高考英语 试题分项版解析Ⅲ专题03 社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解（教师版）.doc

2012年全国及各地高考英语分类精品解析系列简介单项选择题分类解析系列专题01单项选择题分类解析（冠词、名词和主谓一致）专题02单项选择题分类解析（代词）专题03单项选择题分类解析（介词和介词短语）专题04单项选择题分类解析（形容词和副词）专题05单项选择题分类解析（动词和动词短语）专题06单项选择题分类解析（动词的时态和语态）专题07单项选择题分类解析（情态动词和虚拟语气）专题08单项选择题分类解析（非谓语动词）专题09单项选择题分类解析（定语从句）专题10单项选择题分类解析（连词和状语从句）专题11单项选择题分类解析（名词性从句）专题12单项选择题分类解析（特殊句式）专题13单项选择题分类解析（交际用语）完形填空题分类解析系列专题01记叙文完形填空专题02夹叙夹议完形填空阅读理解题分类解析系列专题01人物传记、故事类阅读理解专题02新闻报道、广告类阅读理解专题03社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解专题04科普类阅读理解专题05新题型阅读理解书面表达题分类及选择讲评专题01书面表达题分类及选择讲评（文字提纲式）专题02书面表达题分类及选择讲评（图画式）专题03书面表达题分类及选择讲评（开放式）（共30篇）一、(2012课标卷)dgrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. he can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. he can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. a mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins twinkle, twinkle, little star or remember the story of cinderella or goldilocks and the three bears. one explanation is the law of overlearning , which can be stated as follows: once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.in childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. we continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as twinkle, twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as cinderella and goldilocks. we not only learn but overlearn.the multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.the law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. by cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. a little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.68. the author explains the law of overlearning by_.a. presenting research findingsb. selling down general rulesc. making a comparisond. using examples69. according to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_.a. a result of overlearningb. a special case of crammingc. a skill to deal with math problemsd. a basic step towards advanced studies【答案】a【解析】推理判断。倒数第二段说：一般规律是在学校学习的东西很快就会忘记，但是乘法口诀表却是一个例外，因为乘法口诀表是我们儿时附加学习的内容中的一个。70. what is the authors opinion on cramming?a. it leads to failure in college exams.b. its helpful only in a limited way.c. its possible to result in poor memory.d. it increases students learning interest.二、(2012大纲卷)(a)cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. this can put their pets in danger of serious illness. there are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. if you have to take them out, stay outside with them. when youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. i you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.if left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. they can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. keep an eye on your pets water. sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.本文主要介绍在天气寒冷的时候，怎样使你的宠物又暖和又安全。宠物也喜欢待在温暖的室内。如果需要让它们待在户外的时候，一定要多留心，给它们提供良好的住所、饮用水等。41. what do we learn about pets from paragraph 1?a. they are often forgotten by their owners.b. they are used to living outdoors.c. they build their won shelter.d. they like to stay in warm places.【答案】d 【解析】判断推理。根据“sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.”可知，猫等宠物也像人一样习惯于暖和的住所。所以选择d项。42. why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?a. to know when to bring them inside.b. to keep them from eating bad food.c. to help them find shelters.d. to keep them company.43. if pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may _.a. run short of clean waterb. dig deep holes for func. dirty the snow nearbyd. get lost in the wild44. what is the purpose of this text?a. to solve a problem.b. to give practical advice.c. to tell an interesting story.d. to present a research result.【答案】b 【解析】作者的写作意图。根据第一段的中心句“there are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.（为了让你的宠物既暖和又安全，这里有你要做的几件事）”可知：是给养宠物的人们提建议。(b)you may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. you do not need to be strong. but you need to be quick. and you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.first, you must ask yourself, “where is the wind coming from? is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” you must think about this all the time on the boat. the wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.lets start with the wind blowing from the behind. this means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. it should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the boat. then it will catch the wind best.if the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. in this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. it should be at a 45 angle to the boat. it needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动). it shouldnt look like on a flagpole. if it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.sailing into the wind is not possible. if you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. you may want to go in that direction. it is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. you must go first in one direction and then in another. this is called tacking. when you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.本文主要介绍了帆船运动的一些常识。就帆船顺风、侧风和逆风行驶进行了详细的阐述。45. what should you consider first while sailing?a. sailors strength.b. wave levels.c. wind directions.d. size of sails.47. what do you have to do when sailing against the wind?a. move in a straight line.b. allow the sail to flap.c. lower the sail.d. tack the boat.三、(2012北京卷)dwilderness“in wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” this is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. the frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. as john sauven of greenpeace uk points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. to mr.sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane, a visiting fellow at the hudson institute, takes the opposing view. he acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. there are ever more people on the earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. while the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. if they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.i look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. one challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. and there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.this is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. what position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.68. what is the main idea of para. 3? a. the exploitation is necessary for the poor people. b. wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. c. useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. d. all the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.70. which of the following shows the structure of the passage?四、(2012天津卷)abicycle safetyoperation always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). obey rules and regulations. watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.theft prevention always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack-even if you are only away for a minute. register your bike with the university department of public safety. its fast, easy, and free. registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.equipmentbrakes make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.helmet a necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.lights always have a front headlight-visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. a taillight is a good idea.rules of the roadriding on campus as a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. the speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. always give the right of ways to walkers. if you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the department of public safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.bicycle parking only park in areas reserved for bikes. trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.if things go wrongif you break the rules, you will be fined. besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:no bicycle registration-$25bicycle parking banned-$30blocking path with bicycle -$40violation of bicycle equipment requirement -$3537. according to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?a. brakes. b. a helmet. c. a headlight. d.a taillight.【答案】d【解析】细节理解。根据equipment中的lights一段的叙述可知答案。这一段的意思是：前车灯是一定要有的，而尾灯可有可无（装尾灯是个好主意而已）。38. when you ride a bicycle on the campus, _.a. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksb. cycle at a speed of over 15 mphc. put the walkers right of way firstd. call the police before leaving in a case of accident【答案】c【解析】细节理解。根据“always give the right of ways to walkers.”可知答案。39. if you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _.a. $25b. $30c. $35d. $40d you are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. when you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “they” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “they” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. the truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. they know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they dont let this get in the way. they know they have their weaknesses, yet they dont blame themselves when they fail. whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. they believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others-and even themselves-to feel like victims, too. creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.in reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. one person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.in every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.52. according to paragraph 2, creators _.a. seem willing to experience failures in lifeb. possess the ability to predict future lifec. handle ups and downs of life wiselyd. have potential to create something new【答案】c【解析】细节理解。定位第二段，阅读第二段得知创造者能处理好生活中面对的事情或者根据本段第二句话。acd是文章根本没有提及的内容。53. what can we learn from paragraph 3?a. creators and victims face quite different things in life.b. creators and victims are masters of their lives.c. victims can influence more people than creators.d. compared with victims, creators are more emotional.【答案】b【解析】推理判断。定位第三段“both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.”，本段是总分总结构，首句或是尾句即可得出答案。创造者和受害者都是生活的决定者。54. the examples mentioned in paragraph 4 show that _.a. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.b. people need family support to deal with challengers in life.c. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.d. ones experiences determine his attitude toward life.五、(2012重庆卷)cthere is no better way to enjoy scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little whisky(威士忌)at a quiet place like the inverlochy castle. when queen victoria visited the in 1873 she wrote in her diary, “i never saw a lovelier spot ,” and she didnt even go fishing.scotland is not easily defined. in certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grass mountains changes before your very eyes. when evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold. as you settle down with just a people and a basket on the bank of river orchy, near the inverlochy castle , any frustration will float away as gently as the circling water. its just you and purple , pink ,white flowers, a perfect harmony . if you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics form a fishing leave you with a lifetimes fun. four many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an artscotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long days fishing. set wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful inverlochy castle hotel below the a perfect place to see the beauty of scotlands mountains . ben nevis is the highest of mountains, and reaching its 1342-metre top is a challenge. but its not just what goes matters; what comes down is unique . more than 900 metres high, on the mountains north an all-important source of pure water. its name comes form the gaelic language “usqueb “water of life”; and it is the single most important ingredient(原料) in scotlands best know whisky. 该篇材料介绍了苏格兰inverlochy castle的秀丽风光，既有地理风光，又有人文情怀。其写作目的是想向读者展示苏格兰的这座胜地。64. the story of queen victoria is to show that _.a. the queen is rich in tour experienceb. the castle is a good place to go in scotlandc. tasting whisky is better than going fishingd.1873 is a special year for the queen【答案】b【解析】细节理解。第一段是提纲挈领介绍苏格兰高地威廉堡的两大不可错过的事，而列举维多利亚女王的事例，完全是为了说明威廉堡是个好地方，而且，女王甚至还没有体会垂钓之乐，都写下了“i never saw a lovelier spot ”，可见该地确实是值得去的好地儿。65. how is paragraph 2 mainly developed?a. by giving descriptions. b. by flowering time order.c. by analyzing causes. d. by making comparisons.67.what is the main purpose of the passage?a. to introduce scottish traditions to tourists. b. to show the attractions of scotland to readers.c. to explore geographical characteristics of scotland.d to describe the pleasures of life in scotland【答案】b【解析】写作意图。浏览全文，不难发现短文的主要目的是想向读者展示苏格兰的这座胜地。dto take the apple as a forbidden fruit i