismic acceleration 地震加速度; 震动加速度seismic acceleration indicator 地震加速指示计seismic activity 地震活动; 地震活动性seismic amplifier 地震放大器seismic analysis 地震分析seismic area 地震带; 地震区; 震区seismic belt 地震带; 地震区seismic center 震中seismic cross-section 地震剖面seismic data 地震数据; 地震资料seismic degree 震度seismic design 地震设计seismic detector 地震检波器; 地震仪seismic detector of the displacement 位移式地震检波器seismic detector of the velocity type 速度式地震检波器seismic digital amplifier 地震数字放大器seismic discontinuity 地震间断面seismic drill 地震孔用钻机seismic dynamic load 地震动力载荷seismic element method 地震元法seismic exploration 地层勘探; 地震探测; 地震探查; 震波勘测seismic exploration vessel 震波勘测船seismic filter 地震滤波器seismic floor joint cover 地面抗震缝盖板seismic focus 地震震源seismic force 地震力seismic gap 地震活动空白地带seismic hazard 地震危害性seismic head wave 地震首波seismic instrument car 地震仪器车seismic intensity 地震烈度; 地震强度seismic intensity scale 地震强度计seismic investigation 地震探测seismic load 地震荷载seismic map 地震图seismic measurement 地震测验seismic method 地震勘探法seismic method of exploration 地震法勘探; 震波勘测法seismic motion 地震活动; 地震运动seismic origin 地震成因seismic restraint 耐震seismic risk 地震危险性seismic processing 震波图分析seismic profile 地震剖面seismic record 地震记录seismic record viewer 地震记录观测仪seismic recorder 地震记录仪seismic shock 地震; 地震冲击; 地震震动; 震波冲击seismic signal 地震信号seismic zone 地震带; 地震区seismic zoning 地震区划分seismic-electric effect 震电效应seismic instrument 地震仪Step 2: Warm-up Exercises: Questions for DiscussionDiscussion: 1. Have you ever been in an earthquake? What do you think you would do first if the room started to shake? Yes, I have been in the Great Tangshan Earthquake Disaster, which brought 240,000 deaths. To my knowledge, therefore, the moment you realize you are confronted with an earthquake, you must keep cool and avoid being seized with panic. It is foolish of you to run aimlessly or to jump from your building. The best way of saving yourself is to take shelter where you are.1) If you are in class, take shelter under a desk, shielding your eyes with one hand from the flying fragments of broken glass.2) If you are in a building, resort to narrow rooms, like kitchens, rest rooms, bathrooms, or the staircase rooms, for protection.3) If you are in a single-story house, run as far away from the house and other structures as possible when there is enough time for you to do so and when you can still keep your balance; otherwise, shield yourself under a bed/in a corner or attach yourself to a pillar/other concrete structures, covering your mouth and nose with a towel.4) If you are in a workshop, cut off the electricity or the explosive/inflammable gas supplies first and then take shelter under a big machine. In the Tangshan earthquake, for example, all 30 workers in a weaving workshop survived the quake in this way except one, who was killed when running out of the building. 2. How should we prepare for earthquakes?Since earthquakes occur at any time without fore- warning signs, we should prepare for them as follows: 1) Regularly check and reinforce our houses, place heavy things in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls.2) Keep in place survival supplies such as water, food, a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, a first-aid box, some rope and some warm clothing.3) Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source; keep a fire extinguisher, a pair of heavy boots, and other proper tools to turn off gas and water supplies. 4) Make arrangements in case of an earthquake for family members to save and support themselves.3. If you were going to rent an apartment, would you like to live on the top floor or on the first floor? Explain your choice.-It is true that living on the top floor can bring us many advantages such as the enjoyment of a broad vision, flowing fresh air, and ample sunlight, but in the event of an emergency , which seems less attractive to us. For one thing, living on the first floor offers me more chances of survival. During the September eleven terrorist attacks on America, for example, those working on the top floor had no option but to stay at the mercy of fate. For another, living on the first floor is very convenient. And even in case of an earthquake, I could either take shelter where I am or run out of the building if time and opportunity allow. 4 How much do you know about other natural disasters?The contributors to these natural disasters are complex and varied. Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earths crust. Many others, like flood, sand storm, and the spread of desert, stem from human activities. Mans mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth has led to a sharp decline of forestry, a rapid desertification of farming land, an irreparable depletion of ozone layer, a global worsening of greenhouse effect, and a swift extinction of species, all of which in turn bring about more disasters. Step 3: Text UnderstandingMain idea of the text ?The essay focuses on one central theme: How to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes( earthquake prediction, prevention and preparation./)Writing style: A general statement supported by details. General statement 1:To predict when an earthquake is going to happen. ( para. 1) General statement 2: To prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquake. (para. 2) General statement 3:To prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. (paras. 3-6) Conclusion. (para. 7)Part I. ( para. 1) 1. What have the scientists done in Japan in order to detect movements?They have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.2. What have the Chinese people traditionally done about earthquakes?They have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.3. What signs may indicate an earthquake?According to ancient Chinese, before an earthquake, hens should refuse to enter their cages; snakes leave their ground holes to freeze to death, quiet dogs bark a lot, fish swim near the surface if water and pigeons become noisy and fly in unusual patterns. Experimental data show that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.Part II (para.2)4. How are most of the people who die in earthquakes killed?They are killed by falling buildings.5. How to prevent property damage caused by earthquakes?-1). Many new structures are built with an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel of steel can move without breaking. -2). Architects design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.-3). Many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.-4）Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.Part III. (para. 36)6. In areas where earthquakes are common, how should people prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake?-1). They should regularly check and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake. ( para 3) -2). Keep in place survival supplies such as water, food, a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, a first-aid box, some rope and some warm clothing. (para 4). -3). Keep a fire extinguisher handy and some proper tools to turn off gas and water lines. Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source. Keep a pair of heavy shoes or boots to protect your feet. (para 5) -4). Have earthquake emergency plans. Make arrangements in case of an earthquake for family members to leave the area in time, to meet at a place, to communicate with each other or call to check in with a faraway friend or relative. ( para 6). (What is the sensible way to keep all the family members informed of each other in a large earthquake stricken city?)To have all of the family members call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.)Part IV. (para. 7) ( Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared. ). 7. What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects?Education concerning how to survive an earthquake.Step 4 Words + Phrases /Patterns of Text AA. Words1. detect (L3): vt. notice (sth that is partly hidden or not clear) or discover (sth), esp. using a special method要不了多久，癌症何许就能在最早期被发现甚至在细胞开始显得不正常之前。Cancer may soon be detected in its earliest stages-even before cells begin to appear abnormal.2. wax (L13): 1) vi. increase; grow 电影明星们的名望盛衰无常。 The popularity of the film stars waxed and waned. 2) n. 蜡 显然，纸上涂了一层蜡。 It is obvious that a coating of wax was put on the paper.3. withstand (L18): vt. bear or not be changed by (sth) or oppose (a person or thing) successfully 顶住暴风雨 withstand the storm 经得起严峻得考验 withstand severe tests 这鞋子很耐穿。 These shoes withstand hard wear. 4. enclose (L28): vt. 1) surround 他们用篱笆围住了院子。 2) send (sth) in the same envelope or parcel in addition to sth else 兹附上200美元支票。 I enclose herewith a cheque for $200.5. occurrence (L63): n. 1) event; incident; happening偷车的事如今常常发生。Car theft is now a very common occurrence. 2) the fact of sth happening65岁以上的人最容易患心脏病。The greatest occurrence of heart disease is in those over 65.6. precaution (L64): n. an action which is done to prevent sth unpleasant or dangerous from happening 学校被警告要采取防火措施。 The school is warned to take precautions against fire. B. Expressions1. to watch out for : 警戒监视；留神:to watch over: 看守；照管；监视:to be on the watch: 警惕着；留心着:to watch sth. for / to watch for (L. 4) 观察某物以获取 / 小心等待他一直注意控制自己的脾气，好像不然他会随时爆发似的。 He is always on the watch to control his temper as if he were likely to lose it at any time他一直在等待着恰当的时机来表达对她的爱慕之情。He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her.2. to come out of (L. 6) 爬出 / 有 结果Good reward will certainly come out of your good intention. 你的好心自然会有好报3. to be reported to do sth. in unusual patterns (L. 9) 据报道说以异常的方式做某事据报道说他们在以不寻常的方式庆祝胜利。They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns.4. to withstand the power of earthquakes (L. 18) 抵御地震的力量经受不住艰难困苦考验的友谊不可能长久。Any friendship that cant withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long.5. to be a major concern (L. 18) 是关注的重点怎样防止非典的卷土重来(resurgence)是公众关注的重点之一。How to prevent the resurgence of SARS is one of the major concerns among the public.6. to insert sth. in / into / between (L. 26) 把某物插入中中间麦氏公司(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop. 7. to enclose sth. in (L. 28) 将某物包入装入他随信附上了一张生日贺卡，上面写着贺词愿这小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我无尽的祝福。Enclosed in his letter was a birthday card, on which was a message Turn my little card into white clouds that take my endless blessings to you. 8. to prepare for the possibility of (L. 30) 为的可能性作好防备大学生活的目的就是使我们为未来可能出现的挑战做好准备。The purpose of college life is to prepare us for the possibility of future challenges.9. to attach sth. to (L. 31) 把某物附加在 / 依附于 之上她深深眷恋着与他共享过的美好时光。She is fondly attached to the good old days she shared with him.10. to make water safe to drink (L. 37) 使水饮用安全对我们来说，重要的是如何使我们的校园生活过得有意义、有成效。What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful.11. to keep sth. handy (L. 41) 手边备有某物同样重要的是,采取什么措施才能使我们的青少年远离毒品。Also important is what measures to take to keep our teenagers far away from drugs.12. to put out (L. 42) 扑灭 / 生产投资 发挥他演讲结束时呼吁大学生在大学学习期间发挥出全部的主观能动性。His speech ended in an appeal to college students to put out all their subjective initiative during the course of college studies.13. to agree on (L. 49) 就取得一致意见不同的人对人生有不同的解释，很难取得一致的看法。Different people attach different meanings to life, on which it is hard for them to agree.14. to be busy with / doing sth. (L. 53) 忙于做某事贪官一旦被提拔到更高的职位,就会忙于滥用职权。Once promoted to a higher position, a corrupt official will be busy abusing his power. 15. to check in (L. 56) 登记 / 报到他昨晚在这个旅馆用假名登记住宿但今早他又结帐离开了。He checked in at this hotel under a false name last night but this morning he checked out.16. to learn a great deal about (L. 58) 对了解甚多通过这本书，你可以了解许多有关非洲的风土人情。With this book, you can learn a great deal about the conditions and customs of Africa.17. to predict earthquakes with accuracy (L. 61) 精确预测地震卫星系统可以帮助人类非常精确地绘制地图。The satellite system can help man draw maps with great accuracy.18. to be res