中考英语复习资料 八上 Units 56.doc

2012年中考英语复习资料八上units5-6units5-6词组:study for a (math) test 为(数学)考试而学习go to the docter = see a doctor 看医生have a piano lesson 上钢琴课take acting lessons 上表演课have to do sth 不得不做某事go to the concert 去参加音乐课the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天tennis training 网球训练call sb 给某人打电话stay/ keep healthy 保持健康keep quiet/ clean 保持安静/干净shopping mall/ center 购物中心the whole day= all the day 一整天in some ways 在某些方面more than = over 多于, 超过less than 不到,少于as + adj.原级 + as 与一样not as/so + adj.原级 + as 与不一样look the same 看起来相同make sb do sth 使得某人做某事tell a joke/ story 讲笑话 / 讲故事tell a lie / truth 撒谎 / 讲真话two-week school trip= two weeks school trip 为期两周的学校旅行重点句型:1.can you come to my birthday party? yes,id loveto. /sorry,i cant, i have to study for a test./im sorry. im playing soccer on sunday.2.when is the party? its at seven-thirty.3.tom has short hair than sam. tom is calmer than sam.日常交际用语：邀请和应答（invations and responses）a.will you come to .? would you like to ? can you come to? i hope you can.b. yes, id love/like to. yes, its very kind / nice of you.c. id love/like to, but练习:( )1.“can you help me my english? “ ”. a.with ;with pleasure b. for; with pleasure c. with; a pleasure d. for; a pleasure( )2. “would you like to join us in basketball?” “ but im afraid i have to study for my science test.” a.i wouldnt b. id love to c. id like d.i dont like it ( )3.“can you go to the movie with us on sunday?” “of course. is it?” “5:00 in the afternoon.” a. where b. what time c. how soon d. when( )4. me carefully, boys and girls. can you me? a. listen to; hear from b. hear; listen to c. hear; hear d. listen to; hear( )5. which is bigger, sun or moon? a. a; a b. /; / c. the; / d. the; the( )6.the blue skirt is than the white one. a. dearb.much expensive c.expensive d. much more expensive( )7. there are more students in grade two than . a. grade one b. other grade c. in grade one d. any grade( )8. which would you like , this one or that one? a. very b. well c. better d. good( )9. john cant get up so as his little sister. a. earlier b. early c. more early d. very early( )10. is taras book cheaper than ? a. hes b. him c. yours d. his( )11. thank you for me find my little cat yesterday. a. help b. helps c. helped d. helping( )12. could i please use your computer? . a. yes, i can.b. yes, you cantc. sorry, you cant d. no, i cant.( )13. im short, so i want to be . a. heavier b. larger c. taller d. bigger情态动词情态动词的语法特征:1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情, 只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2) 情态动词除have 外, 后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s(但是have除外)。4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词等形式。一. 情态动词have to和must1) 两词都是 “必须”的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来(客观上需要做这件事) he said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 he had to look after his sister yesterday.3) 在否定结构中:dont have to 表示 “不必”, mustnt 表示“禁止”。 you dont have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。 you mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4) must还可以用于表示猜测,暗含很大的可能性,只用于肯定句,否定句中用cant you must be hungry. 你一定饿了.he cant be at home. 他不可能在家.二.情态动词can与could的区别： 1. can与could都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求, 但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求,语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈, 上级对下级的场合。 e.g. can you tell us your story ,tony ? (tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗?) could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合.e.g. could you tell us if it snows in winter in australia? sure. 请告诉我们, 澳大利亚冬天下雪吗? 当然可以。含有could表示语气委婉的句子在回答中不可用could。- could i have the television on? (我可以打开电视吗?)- yes, you can. / no, you cant.2. 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 he cant be a bad man. 他不可能是坏人。典型例题1）-could i borrow your dictionary? -yes, of course, you_. a. might b. will c. can d. shouldcould表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和may来表达,不能用could或might。复习:will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。 2）-shall i tell john about it? -no, you _. ive told him already. a. neednt b. wouldnt c. mustnt d. shouldnt答案a. neednt不必,不用,wouldnt 将不,不会。mustnt 禁止,不能。 shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思, 应用neednt。3)-dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. - _ . a. i dont b. i wont c. i cant d. i havent答案b. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表 “意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选b。三情态动词may 与might (1) may 与might的形式 肯定式否定式缩略否定式 现在时 may may not maynt 过去时 might might not mightnt注：maynt 比较少见。（2）may 与might的用法表示推测,暗含不确定. he may/ might arrive tomorrow. 他可能明天到.表示允许,多用于肯定句和疑问句.you may use my pen. might i come in?用法点津:may和 might表示许可比can和 could更正式, might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思.表示许可时,用may不用might, may not 用来表示拒绝和禁止.may和 might常用来表示将要发生和正在发生的事的可能性.might不是 may的过去式,它所表示的可能性比may更小.may不用于于提问是否可能的疑问句.在主句是过去式的宾语从句中总是用might而不是may.用法比较: may not can not cantmay not指”可能不”, 而can not 指”不可能” it may not be true. 这可能不是真是真的. it can not be true. 这不可能是真的.四.shall 和should(1)shall 的用法 shall作为情态动词的各种形式与作助动词的形式相同.表示征询意见,用于第一和第三人称的疑问句.shall i take you to the hospital？ shall we go to the zoo?表示许诺,警告等,用于第二.第三人称.you shall get an answer from me tomorrow. 明天你就会得到我的答复了.you shall be punshied for what you”ve done. 你应当为你所做的受到惩罚.用法点津:(1)shall i?用来询问对方的意见.其肯定答语为:yyes.please. / yes, thank you.其否定答语为:no,please dont./ sorry,如:-shall i leave the door open? 我可以开着门吗?-yes,please. / sorry,i feel a little cold.好的. / 对不起,我感觉有点冷.(1)shall we.?是向对方提出建议.其肯定回答:allright. /yes,lets.其否定回答为:sorry,im afried we cant. / no,lets not.-shall we start off now? 我们现在可以开始了吗?yes lets. / sorry,lucy hasnt turned up yet.好的./对不起,露西还没来呢. (1)should的用法 should是shall的过去式,用作情态动词时,他们是两个不同的词.表义务和职责we should save water.我们应该节约用水.we should protect environment.我们应当保护环境.表建议 you should go to see a doctor.你应当去看医生. you shouldnt always stay at home and keep playing computer games. 你不应该总是呆在家里玩电脑游戏.表征求意见what do you think i should do with the problem?你认为我应该如何处理这个问题?should i help you with the cleaning?我可以帮你打扫卫生吗? 五.will 和would(1)will作为情态动词,可用于各人称,表示意愿或决心,意思是想要,打算.would表示过去的意愿和打算.i will do it as soon as possible.he said he would try his best to help his friend.will作为情态动词,在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.邀请等,would表示更有礼貌,语气更为委婉的请求.will you go with us? would you mind my opening the door?六.情态动词needneed既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词. 作情态动词时,不可以用于肯定句中,其对比如下表所示: 动词形式各种形式 情态动词 实义动词 肯定句you need to be careful. 否定句you neednt to be so worried.you dont need to be so worried.肯定疑问式need i say my telephone number again?do i need to say my telephone nunber again? 否定疑问式neednt he come again? need he not come again?doesnt he need to come again? does he not need to come again?练习：用情态动词can, cant, may, must, mustnt , neednt, could 填空。 1. - _ you come and play with us now? - im afraid i _. i _ do the cooking. i _ come later.2. - _ we clean the windows today?- no, you _. you _ clean them tomorrow. 3. - _ i watch tv this evening, mum? - no, you _. work _ come first.4. - _ i come in, please? -yes, please.5. excuse me. _ you tell me the way to the cinema?单项选择题：1.-mr. li, may i go home now? -no, you _.you should sweep the floor first.a. cant b. must c. neednt d. can2.heres the massage from the head teacher ：if you _finish the work today, you _attend party tomorrow.a. dont；wont b. cant; shant c. wont; cant d. cant; wont3.im sorry. i _go now. my father told me on the phone that my mother was ill.a. can b. may c. have to d. think4.-lets go dancing tonight.-sorry, i_.i have to go to a meeting.a. mustnt b. may not c. neednt d. cant5.-shall i book some seats for the concert?-_, ive already my homework.a yes, you may b. no, you mustnt c. no, you didnt d. id rather not6.-mum, ive finished my homework. _i go out and play for a while? -no, im afraid not. i have some other exercises for you.a. must b. may c .would d. will7.cars, buses and bikes _stop when the traffic light is red.a. can b .must c. may d. need8. -_i borrow your mp3? -sure. here you are. a. may b .should c. must d. would9.-should i call mary here right away?-no, you _. she is on the way here.a. mustnt b. neednt c. cant d. couldnt10.-must i stay here for hours?-no, you _. you can leave any time.a. mustnt b .neednt c. cant d. couldnt11.mary_be at home. i saw her in the library just now. a. mustnt b. have to c .shouldnt d. cant12.-i like the party so much, but i _go home. its too late.-what a pity!a. mustnt b. have to c. may d. cant13.-what did