Unit1Alandofdiversity.doc

Unit 1 A land of diversity教材分析I教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是美国第三大州加利福尼亚。本单元的两篇文章分别采用两种写作手法来让读者了解加利福尼亚的具体情况。Warming Up部分以填图的形式让学生对美国的地理有一个初步的认识，同时也让他们了解加利福尼亚州的位置，为学习阅读文章做准备。这部分可以以小组活动的形式进行，努力调动学生讨论的积极性，以达到热身的效果。Pre-reading部分让学生观看加州的土著人、金矿工和中国城的图片，并多针对这些图片进行讨论，激发学生对加利福尼亚的兴趣。Reading部分是详细介绍加州居民和移民的历史，更加形象地使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。Learning about Language部分突出了词汇和语法的学习与训练。本单元的语法是名词性从句的具体用法。 Using Language部分中包括了听、读、写三个部分的内容，是本单元主要篇章的有力补充和辅助。学生可从乔治的旅游过程中了解加州的旅游景点，以及其文化、习俗和人们的生活状况。该部分提出的一些问题有利于培养学生独立思考的能力和人文精神。其中写作部分是训练学生选取和组织材料的能力通过思考，写出叙述合理且思路清晰的电子邮件或者明信片。 Learning Tip指导学生掌握和别人交谈时的技巧，以及鼓励别人说话的方法。 II教学重点和难点1. 教学重点(1) 本单元教学目的和要求中的生词和短语；(2) 掌握运用名词性从句的具体用法；(3) 了解加利福尼亚移民的特点以及加州的人文、历史等。2. 教学难点(1) 了解美国文化的多元化特征，培养学生跨文化交际的意识，提高他们自身的素质；(2) 学会使用“方向和位置”来介绍一个地方或描述一个事件，以及鼓励别人说话的方法；(3) 学写有关介绍国家或城市等的说明文。III教学计划本单元建议分六课时：第一课时：Warming Up, Listening (Workbook) & Talking (Workbook)第二课时：Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending第三课时：Learning about Language第四课时：Using Language第五、六课时： Listening task (Workbook), Speaking and writing task (Workbook) & Reading task (Workbook)IV教学步骤：Period 1 Warming Up, Listening (Workbook) & Talking (Workbook)Teaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to talk about things about the USA.2. To develop Ss ability in listening and speaking.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Leading-inPurpose: To arouse Ss interest in the topic of this unit.Ask Ss to look at the following pictures and talk about the questions.1. If you want to learn something about a country, a state, etc, what do you want to know? 2. How many states are there in the USA? 3. How many Great Lakes are there in America? 4. Which ocean does California border? and other questions if time permits.Step 2. Warming Up Purpose: To introduce the topic of this unit to Ss in the form of discussion. 1. Ask Ss to write the names on the map on P1 according to the requirements as soon as possible. Then get Ss to ask each other the questions. If time permits, have one or two groups to present their dialogue to the whole class.(1) Have you ever been to America? Do you want to go there?(2) If so, which city or state do you want to go to first? Why?(3) When you travel around all the city or state, can you describe it in details?2. Divide Ss into four groups and ask them to talk about the difference between California and Washington D. C. Different Ss may give different answers. Make notes of some valuable information and reach a conclusion.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?California Washington D. C.AdvantagesGet along well with many Chinese-Americans; many places of interest; the center of finance; California Institute of Technology and Stanford University.The capital of USA; the center of government; the center of culture; many government employees here; many interesting places; large in area but has a small population.DisadvantagesA large number of earthquakes; Often dry and short of fresh waterProblems of human rights and public security; there is crime frequently.3. Ask Ss to discuss the following questions and encouragethem to give as much information as possible. After the discussion, the teacher can write down some key words on the blackboard to help Ss to have a general impression of USA and California.(1) Have you ever talked with or e-mailed people who have been USA?(2) If the governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, comes to China and you have a chance to ask three questions, what do you want to ask?Conclusion: USA is a developed country and has many kinds of cultures and California is the third largest state. United States of America is composed of a federal district Washington DC and 50 states. All the states except for Hawaii islands are situated in mainland America. It has a population of about 2,900 million. Its area is 9,370,000 sq km. The climate of USA is mainly temperate in nature but in Hawaii and Florida, it is tropical. The American President lives and works in the White House. The Statue of Liberty is 46 meters high, with a torch in her right hand holding aloft and Declaration of Independence in her left. California is one of the American states of the largest population, with the most developed economy.Step 3. Pre-listeningPurpose: To help Ss to guess the main idea about the listening by the given information.1. Ask Ss to discuss the picture on P46 with their partners in groups of six.(1) What are the people doing?(2) Can you guess what festival it may be?(3) What activities can the people hold?2. Get Ss to look through the questions and let their partners state their opinions on the listening material. At the same time remind them of the key words: what, where, when, why and preparations. After talking, ask Ss to present their opinions to all classmates.Step 4. Listening (Workbook)Purpose: To learn how to narrate a story .To develop Ss listening ability. To gain some information about American city New Orleans.1. Ask Ss to look through the sentences of the first part and listen to the tape carefully. Play the tape twice. For the first time, just ask Ss to listen for the gist. For the second time, ask Ss to prepare for Ex3 on P46. 2. Ask Ss to listen to the tape again and mark the location of New Orleans on the map and finish Ex4 on P47. Step 5. Talking (Workbook)Purpose: To get Ss to talk about a city or province in China. 1. Pre-speaking:(1) Ask Ss to think about the following questions and then present their views to all classmates. Who are the hero or heroin during the talk? What is the location of New Orleans? Why did Mandy Long go to New Orleans?(2) Ask Ss to discuss the questions given in Ex1 on P47 and present their opinions in class. The answers are different according to their choices.2. While-speakingPurpose: To get Ss to talk with others and improve their skills in speaking.(1) Show some pictures for the students as examples and discuss the question. What would you like to see in China?(2) Ask students to use the following words and phrases in the discussion. I think/ dont think I like doing/ to do It would be possible to Where do you like? I prefer What do you think of？ In my opinion would be a perfect place for me. (3) After the discussion, ask some pairs to present their dialogues.Sample dialogue:S1: Hi, everyone. This is Judy Smith, and youre listening to a daily program about different places of interest in the world. Today on the show, we have Li Hua, a Chinese student who is studying in Yale University. Welcome, Li Hua.S2: Thank you for having me.S1: Which city do you like to visit in your country? S2: I like visiting Jinan. It is a perfect place for me because I was born there.S1: Oh, you must know more about this city.S2: Of course. I think Jinan is a beautiful city. If I say something about it, you will want to go there very much.S1: Now first, tell us exactly where Jinan is?S2:Its in the north of Shandong Province. It is the capital city. The Yellow River flows through it. It has an area of 91,058 sq km. S1: What do you think of this city?S2: In my opinion, it is a city worth visiting. It is called “ the spring city” because there are many famous and splendid springs in the city. Also there are lots of famous mountains and parks. It is a perfect place for you to visit.S1: I see. It must be your pride. And when you graduate from the university, do you still want to return there?S2: Well, my parents still live in the city, and they wish I can go back to make a contribution to the city. All the same, I want to devote myself to making the city even prettier. So I will choose go back to my homeland.S1: Can you describe the cultures and customs in your born city?S2: Step 6. Homework 1. Ask Ss to continue talking about a familiar place with your classmates.2. Ask Ss to go over all the new words and prepare for the Reading part.Period 2 Pre-reading, Reading & ComprehendingTeaching Goals:1. To review what Ss have already known about California?2. To develop Ss some basic reading skills.3. To arouse Ss interest in learning about the history of people in California.4. To help Ss learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America, especially in California.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Pre-readingPurpose: To arouse Ss interest in learning about American inhabitants. 1. Show some pictures, and encourage Ss to give as much information as possible.2. Ask Ss to illustrate something about California. Then let them discuss in groups what each picture means.Suggested Answers:Picture 1: Life of Native Californian IndiansPicture 2: A Californian gold miner around 1849Picture 3: A traditional Chinese building in San Franciscos ChinatownPicture 4: Native AmericanPicture 5: A Spanish monkPicture 6: African Americans3. Get Ss to talk freely with their partners about what each picture is about and how each one relates to California. After talking, ask the students to present their own opinions in class.Suggested Answers:Picture 1: A native American Indian one of the first people to live in California.Picture 2: A gold miner the discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California.Picture 3: A building in Chinatown, San Francisco many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco.Picture 5: It shows us a Catholic religious man who came to California to teach the natives. In the early 16th century, Spanish fought against the native people, took their land and settled in California.Picture 6: So many African Americans were having classes in the school. In 1924, the United States Congress gave Native Americans the same rights as other citizens for the first time. School segregation and discrimination in housing were banned, but African Americans still encountered prejudice and hostility.Step 2. ReadingPurpose: To get Ss to know how to skim for the gist. To get Ss to know the brief history focusing on the settlement of the state of California. To let Ss learn how to organize an expository writing.1. Leading-inPurpose: To arouse students interest in the text and encourage Ss to imagine the content of the text.Ask Ss to look at the pictures and answer the questions. (1) How many beautiful scenes do you know in California?(2) What information about California have you learned till now?2. Fast readingPurpose: To get a brief understanding of the text.Team work:(1) Ask Ss to read the first paragraph and the headings in the rest of the text. Then ask them to find out the relative time about the settlement of the people. Tell Ss to pay more attention to the first and the last sentence of each paragraph. Then let them fill in the form according to the text.ImmigrantsTimeNative AmericansAt least fifteen thousand years agoThe SpanishIn the 18th centuryRussians In the early 1800sGold MinersIn 1848Chinese In the 1860sItalians In the late 19th centuryDanishIn 1911 Jewish In the 1920sJapaneseAt the beginning of the 20th centuryCambodians, Koreans, Vietnamese, Laotians, Indians and Pakistanis From about 1970s(2) Ask Ss to read the text quickly and work in pairs and try to tell which of the following statements are true and which are false and why. California is the largest state in the USA but has the third largest population. Many Californians speak Spanish because they think the Spanish language is beautiful. South Americans and people from the United States were the first to arrive in California to rush for gold. During the Gold Rush Period many Chinese immigrant arrived in California only to find gold. Indians and Pakistanis are good at making computers.Suggested Answers: F F T F T 3. Intensive reading(1) Ask Ss to take the quiz below and according to the questions; see whether Ss can grasp the details of the text. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The history of California. B. The large population of California. C. The people of California. D. The climate and lifestyle of California. How did California become a state of America? A. Mexico gained independence from Spain. B. Mexico lost the America-Mexico war and then gave it to the USA. C. Spain lost the Spain-America war. D. Spain gave it to the USA as a gift. Which of the following statements is not true? A. A lot of people became rich in the gold rush. B. Most people died in the gold rush. C. After the gold rush, most people settled in California although did not find gold. D. The first to arrive in California for gold were Europeans. Whats the main reason that Chinese immigrants came to California? A. For gold. B. For the building of the railway. C. To open restaurants. D. To live in the Chinatown. Why has California attracted so many people? A. Gold was discovered here. B. It has attractive climate and lifestyle. C. Many people came here to make a fortune. D. All of the above.Suggested Answers: A B C B D (2) Ask Ss to read the text carefully and try to get more details from the text and then finish Ex2 on P3.(3) Ask Ss to make a summary according the following tips.Native Americans the Spanish Russians Gold miners later arrivalsmost recent arrivals the future (4) Ask Ss to use their own word to conclude why California in the 21st century is such a multicultural community.Suggested Answers:The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, Native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers. 4. Language pointPurpose: To train Ss listening ability and language capacity.(1) Ss are divided into four groups. Each group is supposed to read through each part, and then find the following phrases.the third largest state a multicultural state it is likely that by means of in prehistoric times in addition die from fight against the majority gain independence became part of declare war onmake a life (for sb) a large percentagekeep up at the beginning ofbecome home to the mix of nationalities(2) Explain some important sentences for Ss. This is not surprising when you know the history of California, which, at various times, has attracted people from nearly every country in the world. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. It was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up its Danish culture. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.Step 3. Homework1. Ask Ss to recite the new words, useful expressions and important sentences in the text.2. Have Ss surf the internet to learn more about California.3. Ask Ss to finish Ex1 and Ex2 of Learning about language on P4.4. Ask Ss to try to finish the exercises of Using Words And Expressions on P48.Period 3 Learning about LanguageTeaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to master some new words and expressions.2. To get Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: the attributive clause (由where, when, why, 介词+which, 介词+whom引导的定语从句).Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Word studyPurpose: To consolidate the words and phrases in the text.1. Ask Ss to read the reading text and find words that mean the same.Alternative expressionsWords and expressions from the texta great numberrate, number or amount in each hundredshow sth, especially by pointing or suggest the possibility or probabilitya method or a way of doingmixing or being mixedmoving of people from one country to come to live in another country permanently_condition of being a slavecharacteristic of race ; due to or resulting from racenarrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of watermembership of a particular nationtake place; happennever stop; continue steadily; go onmake known publicly or officiallySuggested Answers:Alternative expressionsWords and expressions from the texta great numbera great manyrate, number or amount in each hundredpercentageshow sth, especially by pointing or suggest the possibility or probabilityindicatea method or a way of doingmeansmixing or being mixedmixturemoving of people from one country to come to live in another country permanently_immigrationcondition of being a slaveslaverycharacteristic of race ; due to or resulting from raceracialnarrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of waterstraitmembership of a particular nationnationalitytake place; happenoccu