高中英语 Unit 21 Human biology精品学案 北师大版模块7.doc

unit 21知识清单重点单词1._vt. 消化_n. 消化2_ vt. 滥用；虐待 n. 滥用；虐待_adj. 辱骂的；毁谤的；恶语的 3_vt. 容忍_n. 容忍；宽容4_adj. 根本的；基本的_adv. 根本地；完全5_ adj. 每年的；年度的_n. 周年纪念(日)6. _adj. 强制性的；义务的7_vt. 反对 _adj. 相反的8_ vt. 反驳；驳斥；与相矛盾 _adj. 互相矛盾的；对立的 9_ vt. 推迟；延期10. _n. 常规；惯例adj. 例行的；常规的11_vt.预见；预料12_vi. & vt. 下降；减少；衰退；拒绝 n. 下降；减少；衰退 13_vt. 提交；呈递 _n. 提交；呈递14_adj. 彻底的；细致的 _adv.彻底地；仔细地重点短语1._ _时而；不时；每隔时间2._ _ 徒劳；白费力气 3_ _ 随便地；随意地；任意地4_ _ _ 不惜任何代价；无论如何5_ _ _ 对负责 6._ _ _ 开始；着手 7_ _ 立刻；马上 8._ _ 彻底毁灭；消灭9_ _ _ _ _ 终止；消灭 10_ _ _ 抢劫某人某物11_ _ _ 无论如何；至少 12._ _ _在这种情况下重点句式1.it struck near the end of the first world war and left_families_mourning worldwide. 2.with_all_the_international_effort_being_made,_we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a bird flu epidemic in its tracks.核心语法条件句和混合条件句自我校对重点单词：1digest; digestion2.abuse; abusive3.tolerate; tolerance4.fundamental; fundamentally5.annual; anniversary6compulsory7.oppose; opposite8.contradict; contradictory9.postpone10.routine11.foresee12.decline13submit; submission14.thorough; thoroughly重点短语：1at intervals2.in vain3.at random4.at all costs5.be responsible for6.get down to7.straight away8.wipe out9stop sth in its tracks10.rob sb of sth11.at any rate12.in / under the circumstances重点词汇探究1digest vt.消化(食物)；完全理解；彻底领悟 vi.被消化 n. 摘要；文摘digestion nu消化；吸收；领悟 c(通常作单数)消化能力；消化力have a good / poor digestion 消化力很强/弱1)i struggled to _ what he said.我费力地琢磨他所说的话。2) fruits _ easily.水果容易消化。【答案】1)digest2)digest(1)完成句子this is a _ of the week news. 这是一周的新闻摘要。【答案】 digest(1)完成句子this is a _ of the week news. 这是一周的新闻摘要。【答案】 digest(2)名校押题(2010海南十二校联考)dont feed meat to the baby; he is too small to _it.adigestbdrinkctaste dgrasp【答案与解析】a题意：不要喂婴儿吃肉，他太小，消化不了。digest“消化”，符合题意。2abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂；伤害 n. 滥用；辱骂；谩骂；虐待 a child abuser 虐待儿童者a drug abuser 嗜毒者abusive adj. 辱骂的；恶语的；毁谤的1)several of the children had been physically _. 这些孩子中有几个受到过身体上的虐待。2)it is easy to _ ones power. 权力容易被滥用。3)the crowd started _ him after he failed to save a goal. 他没能救起那个球，遭到观众的辱骂。4)drug abuse and alcohol _ contributed to his early death. 他的过早离世是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。【答案】1) abused2)abuse3)abusing4)abuse(1)完成句子william _ the trust the film showed in him. 威廉辜负了公司对他的信任。【答案】abused(2)名校押题(2010东北三省四市联考)he _ his position as the general manager by giving jobs to his friends.aabused bcheatedcdefeated drejected【答案与解析】aabuse ones position“滥用职权”。3tolerate vt. 容许；容忍；忍受后接名词或动名词，相当于bear, stand或put up with。1)i cant _ that rude fellow. 我不能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。2)we dont _ smoking in the library. 我们不容许在图书馆里抽烟。3)the human body cannot _ such large amounts of radiation. 人体经不住那么大量的辐射。【答案】1)tolerate2)tolerate3)tolerate(1)完成句子i dont know how you can _ that noise! 我不知道你怎么能忍受那样的噪音！【答案】tolerate(2)名校押题(2011江苏南京调研)to prevent fires, smoking is strictly_in the factory.a.preserved bforbiddencignored dtolerated【答案与解析】b考查动词。forbid “禁止”，符合题意。 preserve “保护”； ignore “忽略；忽视”； tolerate “容忍”。4.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的；根本的；十分重要的；主要的；首要的 n. (通常作复数) 基本规则； 基本原则； 基本原理； 基本部分be fundamental to 对必不可少；对十分重要1)his _ _ was to rely too much on others.他的根本错误是过分依赖他人。2)water is _ _ survival.水对于生存来说必不可少。3)this is _ to the building up of chinas national defense.这对加强中国国防非常重要。4) his _ _ was for her welfare. 他最关心的是她的幸福。 5)the _ _ is a political one. 首要的问题是政治问题。【答案】1)fundamental mistake2)fundamental to3)fundamental4)fundamental concern5)fundamental question(1)完成句子there are _ _ between your religious beliefs and mine. 我们俩的宗教信仰根本不同。【答案】fundamental differences(2)名校押题(2011福州质检)what do you think are the _ reasons for the current financial crisis?aadequate bfundamental cambiguous dprimitive 【答案与解析】b题意：你认为导致当前金融危机的根本原因是什么？adequate“足够的；充分的”；fundamental “基础的；根本的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；primitive “原始的”。 5.oppose vt. 反对；反抗；(与某人)较量后接名词、代词或动词ing作宾语。opposed adj. 反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对as opposed to (表对比)而；相对于1)he _ the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。2)congress is continuing to _ the presidents health care budget. 国会继续反对总统的医疗预算。3)he _ _ _ two other candidates. 另外两名候选人反对他。4)who _ _ you in the match? 你和谁比赛？【答案】1)opposed2)oppose3)is opposed by4)is opposing(1)完成句子i would certainly _ changing the system. 我当然会反对改变这一制度。【答案】oppose(2)名校押题(2011济南质检)most of the local residents _ the closing of their hospital.aavoided bexposedcopposed dreceived【答案与解析】coppose “反对”。题意：大部分当地居民反对关闭他们的医院。6contradict vt. & vi.反驳(某人的言论或文字); 批驳； 驳斥 (指事实、证据等)(与某事物)相反或相矛盾contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的；抵触的selfcontradictory adj.自相矛盾的in contradiction to与正相反1)the witness _ the drivers statement.目击者否认了那名司机的陈述。2)dont _ your father! 不要顶撞你父亲！3)the witnesses statements _ _ _ and the facts remained unclear.目击者的说法各不相同，事实还是不清楚。4)the speaker had got confused, and started _ _. 演讲者弄糊涂了，说话变得自相矛盾。 5)the report _ what we heard yesterday. 这个报告与我们昨天听到的相矛盾。【答案】1)contradicted2)contradict3)contradicted each other4)contradicting himself5)contradicts(1)完成句子your behavior is _ your words. 你的行为与你的言语相矛盾。【答案】in contradiction to(2)名校押题(2010济南调研)people in pisa were angry with galileo for daring to_ the great aristotle.acontradict bconvince cconflict dviolate【答案与解析】a题意：比萨的人们对伽利略极为气恼，因为他竟敢否定伟大的亚里士多德。contradict “反驳；否认；否定”； convince“使相信；使信服”； conflict“冲突”，为不及物动词，常与with连用； violate“违反(法律、法规等)”。7.postpone vt. 使(事件、行动等)延期；推迟 其常见搭配为：postpone sth until / to把某事推迟到postpone doing sth 推迟做某事put sth off; put off doing sth推迟/延缓/拖延某事物delay (doing) sth 延误/延缓/拖延(做)某事；耽搁做某事1)were _ our holiday until we have some more money.我们把度假日期推迟到我们有更多钱的时候。2)the concert _ _ _ _saturday. 音乐会已被推迟到星期六举行。3)it was an unpopular decision to _ building the new hospital.延迟建新医院的决定是不得人心的。【答案】1)postponing2)has been postponed to3)postpone(1)完成句子weve had to _ our wedding until september. 我们得把婚礼延期到九月举行。 【答案】postpone(2)名校押题(2011山东省实验中学诊断性测试)you must be there within an hour. there should be no _in sending the information.aquestion bdoubt cdelay dproblem【答案与解析】c考查名词。题意：你必须一小时内赶到那儿。赶快把消息送出去。there is no question there is no doubt “毫无疑问” ；there is no delay in doing.“毫不拖延地做”；there is no problem with doing. “做没问题”。 8.foresee vt. 预见； 预知； 预料后面常跟名词、代词或从句作宾语。1)the difficulties could not _ _ _. 这些困难是无法预见的。 2)he _ that the job would take a long time. 他预料到做这项工作需要很长时间。 3)they could not _ _ how things would turn out. 他们不可能预知事情的结果。4)do you _ any problems with the new system？对于这种新体制，你看会有什么问题吗？5)he _ that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.他预知自己的旅程会被恶劣的天气耽搁。【答案】1)have been foreseen2)foresaw3)have foreseen4)foresee5)foresaw(1)完成句子she _ that the improvement would continue. 她预测情况将继续好转。 【答案】foresaw(2)名校押题(2010杭州质检)the young woman made a _ to her parents that she would try to earn her own living after graduation.aprediction bpromisecplan dcontribution【答案与解析】bmake a promise“发誓；承诺”。9decline vi.减少；降低；下降；拒绝；谢绝 vt.拒绝；谢绝 n. 减少；下降；衰退常跟名词、代词或不定式作宾语。1)do you think standards of education in some areas _ _ in recent years？你是否觉得最近几年有些地方的教育水准下降了？2)i invited her to join us, but she _. 我邀请她和我们一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。 3)we _ their offer of financial help.我们谢绝了他们提供的资金援助。4)as a result of _ _ in the quality of products, the company lost a lot of customers.由于产品质量的下降，这家公司失去了很多顾客。【答案】1)have declined2)declined3)declined4)the decline(1)完成句子mary _ a hot drink and went to her room.【答案】declined(2)名校押题(2010大连调研)how are you getting along with your business?not very well. the market for these products_ fast due to the financial crisis.awas declined bwas decliningcis declined dis declining【答案与解析】d题意：“最近生意如何？”“不太好。由于金融危机，这些产品的市场在迅速减少。”根据上文“how are you getting along with your business？”可知，这里应该用现在时态，“市场”和“减少”为主谓关系，故选d项。10.seek vt.& vi. 寻找；寻求；设法；试图；探索；谋求；争取常用于seek (for) sth from sb, seek (after / for) sth, seek to do sth 结构。seek ones fortune外出寻找发财机会；外出闯荡；闯世界 seek sb / sth out找出或找到某人/某物1)they _ in vain for somewhere to shelter. 他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。2)we are currently _ new ways of expanding our membership.目前我们正探索发展会员的新途径。3)you must _ _ _ the manager. 你必须设法让经理批准。4)they _ _ to mislead us. 他们试图误导我们。【答案】1)sought2)seeking3)seek permission from4)are seeking(1)完成句子we _ _ _ to tell her of her success. 我们找到她， 告诉她她成功了。【答案】sought her out(2)名校押题(2011济南质检)he determined to_ a building more suited to his parents needs.aseek for bcall onctake on dhold up【答案与解析】aseek for look for“寻求；寻找”。11equip vt. (为某人或地方)配备(设施、装备等)；(为某人)提供(信息、知识、技能等) 常见的结构有：equip sb / sth with sth 为某人配备某物be equipped with sth 装备某物1)we must _ young teachers to deal with difficult children.我们必须让年轻教师具备对付问题学生的能力。2)our laboratory is _ _. 我们的实验室装备良好。3)your training will _ you for your future job. 你受到的训练使你能够胜任未来的工作。4)he _ _ _ much experience in teaching. 他具有丰富的教学经验。【答案】1)equip2)well equipped3)equip4)is equipped with(1)完成句子this is the _ hospital in the area.这是本地区设备最好的医院。【答案】bestequipped(2)名校押题(2010南京师大附中月考)we have already _ourselves for the travel.aequipped bfixedcsupplied dprovided【答案与解析】aequip侧重提供与技术有关的装备、设备或理论知识等；fix“安装；修理；固定”；supply为普通用词，指提供任何所需求的物品；provide强调人的深谋远虑，侧重用储备等方法作充分准备。12concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n担心；关注；(利害)关系as (it) concerns关于concern oneself about / for sth某人为某事担心be concerned about / for sth为某事担心concern oneself with / in 使(某人)与有关系；使牵涉；使参与be concerned in sth与某事有关；参与某事as / so far as.be concerned 就而言1)he doesnt bother about things that dont _ him.那些与他无关的事情，他不去费心。2)she _ _ _ social welfare.她关注社会福利问题。3)there is growing _ _ violence on the internet.人们对网络暴力日渐关注。4)_ parents are having a meeting on how to solve the serious problem.忧心忡忡的家长们正在开会讨论如何解决这个严重的问题。【答案】1)concern2)concerns herself with / in3)concern about4)concerned(1)完成句子as far as i _ _， im not against your plan. 就我而言，我并不反对你的计划。【答案】am concerned(2)名校押题(2010大连市高三双基测试)the story that follows _two athletes who have been accused of taking excitant. aconcerns bstatescrelates drefers【答案与解析】a考查动词。题意：接下来的这个故事涉及两位被指控使用兴奋剂的运动员。 concern “涉及”； state “陈述”； relate “使联系”； refer “谈及”。重点短语探究1in vain 徒然；枉费心机；徒劳无益；白费力气类似用法还有：in place在合适的地方in sight 在视野内；被看到in effect 有效地1)the police tried _ _ to break up the protest crowds.警察试图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。2)all our work was _ _.我们所有的工作都白做了。【答案】1)in vain2)in vain(1)完成句子police searched _ for the missing gunman. 警方搜寻失踪的持枪歹徒，但毫无结果。【答案】in vain(2)名校押题(2011海口质检)the young mans efforts to raise money for his program were _ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.ain place bin sightcin effect din vain【答案与解析】d考查介词短语。in place“在合适的地方”；in sight“在视野内；被看到”；in effect“有效”；in vain“徒劳”。2at random 随便地；任意地；胡乱地guess at random瞎猜open a book at random随便翻开一本书 read at random无目的地浏览1)the librarian took a book _ _ from the shelf.图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。2)the killer appears to have selected his victims _ _.凶手似乎是随意选择被害人。3)please dont spit _ _.请不要随地吐痰。【答案】1)at random2)at random3)at random(1)单项填空 i began to feel _ in the new school when i saw some familiar faces.aat home bat heart cat will dat sight【答案与解析】a题意：在新学校里，当我看到一些熟悉的面孔时，我开始感觉自在。at home“在家；无拘束”； at heart“内心里；实际上”； at will“随意地”； at sight“一见到就”。 (2)名校押题(2010浙江温州八校联考)not all athletes must be tested, but _.aat all bat least cat random dat large【答案与解析】c题意：并非所有的运动员都要药检，只是随机抽查。at all“完全；根本”； at least“至少”； at random“随便地；任意地”； at large“整个；全部”。3.at all costs 不惜任何代价；无论如何同义短语：at any cost at the cost of 以牺牲为代价at cost 照原价；照成本价1)we will save his life _ _ _.我们将不惜任何代价挽救他的生命。2)the bridge must be repaired within three days _ _ _.要不惜一切代价在三天内把桥修好。【答案】1)at all costs2)at all costs(1)完成句子the fire was put out _ _ _ _a firemans life. 这场火灾是以牺牲一位消防队员的生命为代价才扑灭的。【答案】at the cost of(2)名校押题(2010天津市南开中学模拟) his uncle is a car dealer and sold him the car_.aat all costs bat a cost cat the cost dat cost【答案与解析】d题意：他的叔叔是个汽车销售商，因此按原价卖给了他这辆车。at all costs at any cost“不惜任何代价；无论如何”； at a cost (of)“以价格”； at the cost of“以牺牲为代价”； at cost “照原价；照成本价”。4.wipe out 擦拭的内部；彻底摧毁；消灭；除去；取消break out 爆发bring out 拿出；生产carry out 贯彻；执行come out 出版die out 灭绝figure out 计算出；解决；理解；明白give out 分发；耗尽；发出hold out 伸出；维持；坚持(要求)leave out 遗漏；省略let out 释放；泄漏make out 辨认出；理解put out 熄灭；扑灭；生产；伸出pull out 拿出；拔出；(车等)驶出run out 用完；耗尽set out 动身；开始send out 发送stand out 引人注目；杰出turn out 生产出；培养出；结果是try out 试验 work out 算出；弄懂；想出；解决1)_ _ the bath before you use it.使用浴盆前先把里面擦洗干净。2)doctors are searching for a cure that will _ _ cancer.医生们正在寻找治愈癌症的医疗方法。【答案】1)wipe out2)wipe out(1)完成句子the government is trying to _ _ drug trading activities.政府正在竭力清除毒品买卖活动。【答案】wipe out(2)名校押题(2011海口调研)mother stressed again and again that i should not_any important details while retelling the story.abring out blet out cleave out dmake out【答案与解析】c考查动词短语。 题意：母亲反复强调，我在复述这个故事时不应该漏掉任何重要的细节。bring out“拿出；生产”； let out“释放；泄漏”； leave out“遗漏；省略”； make out“辨认出；理解”。 重点句型探究1it struck near the end of the first world war and left families mourning worldwide.它开始于第一次世界大战末期，结果使世界各地的许多家庭承受丧亲之痛。句中的leave意为“使某人/某物处于某种状态”，常用于“leave宾语宾补” 结构中。宾补常由形容词、动词的ing形式、不定式、过去分词、介词短语等充当。make sb / sth 形容词/过去分词 使某人/某事物make sb / sth do sth 强迫/迫使某人/某物做某事； 使某人/某物做某事【仿写】那场大地震使数以万计的人们无家可归。_【答案】that big earthquake left thousands of people homeless.1)dont leave her _ outside in the rain. 不要让她在外面雨中等着。2)the boy left the cake _， because it didnt taste nice. 男孩留下蛋糕未动，因为不好吃。3)they left in a hurry, leaving many problems _ _ _. 他们匆匆离去，留下许多问题需要解决。【答案】1)waiting2)untouched3)to be settled(1)完成句子she went on playing the computer game, _ _ _ _. 她让水哗哗地流着，继续玩电脑游戏。【答案】leaving the water running(2)名校押题(2011济南质检) he was so careless that he left, _the door_.aleaving; unlocked bto leave; locked cleft; unlocked dleaving; locking【答案与解析】a考查非谓语动词。题意：他是如此粗心，竟然没有锁门就走了。这里leave与其逻辑主语he之间的逻辑关系为主动，故用现在分词作状语，表伴随；the door与lock之间的逻辑关系为被动，故用过去分词作宾补。 2.with all the international effort being made, we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a bird flu epidemic in its tracks.因为有国际社会的共同努力，我们必须相信我们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。with all the international effort being made 是with的复合结构，即“with 宾语宾补”，此处的宾补是being made。with的复合结构还有：(1)with 名词介词短语 the man came in with a book in his hand.那个男人手里拿着一本书进来了。在书面语中，上句也可以说成：the man came in, book in hand.(2)with 名词形容词 (强调名词的特性或状态)with the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently.天气这么闷热，十有八九要下雨。(3)with 名词副词with john away, we have got more room.约翰走了，我们的空间大了一些。(4)with 名词过去分词 (强调名词是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)with this problem solved, new penicillin is now in regular production.随着这个问题的解决，新青霉素1号现在已正式生产。(5)with 名词现在分词 (名词是现在分词动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行)i wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.由于母亲生病了，我不能出去度假。(6)with 名词/代词 to do (不定式动作尚未发生)so in the afternoon, with nothing to do, i went on playing football.由于下午没事可做，我继续踢足球。【仿写】由于很多问题需要处理，他匆匆走了。_【答案】with a lot of problems to deal with, he left in a hurry.(1)完成句子dont stand _ _ _ _ _ _. 站着时别把双手插在袋里。【答案】with your hands in your pockets(2)名校押题(2010南京调研)come on, please give me some ideas about the project.sorry. with so many problems _my mind, i almost break down.afilled bfillingcto fill dbeing filled 【答案与解析】b考查with的复合结构。所填词作with复合宾语结构的宾语补足语，与so many problems之间是主谓关系，且表示正在发生的动作，用ving形式。高考真题探究1(2010 山东，22)if we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.a不填； the b不填； a cthe; a dthe; the【答案与解析】c考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。题意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔；视野良好”之意。2(2010 辽宁，26)doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.acan bwill cmust dmay【答案与解析】c考查情态动词。题意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。can“可能”；