学八年级英语第一学期期末复习汇编 Unit 4 Our World（考点词汇+目标短语+重点句型+考点剖析细比细看）（新版）仁爱版.doc

2013-2014学年度第一学期八年级英语期末复习汇编unit 4 our world&考点词汇earthquake, clear , nature , sheep , goose , above , joy , rose , snake , fox , feed , cover , earth , dark , forest , control , wood , rainforest, rubber , protect , main , ocean , drop , dig , robot , scientist , appear , situation , repair , mend ,. toward (s) , planet , information , object , balloon , wake , real , dictionary , remain , pull , government , wonder , live , treasure , underground , palace , west , weigh , ton , king , ancient , regard&目标短语feed on 以为食 in fact 实际上，事实上 make up 组成，构成on earth 在地球上; (加强疑问句的语气)究竟 on the earth在地球上fill .with 用填满 in danger 处在危险状态 take the place of 取代，代替mistake. .for 把错当成 wake up/wake . up 醒来/把叫醒call for 寻求，需要，号召，提倡 spend.on/ (in) doing sth. 花费.在某事上/做某事for example=for instance 例如 look up 抬头看，查询，查阅，查找pay attention to 注意 begin/ start with 以开始write to 写信给 plug in 接通(电源) ，把(插头)插进(插座)pull down 拆毁(建筑物) be made up of 由组成according to 按照 from now ( then) on 从现在(那时)起regard. as.=treatas 把看作. lose oneself in 沉迷于，专心致志于think about 考虑(是否去做)&功能意念1. 肯定与不肯定im sure (of that) .im (quite) sure (that) robots can do some work faster and better than humans.im not (so) sure.im not sure whether/if there are ufos.maybe youre right.its hard to say.perhaps she is at home now.2. 比较(1)同级比较my ruler is as long as yours.i can run as fast as you can.this book is not as interesting as that one.i cant run so (as) fast as you (can).(2) 差别比较the hens are much/ a little smaller than cows/geese.rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller.i think animals are more interesting than plants.i run faster than jim.the mice are the smallest of all.i think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.its one of the most dangerous fishes in the world.(3) 相似和差别this picture is the same as that one on the wall.lucy is like her mother.tom looks like his father.my picture is different from yours.there are five differences between the two pictures.&语法精粹1. 形容词比较级和最高级。2. 反意疑问句。3. whether/ if 引导的宾语从句。&考点剖析1. thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. 数以百万计的动物生活在热带雨林中。thousands of 意为好几千;成千上万是一个大概的数目。如:there are thousands of workers working in the factory. 这家工厂有好几千工人在上班。【链接】表示大概数目时， thousand/hundred/million 后要变复数，前面可加many 等数目模糊的修饰词，而且必须搭配of所有格。而表示一个确切数目时， thousand/hundred/ million 后不能变复数，前面须加数词，不能搭配of 所有格。如:there are two thousand workers in the factory two。这家工厂有两千工人。2. but, now rainforest are becoming smaller and smaller. 但是，现在热带雨林正变得越来越小。smaller and smaller 越来越小形容词(或副词)的比较级+ and +形容词(或副词)的比较级表示越来越.。如:she feels better and better. 她感觉越来越好。tom runs faster and faster. 汤姆跑得越来越快了。【链接】多音节形容词(或副词)表示越来越要用more and more +多音节形容词(或副词)的原级来表示。如:she is becoming more and more beautiful.她变得越来越漂亮了。he did his work more and more carefully. 他工作越来越仔细了。3. in fact , water makes up the largest part of the human body. 实际上，人体的绝大部分是由水分组成的。此处make up 是构成，形成的意思。另外，be made up of 是由组成的意思。如:the passage is made up of four paragraphs. 本文由四段组成。4. and im sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans. 我相信机器人做某些工作比人做得更快、更好。be sure + that 引导从句，其中that 可省略。如:im sure( that) he will come. 我确信他会来。【链接】(1) be not sure + whether/if 引导从句，意为不确信是否。如:im not sure whether/if robots will make humans lose their jobs. 我不敢肯定机器人是否会让人类失业。(2) be sure to +动词原形，意为一定会的，必定会(发生)的。如:its a really good film and youre sure to like it.它确实是一部好电影，你一定会喜欢。(3) be sure of +名词(短语)/代词，意为(对获得. )有把握的。如:ive never felt sure of success. 我从来没有对胜利有充足的信心。5. people often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for ufos. 人们经常把风筝或气球等人造物体误认为ufo 。mistake +名词+ for +名词把.误认为。如:i mistook anna for her sister. 我误把安娜当做是她妹妹。【链接】(1) make a mistake 中mistake 作名词，意为错误，失误, make a mistake 意为犯错。如:dont worry , we all make mistakes. 没关系;我们都会犯错。(2) by mistake 意为错误地，无意地。如:i took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。6. when you look up a word in the dictionary , you must pay attention to the first letter of the word. 当你在词典里查单词时，你必须注意这个词的第一个字母。look up 意为(在词典或参考书中)查找其宾语若为代词，必须放在up 前;若为名词，放在up前后均可。如:look up the word in the dictionary 在词典里查这个词【链接】look up 还可以作抬头看;向上看解。如:she looked up and saw me. 她抬起头来看见了我。7. lets go and have a look, shall we?本句是由祈使句+附加疑问部分构成。祈使句的附加疑问部分常用wil1 you ，通常不必考虑祈使句是肯定还是否定。但要注意，以lets 开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we。如:close the window , will you? 关上窗户，好吗?lets go shopping tonight , shall we? 我们今晚去购物，好吗?&细比细看1. if/whether(1) he doesnt mind _ they are good or not.(2) i want to know _ it is going to rain tomorrow.(3) _ this is true or not , i can not say.(4) i havent decided _ to go to the cinema or to stay at home.(5) i havent settled the question of _ ill go back home.【分析比较】二者作连词引导宾语从句意为是否一般情况下可互换。(2) 题意为我想知道明天是否会下雨，故填if/whether 。以下几种情况只能用whether 而不用if。whether 后可接or not ，即whether . or not 意为不论是否 。(1)题意为他并不介意它们是否是好的故填whether 。whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。(3) 题意为这件事是否真实，我说不准从句放在主句前，故填whether 。不定式前用whether ，而不用if。(4) 题意为我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里连词后用不定式，故填whether 。介词后用whether，而不用if。(5)题意为我还没有决定是否回家，在介词of后只能用whether。2. take the place of/take ones place/in place of/take place(1) mr. wu will _ miss chen to teach us eng1ish this term.(2) there is no room for you now _, please.(3) mr. wu wi11 teach us english _ miss chen this term.(4) the film festival _ in october.【分析比较】take the place of 和take ones place均为动词短语，意思分别是代替某人的职务, 坐某人的座位。前者须接宾语;后者不接宾语。(1)题意为这学期吴老师将代替陈老师教我们英语 , miss chen 为宾语，故填take the place of。(2)题意为现在没有空位了，请坐我的位置，故填take my place。in place of 意为代替是介词短语，多作状语。(3)题意为吴老师代替陈老师教我们英语,而且句子结构要求填非谓语形式，故填in place of.take place 指(根据安排或计划)举行;发生。(4)题意为电影节将在十月举行。，故填takes place。3. live/living/ alive/lively(1) have you seen a _ dinosaur(恐龙)?(2) is the snake _ or dead?(3) what a _ girl she is!(4) her story is _ and interesting.【分析比较】live , living 和alive都可作形容词，意思是活着的，有生命的。live和living用法相同，可作表语或定语，而alive多作表语，作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词后; live用作形容词时还可译为现场直播的;现场演出的。(1)题意为你见过活的恐龙吗?句子缺少定语，故填live 或1iving。(2)题意为那条蛇是活的还是死的?句子缺少表语，故填alive , live 或living均可。lively 作形容词，意为活泼的，生动的，充满活力的。(3) 题意为她是一个多么活泼的女孩!，故填lively。(4) 题意为她的故事生动有趣，故填lively。4. with + sth. /by + sth.(1) she was killed _ a falling tree.(2) she cut the apple _ a knife.(3) how did you write the letter? i wrote it _ a ball pen.【分析比较】with +东西表示行为主体(人)把该东西当作具体工具使用。(2