不同种植模式对稻田免耕种植马铃薯产量性状的影响.doc

/ / / / 不同种植模式对稻田免耕种植马铃薯产量性状的影响稻田免耕种植马铃薯技术具有增产、品质优、省工省力、简便易行等优点,为使该技术更好地推广应用,推进马铃薯生产结构性调整,达到节本、增产、增效、优质的目的,试探讨稻田免耕马铃薯不同种植模式,以筛选出最佳种植模式,指导大面积生产。Paddy no-till planting potatoes with production technology, quality, labor saving, the advantages of simple, in order to make better popularization and application, the technology advance of potato production structural adjustment, achieve the purpose of reduce cost, increase production, increase efficiency, quality, try to explore paddy no-till potato of different planting patterns, in order to screen out the best planting patterns, guide the large area production. 1材料与方法1 materials and methods 1.1试验地点1.1 test site 试验安排在贵阳市花溪区青岩镇试验田,面积150m2,地处花溪区和惠水县的交界处,交通便利,海拔1 100m,年均温15.3,年活动积温在5 400左右,年降水量1 178mm左右,无霜期287d。土壤为砂壤土,肥力中等,前作为单季水稻。Field test in guiyang huaxi district QingYan town, covers an area of 150 m2, located in the northwest area and HuiShuiXian junction, transportation is convenient, the 1, 100 m above sea level, annual average temperature 15.3 , the active accumulated temperature in 5 about 400 , annual precipitation 178 mm, frost-free period 287 d. Before the fertility of soil is sandy loam, medium, and as the season rice. 1.2供试品种1.2 varieties tested 种薯为中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所育成的中薯3号。Kind of chips to Chinese academy of agricultural sciences institute of vegetable flower breeding in potato no. 3. 1.3试验设计1.3 design of experiment 后作马铃薯采用免耕、稻草全程覆盖种植模式,设置4个处理:For potato after adopting no-till, straw covering all the planting mode, set up four processing: (1)干稻草覆盖模式下催芽与不催芽对比试验。(1) dry straw coverage mode with no sprouting sprouting contrast test. 处理:用晒干的稻草覆盖催芽后的种薯,厚度为10cm;Handle (1) : use dried straw cover after the emergence of kinds of potato, thickness of 10 cm; 处理:用晒干的稻草覆盖未催芽的种薯,厚度为10cm。Handle (2) : use a dry straw covering not sprouting potato, to 10 cm thick. (2)湿稻草覆盖模式下催芽与不催芽对比试验。(2) the wet straw coverage mode with no sprouting sprouting contrast test. 处理:用鲜湿稻草覆盖催芽后的种薯,厚度为10cm;Handle (3) : with fresh wet straw cover after the emergence of kinds of potato, thickness of 10 cm; 处理:用鲜湿稻草覆盖未催芽的种薯,厚度为10cm。Processing (4) : with fresh wet straw cover not sprouting potato, to 10 cm thick. 试验中催芽种薯的芽长约为0.5cm,对出苗情况,在播种15d后每隔5d进行一次田间观察,并记录相关数据。Bud sprouting species of potato in the trial of about 0.5 cm long, the emergence, in planting 15 d after every 5 d on a field observation, and record the related data. 采用随机区组排列,4个处理,2次重复,小区计产面积18m2(1.8m10m),小区间距20cm,重复间距及边距20cm,四周设置保护行。播种行株距统一按30cm30cm,摆221块种薯。Using randomized block arrangement, four processing, repeated twice, village meter production area 18 m2 (1.8 m x 10 m), cell spacing 20 cm, repetitive spacing and margins of 20 cm, setting off line protection. Seed row planting distance unified by 30 cm * 30 cm, and 221 kinds of potatoes. 1.4试验概况1.4 test profile 2006年12月11日播种,播种前1.8m开厢、挖沟,沟宽1820cm,沟深为1820cm,把沟泥平铺于厢面并整细整平。用充分腐熟猪牛圈肥15t/hm2,复合肥600kg/hm2,磷肥600kg/hm2,生长期不追肥,不施农药。播种施肥后,用稻草均匀平铺畦面,厚度810cm,防止绿薯产生和保证出苗正常。当地上部分茎杆褪黄时,选择无雨天收获,翻开稻草捡净薯块,测出每小区的单位面积产量后进行比较。Seeds on December 11, 2006, 1.8 m cars, dig the soil before sowing ditch, ditch 18 20 cm wide, groove deep 18 20 cm, cars to ditch mud flat out on the surface and the fine leveling. With fully rotten pig cow 15 t/hm2 barnyard manure, compound fertilizer, 600 kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer, 600 kg/hm2, growth period is not fertilizer, pesticide is not applied. After sowing, straw homogeneous tile strip surface, thickness of 8 10 cm, prevent green potato and to insure the normal emergence. Local stem partially faded yellow, choose no rainy days harvest, opened the straw pick up a net potato, measure every village after the per unit area yield of comparison. 2结论与分析2 conclusions and analysis 1干、湿稻草覆盖对种薯出苗的影响1 dry, wet straw covering the impact on the kinds of potato emergence 从12月26日开始进行出苗情况的调查,调查结果见表1。通过试验得知:处理即干稻草覆盖催芽后的种薯种植模式出苗率在不同时期均高于其他3种方式。用干稻草覆盖的马铃薯的出苗高峰期在播种后的1525d之内;而用湿稻草覆盖的马铃薯在播种后的20d内出苗非常缓慢,其出苗高峰期出现在播种后的2025d之内。就整个出苗时期而言,干稻草覆盖马铃薯较湿稻草出苗整齐、均匀。Since December 26 emergence situation investigation, the results of the survey are shown in table 1. Through experiment that handle (1) the dry straw cover after the emergence of germination rate of potato planting patterns in different periods were higher than other three methods. With dry straw covering the potato emergence peak within 15 to 25 d in seeding; And covered with wet straw in potato planting within 20 d after emergence is very slow, its emergence peak within 20 25 d after sowing. In terms of the whole emergence period, dry straw cover potatoes with wet straw emergence neat, uniform. 2不同处理对鲜薯产量的影响2 the influence of different processing of fresh potato production 由表2可以看出,不同处理产量结果不同,经方差分析(见表3),处理间F大于F0.05,处理间差异达到显着水平,说明不同种植模式对稻田免耕马铃薯的产量有显着影响。另外,试验两个区组间产量差异不显着,说明试验地条件基本一致,可采用两重复的平均产量评价各处理对马铃薯产量的影响。Can be seen from table 2, different processing production results, through the analysis of variance (see table 3), F is larger than F0.05 between processing, processing reached significant level, the difference between that no-till potato of different planting patterns on rice yield has a significant impact. In addition, the test yield no significant difference between two groups, suggests that the testing conditions, can use two repeat an average yield of evaluating the effects of processing on the potato yield. 根据表2,表3、表4可以看出,干稻草覆盖且催芽即处理的产量为21 777kg/hm2,在4种处理中居最高,湿稻草覆盖且未经催芽即处理的产量仅15 408.0kg/hm2,为4种处理中最低。干稻草覆盖且催芽比湿稻草覆盖未经催芽的产量增加6 369.0kg/hm2,增产率达41.34%。而处理与处理的产量居中;处理与处理有5%水平的差异显着性,处理与处理、处理有1%水平的极显着差异,所以以处理即干稻草覆盖且催芽种植模式最优。According to table 2, table 3 and table 4 can be seen, dry straw cover and the emergence of the output of the handle (1) for the 21st 777 kg/hm2, the highest in the four kinds of processing, wet straw cover and without sprouting namely processing (4) production of 15 only 408.0 kg/hm2, minimum of 4 kinds of processing. Dry straw cover and the emergence of specific humidity straw cover without the emergence of yield increase 6 369.0 kg/hm2, increase rate of 41.34%. And (2) and (3) production center; (1) and (2) has a 5% level of significant differences in sex, treatment (1) and (3), (4) has a 1% level of significant differences, so to handle (1) the dry straw covering and planting pattern optimal sprouting. 3小结与讨论3 summary and discussion 就整个试验而言,最佳的种植模式为干稻草覆盖且催芽种植模式。用刚刚收割的湿稻草覆盖,由于茎秆含水量高,茎秆之间结合紧密,没有空隙,马铃薯幼苗无法从湿稻草中钻出而烂掉。试验表明,用鲜湿稻草覆盖未催芽的种薯出苗率仅56.4%,较干稻草覆盖催芽后的种薯出苗率低42.2%,由于马铃薯出苗前靠种皮吸收水分,播种后如土壤过于干燥,薯种发白,发芽出苗会严重受阻。因此,为促进齐苗,提高出苗率,播种后一定要用晒干的稻草覆盖,同时保证厢面湿润,防止种皮发白。In terms of the whole test, the best planting patterns for the dry straw covering planting pattern and sprouting. With just the harvest wet straw cover, because the stem moisture content is high, the close combination between stem, no gap, potato seedlings to drill out from the wet