山东省胶州市高考英语阅读理解一轮专练（2）.doc

山东省胶州市2015英语阅读理解专练（2） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中, 选出最佳选项。do you ever wonder why the english have one word for some animals and a different one for their meat? why do they use pig and pork, cow and beef, and sheep and mutton. to find out, we have to go back to 1066. in that year, the norman french invaded england and put a french king on the english throne. the french not only changed the government but they also changed the language. french became the language（王位） of the upper classes of society. and it remained that way for 300 years. only these high society people could afford to eat meat. as a result, french words like porc (pork) and beouf (beef) came into the english language. however, poor english farmers raised the animals. so, the english language retained the words pig and cow from the native anglo-saxon. the norman french added about 10,000 french words to the english language. seventy-five percent of them are still in use today. language experts estimate that english speakers who have never studied french already know 15,000 french words! between one-third and two-thirds of all english words have french origin. some words such as possible and avenue are the same in french and english; only the pronunciation changes. other words such as ballet or a la carte retain their french pronunciation in both languages. in french grammar, nouns have either a male or female gender, so adjectives（形容词） take different forms for each. english has only one adjective that does this, and it came from french. the world bl ond describes someone with light-colored hair. blond is used for men, and blonde describes women. and they are also nouns. some french words that entered the english language have taken on completely different meanings. the french phrase a la mode means “in style.” in english, the phrase means “with ice c ream.” someone must have decided something eaten with ice cream was in style! now, as you learn english, youre on your way to learning french!64french was once popular among the upper classes of the uk because _ . atoo many frenchmen moved to britain. bthe french brought animals with them cthe king and his officials spoke french dthe king allowed french to be spoken65the underlined word “retained” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _? aadopted bkept cintroduced ddeserted66why does an english speaker find french easy to learn? abecause english and french share similar pronunciation. bbecause english grammar and french grammar are similar. cbecause english has great influences on the french language. dbecause a large number of english word have french origins.67what conclusion can we draw from the text? alanguage is closely related to history and culture. blanguage is controlled by the upper classes of society. cfrench and english words dont have much in common. denglish combines french and the native anglo-sanxon. 【参考答案】64-67 cbda 较难题目特训：介绍说明类 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。youre in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. you listen to their conversation: “i cant believe ita lorenzo bertolla!they are almost impossible to find. isnt it beautiful? and its a lot cheaper than the one sara bought in rome.”they leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. its nice and the price is right. youve never heard of lorenzo bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. they must know. so, you buy it. you never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. they are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about lorenzo bertolla clothes. every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. if the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. this is the secret of undercover marketing. companies from ford to nike are starting to use it. undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that dont pay attention to traditional advertising. this is particularly true of the mtv generationconsumers between the age of 18 and 34. it is a golden group. they have a lot of money to spend, but they dont trust ads. so advertising agencies hire young actors to “perform”in bars and other places where young adults go. some people might call this practice deceptive (骗人的), but marketing executive jonathan ressler calls it creative. “look at traditional advertising. its effectiveness is decreasing.”however, one might ask what exactly is “real” about of young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater? advertising executives would say its no less real than an ad. the difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. you dont know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance. 1. the two attractive young women were talking so that they could_.a. get the sweater at a lower priceb. be heard by people aroundc. be admired by other shoppersd. decide on buying the sweater2. lorenzo bertolla is_.a. a very popular male singerb. an advertising agencyc. a clothing company in romed. the brand name of a sweater3. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. the two girls are in fact employed by the lorenzo bertolla company. b. the mtv generation tends to be more easily influenced by ads. c. traditional advertising is becoming less effective because its too direct. d. undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government. 4. which of the following would be the best title for the text? a. two attractive shoppersb. lorenzo bertolla sweatersc. ways of advertisingd. undercover marketing【参考答案】19.bdcd 【山东省宿州市2014高考英语模拟适应卷】 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中, 选出最佳选项。what should you think about when trying to find your career? you are probably better at some school subjects than others. these may show strengths that you can use in your work. a boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. a girl who spells well and likes english maybe good at office work. so it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. on the other hand, you may not have any specially strong subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. a knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. this is an ability that can be useful in many jobs. your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work.you may be good at metalwork or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills. if you have had a part-time job on saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. if nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. you may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. just asimportant, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job. facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. you may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. it is better to face any weakness than to pretend they do not exist. your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background.you should not be apologetic(认错的) about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.68. what is the passage mainly about? a. the importance of working hard at school. b. choosing a career according to ones strengths. c. how to face ones weakness. d. the value of school work.69. the writer thinks that a students part-time job is probably_. a. a good way to find out his weak points b. one of the best ways of earning extra money c. of great use for his work in the future d. a waste of time he could have spent on study70. from the passage we learn that if a students school performance is not good, he _. a. should pay more attention to learning skills and developing abilities b. will be regretful about his bad results c. may also do well in his future work d. should restart his study in school71. the underlined phrase be all thumbs (in para.3) probably means _. a. be clumsy at doing things b. be skillful in doing things c. be not interested in certain things d. be easily bored in doing things 【参考答案】68-71 bcca 阅读理解-人文地理类not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the atlantic ocean，an sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.the atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the mediterranean as the inland sea of western civilization.unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.it is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“storm at sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the atlantic.when the wind is from the westall the waves that cannot rest to the east must thunder on where the bright tree of the sunis rooted in the oceans breast.as the poem suggests，the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.it is easy to imagine the atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.it mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.it is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of subocean vitality.and it has a psychology.it has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.9unlike real inland seas，the atlantic ocean is _.aalways energetic blacking in livelinesscshaped like a square dfavored by ancient poets解析细节理解题。从第一段中的“unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃)与energetic近义，故答案为a项。答案a10what is the purpose of using the poem “storm at sea” in the passage?ato describe the movement of the waves.bto show the strength of the storm.cto represent the power of the ocean.dto prove the vastness of the sea.解析推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“as the poem suggests，the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。答案c11what does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?aliving together. bgrowing fast.cmoving harmoniously. dbreathing peacefully.解析词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故a项符合要求。答案a12in the last paragraph，the atlantic is compared to _.aa beautiful and poetic placeba flesh and blood personca wonderful worldda lovely animal解析推理判断题。从最后一句“it has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。答案b较难题目特训：介绍说明类 researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. when one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. but the finding might also offer hope.if friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. the researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.the findings appeared in the new england journal of medicine, the researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. it was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the framingham heart study.the information was highly detailed. there was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.the researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. they found that a persons chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.a sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. the risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.nicholas christakis of harvard medical school was a lead investigator in the study. he says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.the study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. in same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese.men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. in sisters, it was 67%.the researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. james fowler of the university of california, san diego, was the