SAT语法最全总结剖析.ppt

Run onsentence 定义特征解决方法 Run onsentencedefinition Arun onsentenceisasentenceinwhichtwoormoreindenpendentclauses thatis completesentence arejoinedwithnopunctuationorconjuction Run onsentence CommafaultTomputalightedmatchonthepaper itstartedtoburn FusedsentenceTomputalightedmatchonthepaperthenitstartedtoburn 解决方法 1 逗号 句号Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper Itstartedtoburn 2 逗号 并列连词 and but or Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper anditstartedtoburn 3 逗号 分号Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper itstartedtoburn 4 分号 连接副词 therefore thus however furthermore Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper therefore itstartedtoburn 5 单句改复句whenTomputalightedmatchonthepaper itstartedtoburn 副词 表示行为或状态的特征时间副词 地点副词 频率副词 方式副词 程度副词 连接副词 关系副词 疑问副词 连接副词 SAT官方指南 alsoinotherwordsthereforeforinstanceforexamplehoweverassuchmoreoverinbroadtermsfurthermoresubsequently incontrastneverthelessthusconsequentlypreviouslysimilarlyhencelikewiseinadditionalternativelyfinally 语义归类 增补 also forinstance forexample assuch moreover inbroadterms furthermore likewise inaddition similarly转折 inotherwords however incontrast nevertheless alternatively原因 therefore subsequently consequently thus hence时间 previously finally 连词 并列连词 从属连词 用来引导名词性从句和状语从句从属连词所引导的句子是从句含有从句的句子叫复合句after although asbecause before if when until whether while that unless since 连接副词 用法1 位置 可前 可后 可中Itwasraining Thereforeweremainedathome Itwasraining Therefore weremainedathome Itwasraining thereforeweremainedathome Itwasraining therefore weremainedathome Itwasraining we therefore remainedathome Itwasraining weremainedathome therefore 用法2 部分连接副词可与部分并列连词共存youcanstayathome andor youcangoforawalk hedidn tseeme andbutIsawhim Itisstrange andyetitisture Thenewcarissmallandthereforecheaper Therainwasheavyandconsequentlythelandwasflooded 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的本质非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的语法功能不定时ing分词 动名词和现在分词 过去分词 非谓语的本质 不做谓语的动词workathomecanimproveourefficient workingathomecanimproveourefficient 分类 不定时todo to do动名词doing分词doingdone 语法功能 新SAT语法之平行结构 平行结构基本要求平行结构中的连词和标点符号比较结构真题 中国诗和西洋诗 登池上楼谢灵运 潜虬媚幽姿 飞鸿响远音 薄霄愧云浮 栖川怍渊沉 ARed RedRoseRobertBurns O myloveislikeared redrose That snewlyspringinjune O myloveislikethemelody That ssweetlyplayedintune 平行结构的美学价值 中国建筑 西洋建筑 AllnightlonghecanhearNaturebreathingdeeplyandfreely R L Stevenson Travelswithadonkey他彻夜都能听见大自然深沉而自由的呼吸 Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetime andsomeofthepeopleallthetime butyoucannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime AbrahamLincoln Toraiseahappy healthy andHopefulchild ittakesafamily ittakesteachers ittakesclergy ittakesbusinesspeople ittakescommunityleader Ittakesthosewhoprotectourhealthandsafety Ittakesallofus HillaryClinton 1996 NationalDemocraticConventionAddress whatweneedintheUnitedStatesisnotdivision WhatweneedintheUnitedisnothatred WhatweneedintheUnitedStatesisnotviolenceandlawlessness butisloveandwisdomandcompassiontowardoneanother andafeelingofjusticetowardthosewhostillsufferwithinourcountrywhethertheybewhiteorwhethertheybeblack RobertF Kennedy announcingthedeathofMartinLutherKing NotthatIlovedCaesarless butthatIlovedRomemore Shakespeare 考什么 词性时态 语态非谓语动词形式 平行结构 在诗歌或散文中 在语法结构 发音 韵律和意义等方面连续运用相似的语言结构 AandBAorBbothAandBnotOnlyAbutalsoBeitherAorBneitherAnorBnotAbutBmorethan 简洁性 历届真题中 正确答案为最短或次短选项的几率占到总试题的80 以上 Brevityisavirtue SAT的简洁性原则大致可表现为以下几个方面 1 能用一个词或词组表达的绝对不要用一个从句或句子表达 使用一个完整句子来表达一个信息 一定比一个词或词组要长 这不符合SAT的简洁性原则 例 Theeditorischeckingthemanuscripttoseeifitisaccurate Theeditorischecckingthemanuscriptforitsaccuracy 例 IlovethecitywhichislocatedinthewestofCanada IlovethecitylocatedinthewestofCanada 例 IwenttothepostofficesothatIcouldmailaletter Iwenttothepostofficetomailaletter P S 中文的表达习惯是使用从句 很多同学把中文转换为英文时 难免会受到中文的影响 在英文里也使用从句 这也是Chinglish的一个特色 请翻译 当你走到第二个红绿灯时 请向右转 Sample Whenyouwalktothesecondtrafficlight turnright Turnrightatthesecondtrafficlight 2 用 because从句 表达原因 表达比较复杂的原因时 SAT倾向于用 because从句 任何其他表达无效 例 IloveMarybecauseshehashelpedmealot 上句是SAT喜欢的表达方式 但在SAT的迷惑选项中 往往会出现下列形式 IloveMaryduetothefactthatshehashelpedmealot IloveMaryonaccountofherhavinghelpedmealot 3 许多定语从句可以用一个形容词来表达 在普通语法中 下列句子的定语从句使用不仅正确 还能起到强调的修辞效果 但在SAT看来都是不简洁的表达 Maryisagirlwhoisverypretty Tomisamanwhoisveryold Itisabookthatisveryinteresting Maryisaveryprettygirl Tomisaveryoldman Itisaveryinterestingbook 4 句意不要重复 AisequallyasimportantasB AisasimportantasB Thecurrenteffortssheismakingnowwillpayoff Theeffortssheismakingnowwillpayoff 名词性从句 主语从句 Itis 名词 that从句Itisafactthat Itisanhonorthat Itisacommonbeliefthat Itisashamethat Itisanunavoidabletaskthatyounggenerationaconserveandpromotetheirnationalhistorialandcultureheritage 主语从句 Itis 形容词 that从句Itisobviousthat Itisimperativethat Itisridiculousthat Itisdesirablethat Itisimperativeandappropriatethatthegovernmentcomplements assistsandaddsprogramsfortheadvancemntofarts 主语从句 Itis 过去分词 从句Itisreportedthat Itisestimatedthat Itcannotbedeniedthat Itiscommonlybelievedthat ItmustbepointedoutthatEnglishglobalizationwillresultinonehomogenousworld 主语从句 It 不及物动词 从句Itseemsthat Itappearstosb that Itoccurstosb that Itappearsthatmuseumsandgalleriespromotethepublic senjoymentandunderstandingtheoilpaintingandotherfinearts 主语从句whether Whethertraditionsdeservepreservinghassparkedaheateddiscussioninourcommunity Whetheryoungpeopleshouldbeencouragedtoweartraditionalcostumeshasbeenanissueofcontroversy 主语从句 wh how Itremainsunknownwhateverwillhappenifwefailtoprotectourculturalheritage WhytherearesomanyadsandcommercialstodisturbnormalTVprogramsremainsclear 宾语从句 做动词的宾语1 that引导的宾语从句 that没有意义 在口语和非正式文体中常省略 Recentresearchhasshownthat 宾语从句 做动词的宾语whether if引导的宾语从句 if不与ornot连用ManyexpertsdoubtwhetherEnglishshouldbeusedastheonlyglobleandofficiallanguage 动词 形式宾语 补语 宾语从句Wedeemitagreatculturallossthataborigialtribesgiveuptheircultures 宾语从句 做形容词的宾语EldersareworriedthatsomeChi