02. 于老师 情态动词专题.doc

情 态 动 词 考 点（I） 11关于情态动词我们要知道 1 没有人称,数的变化 2不能单独作谓语，必须与不定式一起构成谓语考点一：can与could用法1. 能力：can 表示现在的能力，could表示过去的一般能力；be able to 有更多的形式，其中 was/were able to 表示过去的具体能力（即实施了过去某一具体的行为），相当于managed to do.翻译句子，并说出句中情态动词的含义He could speak four foreign languages when he was young, but now he can speak only one. _There was a big fire in the house, but he was able to escape. _I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now. _If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. _2. 许可：can 可以代替may 表示许可，could可以代替might表示许可，cannot表示不可以。Can I use your mobile phone for a call? He asked me if he could take the book out of the library.在疑问句中可以用could/might 表示更加委婉的语气。例如：Could/Might I ask you something, if you are not too busy? Yes, you can/may_. No, Im afraid not_.3. 习惯用语：can not too 无论怎样也不过分 cannot enough 无论怎样也不过分 Cannot help doing 情不自禁做某事 cant +比较级 再不过了翻译句子：当你过马路的时候，你再小心也不为过。分别用can not too/ cannot enough_那部电影再糟糕不过了。_这姑娘忍不住哭了。_3. 推测：详见第3张学案考点二：may与might用法1. 许可：请求别人允许自己做某事，might比may的语气委婉；自己允许别人做某事，通常用may而不用might。-May/Might I take this magazine out? -Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.2. 习惯用语：may well 很可能 may/might as well 最好，不妨 Maydo/be.祝愿翻译句子：你很可能是对的_我们不妨去看一下吧_愿你天天有进步_ 3. 推测：详见第3张学案考点三：must与have to用法1. must表必须，用于肯定句和疑问句；。表示偏偏，偏要2.must与have to 区别：must表示主观愿望或要求； have to表示客观所迫，意为“不得不” mustnt表示禁止，千万不要； dont have to =neednt 不必翻译句子，并说出句中情态动词的含义Just when we were ready to go away for holidays, the baby must catch a cold. _There is no bus here, and you have to go on foot. _Because it is Sunday today, we dont have to go to school. _Must I go at once? -No, you neednt. _The child is sleeping. You mustnt make any noise. _即学即练 单项选择1. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A can B will C must D may2. I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? A Must B Can C May D Will3. You _ park here! Its an emergency exit. A wouldnt B neednt C couldnt D mustnt 4. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. A cant B neednt C may not D will not5. You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A must B mustnt C have to D dont have to6. -_ I take the book out? -Im afraid not. A will B May C Must D Need7. One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A need B must C should D can8. I cant leave. She told me that I _ stay here until she comes back. A can B must C will D may9. Naturally , after I told her what to do, my daughter _ go and do the opposite! A may B can C must D should 10. -Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away? -Thank you. _ A It couldnt be better B Of course you can C If you like D Its up to you.考点四 shall用法 0. 用作助动词，表示单纯的将来，用于第一人称 I shall ring you up as soon as I arrive.1.表示征求意见。在疑问句中，用于一、三人称 Shall I do the cleaning? Shall the boy wait outside or come inside? 2.表示说话者威胁、命令、警告、承诺 用于二、三人称 You shall remain here until all your papers are collected. You shall get the ticket tomorrow.3.在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为应, 必须，用于第三人称Persons under 18 shant be employed in night work.翻译句子，并说出句中情态动词的含义1.If he passes the examination, he shall have a holiday. _2.Shall I carry your luggage for you? _ 3. If you wont do as I tell you, you shant go to the party. _4. According to the regulation, every player shall wear a number. _考点五 should 与ought to 用法用作单纯将来的助动词时， should是shall的过去式。但用作情态动词时，should意为：1. should/ought to表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”should/ought to have done 本应该做某事2. should/ought to 表示按常规的推测，意为“按理应当，据估计”3. should表示“竟然” 4. should用于条件句中 表示“万一”主句可虚拟也可真实。翻译句子，并说出句中情态动词的含义The boys shouldnt be playing football. They should be at school. _You shouldnt have entered the teachers office without permission. _It is strange that it should be so hot today. _ Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting will/would be put off. _Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now. _考点六 will 与would用法will 除用作助动词表示单纯将来，还可充当情态动词，含义如下：1.习惯：“老是，总是” 2.功能或倾向性 3.表示意愿“要” 4. 请求：在疑问句中 用于第二人称。5.will/wont 表示对祈使句的回答。1. Write to me when you get home. -I will _ 2.I will do my best to help you. _3. Every evening they will play chess together _4. The door wont open _5. Will/would you please give me a message when you see him? _would 与will相似：1.表过去将来 2. 用于第二人称疑问句表有礼貌的请求，比will委婉3. 表示过去的习惯 4. 表意愿，“要”Whenever he was angry, he would walk out of the room. _He told us that he would meet us at the airport. _ We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he wouldnt listen _即学即练 单项选择1. -I havent got the reference book yet, but I will have a test on the subject next month. -Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. A could B shall C must D may2. -I dont care what people think. -Well, you _. A could B would C should D might3. -what does the sign over there read? -“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” A will B may C shall D must4. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A can B will C may D shall5. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. A will increase B have been increasing C have increased D would be increasing6. We had to make the corrections by hand as the computer _ do them for us. A mightnt B neednt C shouldnt D wouldnt 7. When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put if back on the shelf, _? A do you B dont you C will you D wont you 8. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A oughtnt to B cant C wont D neednt 9. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A had scored B scored C would score D would have scored10. _ you need any help, you can always phone me at the office. A Would B Should C Shall D May考点七：need与dare用法：两者既可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，不受句式限制，疑否句时要用助动词do/does/did作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化（dare的过去式dared）,直接接动词原形，只用于疑否句注意：I dare say 习惯用语，意为“我想，大概” dare 当实义动词，疑否句中 to可省 need 作实义动词，后接n./pron./to do/ ; need doing =need to be done.翻译句子，并说出句中need 或dare是情态动词还是实义动词，以及含义1.He darent cross the river. _ 2. How dare you ask me such a question?_3.He dares to cross the river._ 4. He doesnt dare （to）cross the river. _5.He doesnt need to do it. _ 6. He neednt do it. _ 7. The floor needs cleaning. _即学即练：1. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A neednt to come B dont need come C dont need coming D neednt coming2. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _. A need repairing B needs to repair C needs repairing D need to repair3. -Youve coem just in time to help us. -Fine, What needs _? A I do B done C to be done D shouldnt4. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A dare to say B dare saying C not dare say D dared say情 态 动 词 考 点（II）考点一 can/could 表推测1. can 用于肯定句, 意为“有时候会” Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.2. could 用于肯定句, 表示具体的现在或将来事情的可能性。 Peter could go to London this weekend, but I doubt it.3. cant/couldnt 用于否定句，语气最强，意为“不可能” He cant/couldnt have seen her there.4. can/could 用于疑问句，表示怀疑，意为“能是.么” Where can he be? Can it be Mr. Wang?考点二 may/might 表推测 “或许，可能”might 比may 更加不肯定1. 用于肯定句： He may/might be writing a letter now.2. 用于否定句：意为“可能不/或许不” It may/might not be true.考点三 must 表推测 用于肯定句，表示有把握的推测，意为“一定, 否定形式是 cant/couldnt You havent eaten anything since morning; you must be hungry. You cant have seen him at the party last nigh. I saw him off at the airport.考点四 should/ought to 表推测 意为“按理应当”Its 7 oclock. Hack should be here at any moment. He ought to succeed, as he is so diligent.翻译句子，并说出句中情态动词的含义1. He must be waiting for us at the school gate. _ 2. Everyone can make a mistake. _3. Can it be true? No, it cant be true. _ 4. Helen may go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. _5. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it can be very slow. _6. Hows your tour around the Norh Lake? Is it beautiful? It should be, but it is now heavily polluted. _7. Is John coming by train? He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car. _即学即练：单项选择1-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters. A might B must C would D can2. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said, “Theres no one of that name here.” A need B can C must D would3. Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. A would be B would have been C must be D must have been4. I_ have watched that movie-itll give me horrible dreams. A shouldnt B neednt C couldnt D mustnt 5. -Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. -Oh, you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A must B mustnt C should D shouldnt6. It is important to know about the cultural differences that _ cause problems.A must B dare C need D may7. The traffic is heavy these days. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A can B must C need D might8. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A should B would C will D shall9. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A shall B should C can D must10. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _? A is he B isnt he C must he D mustnt he11. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A neednt to come B dont need come C dont need coming D neednt come12. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _. A need repairing B needs to repair C needs repairing d need to repair13. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A dare to say B dare saying C not dare say D dared say考点五：情态动词+have done/been用法归纳: 表示过去或已经发生的事情(有时带过去时间状语）aux.+ have done/been用 法例 句must have done(用于肯定句)一定做过某事否定式为：cant/couldnt have doneIt must have rained last night for the road is quite muddy.can/could have done（用于疑问句和否定句） 意为：可能做过某事么？不可能做过某事Can he have gone to his aunts？He cannot have forgotten it. He could not have done such a thing.may/might have done(用于肯定句或否定句)意为：可能做过某事；可能没做过某事He may not have finished the work.He might have gone to bed.could have done(用于肯定句) 意为：本来能做The driver could have avoided the accident.might have done(用于肯定句)意为：本可以做You might have written the letter without my reminding you of it.should/ought to have done1. 过去本应该做某事2. 按理应该已经做某事You shouldnt have left home without a word.They left here early and should have arrived by now.neednt have done本不必做某事（做了）It is not cold today. I neednt have taken the sweater out.didnt need to do sth过去不必做某事（没做）It is not cold today. I didnt need to take the sweater out.would rather（not） have done宁愿做过（没做过）某事I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather have done that.考点六：情态动词疑问句意义及其答语的归纳与比较1.Could/Might/May/Can I(we)? Yes, you can/may./Certainly. No, you mustnt/cant 2. Could/Can you ? Yes/Of course, I can. 3. Would/Will you(please) do? Of course I will.4. Must I ? Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to5. Need I ？ Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to6. Shall I ? No, you neednt /Youd better not. No, you cant/mustnt7.句式：How can you ? 你怎么能？ 表示说话人对某事疑问 How/Why should +主语? 怎么、为什么竟然？表示说话人对某事惊讶，不解 How dare you ? 你怎么敢？ 课堂训练：1.-Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. -Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A must B should C must have D should have2. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A might B should C can D will3. -The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. -Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties. A may go through B might go through C ought to have gone through D must have gone through4. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A should have been doing B must have been doing C could have done D would have done5. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A should have arrived B should arrive C should have had arrived D should be arriving6. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A might have given B might give C may have given D may give7. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. A could B must C might D should8. -My cats really fat. -You _ have given her so much food. A wouldnt B couldnt C shouldnt D mustnt9. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A could B would C must D need10. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A should have taken B could have taken C neednt have taken D mustnt have taken.11. -May I ask a question after class, Sir? -_, but not during my lunch break. A Im sorry B Anytime C Certainly D Go ahead12. -Must he come to sign this paper himself? -Yes, he _. A need B must C may D will13. Could I call by your first name? Yes, you _. A will B could C may D might14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _. A might B will C can D should15. Must I come before 6 in the morning? No, you _. A not have to B havent to C dont have to D havent 16. -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A neednt B wouldnt C mustnt D shouldnt 17. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _ . My brother is coming to see me. A mustnt B I cant C I neednt D I wont 18. -Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while? -No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. A Cant B wouldnt C May not D Wont 高考链接 2009年高考试题1. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ in without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed2. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must3. You _ be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt4. -Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. -Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted5. She _ have left school, for her bike is still there. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt6. Liza _ well not want to go to the trip-she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may7. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should8. -I cant find my purse anywhere. -You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would9. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. can C. should D. would10. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. should11. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title.A. must B. need C. can D. would12. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done13. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would14. -What sort