高中英语 5年高考3年模拟 专题04 形容词与副词（浙江专版）.doc

2013届英语科5年高考3年模拟浙江专版专题04 形容词与副词【备考策略】一。形容词的比较级和最高级的使用说 明例 词一般情况加er, estsmaller,smallest以e 结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est以辅音字母+y 结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er ,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加more mostmore beautiful,most important（1）副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest（2）比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称句型 例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )the train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.he has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )she is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than health is more important than wealth.超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个he is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不he is no richer than i.他和我一样不富有。用于否定最不过his work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）the quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）of all things in the world, people are the precious.（3）比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.john is almost as tall as you.the river is three times as long as that one.we have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) it takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.its cold this year, but its even colder last year.we produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondthis hat is by far the largest in the world.gold is the very most valuable of all materials .二、位置与功能高考重点要求1掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。3注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。4分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。1定语。 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting english film a heavy black chinese silk umbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。he went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。n：某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river an english-speaking country a middle-aged man副词位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。they went boating in zhongshan park yesterday.2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。he is always telling lies,so i will never believe him.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）he is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.n:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。he is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)he can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）考点解析考点一、倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)a is倍数比较级thanb(2)a is倍数as原级asb(3)a is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofb(4)a is倍数thatofb(5)a is倍数what 引导的名词性从句this building is three times higher than that one.this building is three times as high as that one.this building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 the output of this year is 3 times that of 2012.the output of this year is 3 times what it was in 20012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。after the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2012as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。1. when you study the local map，youll find this town is_.atwice the si ze of that onebtwice as a large town as thatctwice as larger as that onedtwice as la rger a town as that解析： 句意为：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：a is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of b；b项中不定冠词位置错误；c、d项中as后应用形容词原级。答案： a2 peters jacket looked just the same as jacks，but it cost_his.aas much twice as btwice as much ascmuch as twice as das twice much as解析： 倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。答案： b3 my uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice_ _expensive.aas bsoctoo dvery解析： 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是“twice”，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了“as.as.”这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。答案： a考点二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1“as形容词(a/an)名词as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。it is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。the work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。3“the比较级of the two 名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。the taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4a形容词比较级n.after two years research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。we went to the usa in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。5比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。the students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。a car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。6最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。the bridge being built now is by far the longest across the yellow river.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词比较级最高级。there is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？no.it couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。1. believe it or not，swimming is_as any to lose unwanted weight.aa way as good bas a good waycas a way good das good a way 解析： 考查固定短语。as.as表示“和一样”，固定表达方式有“asadj./adv.as”“asadj.a/ann.as”等。答案： d2 do you think that the 11th chinese national games were a success?yes，_！it couldnt be _.arelatively；better bapproximately；worsecabsolutely；better dfortunately；worse解析： 本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地；approximately 大约；absolutely 当然是，绝对正确；fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故c项正确。答案： c3 of the two cameras，i would prefer _one，which is very easy for me to carry.aa smaller bthe smallestca small dthe smaller解析： 考查形容词比较级。由of the two cameras 可知，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那台”，应该用比较级smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用the smaller，选d项。答案： d考点三、形容词、副词的基本用法1形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。after the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。2有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等he is old.he works hard，though.though he is old，he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。3有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the pla.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。4can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好。i was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。you can never be too careful in the street. 在大街上你越仔细越好。1. _，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.ashy and cautious bsensitive and thoughtfulchonest and confident dlighthearted and optimistic解析： 句意为：她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的；sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的；honest and confide nt 诚实的、自信的。答案： d2 jim went to answer the phone._，harry started to prepare lunch.ahowever bneverthelesscbesides dmeanwhile解析： 句意为：jim 去接电话了。与此同时，harry 开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。a.然而；b.虽然如此；c.除此之外；d.与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系，应选择表示并列关系的d。答案： d3 we only had $100 and that was_to buy a new computer.anowhere near enough bnear enough nowherecenough near nowhere dnear nowhere enough解析： 句意为：我们只有100美元，离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰 词顺序。not anywhere near 或nowhere near：far from，not at all远非，绝不是，为固定短语。答案： a4 when it was his turn to deliver his speech，_，he walked towards the microphone.anervously and embarrassingly bnervous and embarrassedlycnervously and embarrassing dnervous and embarrassed解析： 该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：he lay in bed，awake.再如：her husband came back，drunk.答案： d 五年高考 a组 2012年全国高考题组1.【2012浙江卷】10.the research lacksevidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.a. solidb. fiercec. severed. potential【考点】形容词词义辨析【答案】a【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。2.【2012湖北卷】26. “perhaps we need to send for dr. smith to see what we can do about it,” father suggested _ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. a. tentativelyb. thoughtlesslyc. definitelyd. rudely【答案】 a【考点】考查副词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”，父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。a项“试探性地”，符合语境。b项意为“欠考虑地”，c项意为“明确地”，d项意为“粗鲁地”，都与语境不符。3.【2012山东卷】33. be _ you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. a. reasonableb. confidentc. creative d. grateful 【答案】a【解析】此处confident信心；creative有创造力的；grateful感激的；reasonable有道理的。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。【考点】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。4.【2012全国新课程】26. the result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _.a. the best b. bestc. better d. the better 【答案】d 【解析】此处so much修饰名词，所以用the better的形式。句意：这结果对我们来说不很重要，但如果我们真的赢了，那就太好了。【考点】考查形容词、副词的比较等级的用法。5.【2012安徽卷】23. interest is as to learning as the ability to understand , even more so. a. vital b. available c. specific d. similar 【答案】a【解析】be vital to 表示：对.极端重要；something be available to somebody表示：某人可以得到某物，列句：cooperative medical service is available to all the members of the the commune. c答案specific 不能与to 搭配；d 答案 similar to 表示：与.相似。本题可以把定于to understand 省掉，也可以把后面的even more so省掉或还原。interest is as to learning as the ability 这样可以确定b是错误的，d更是错误的。interest is even more than the ability to understand.很佩服出卷人！原句： interest is vital to learning 互联网对于学习极端重要。变化之一：interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand 互联网对于学习极端重要，就像理解能力对于学习极端重要一样，互联网甚至比理解能力更加重要。【考点】考查形容词。6.【2012湖南】24. bicycling is good exercise; _, it does not pollute the air. a. neverthelessb. besidesc. otherwised. therefore【答案】b【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。【解析】根据句意：“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染”故选b（besides而且，加之，除此以外）。词汇 副词besides7.【2012辽宁卷】22. we used to see each other , but i havent head from him since last year. a. especially b. regularly c. particularly d. approximately【考点】副词词义辨析【答案】b【解析】a项意为“尤其；特别”；b项意为“定期地，经常地”；c项意为“特别，尤其”；d项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。8.【2012四川卷】7. the hotel is almost finished, but it _ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.a. only b. also c. even d. still 【答案】 d 【考点】本题考查副词用法【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still（仍然，还）。b组 2008-2011年全国高考题组1.【2011浙江卷,9】the professor could tell by the _look in marias eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture a. cold b. blank c. innocent d. fresh【答案】b【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“根据maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的；blank空虚的，茫然的；innocent无辜的；fresh新鲜的。根据后面didnt understand，选b。2.【2011浙江卷,13】ive been writing this report_ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.a. finally b. immediately c. occasionally d. certainly【答案】c【考点】考查副词的辨义。【解析】句意为“在过去的两周里，我是时续时断地写这个报告，可是这个报告明天就得交了。”finally最终地；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔地；certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意，选c。3.【2011浙江卷,16】my schedule is very _right now, but ill try to fit you in. a. tight b. short c. regular d. flexible【答案】a【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“现在，我的计划很紧凑，但我会尽力把你安排进去。”tight (安排)紧凑的, 紧密的；short简短的，短缺的,不够；regular有规律的, 定期的，符合规定的；flexible柔韧的，灵活的，可变通的。4.【2011四川卷,12】how are your recent trip to sichuan? ive never had one before.a. a pleasant b. a more pleasant c. a most pleasant d. the most pleasant【答案】b【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。【解析】句意为“最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在。因此选b。5.【2011陕西卷,17】the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be the present one。 a.as three times big as b. three times as big asc. as big as three times d. as big three times as【答案】b【考点】考查倍数的表达法。【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选b。6.【2011湖北卷,23】the old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_，though slow.a. shaky b. heavy c. casual d. steady【答案】d【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“这位年长的工程师，古铜色的脸上布满皱纹，但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时，步子虽慢但是沉稳。”shaky颤抖的；heavy沉重的；casual漠不关心的，冷淡的；steady稳定的。根据前面的交代，选d。7.【2011湖北卷,24】an unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters; however, they are not always_,a. practical b. avoidable c. permanent d. beneficial【答案】c【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响；然而，这些影响不总是持久的。”practical实际的，实用的；avoidable可避免的；permanent永久的，持久的；beneficial有益的。根据语意，选择c。8.【2011湖北卷,25】the state-run company is required to make its accounts as_ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.a. transparent b. reasonable c. secure d. formal【答案】a【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明，以便公司的员工能对金钱的使用加以监督。”transparent透明的；reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。根据句意，选a。9. 【2010浙江卷】i have been convinced that the print media are usually more and more reliable than television. a. accurate b. ridiculous c. urgentd. shallow 【答案】a 【考点】本题考查形容词辨析。【解析】分析四个选项的意思：accurate 精确的；ridiculous可笑的, 滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的, 肤浅的。根据句意：我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。10. 【2010浙江卷】do you think shopping online will take the place of shopping in stores?a. especially b. frequentlyc. merely d. finally【答案】d【考点】本题考查副词辨析。【解析分析四个选项的意思：especially 特别, 尤其；frequently经常, merely仅仅, finally最终。根据语境：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？11. 【2010浙江卷】playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. isnt it rather risky, _? a. though b. also c. either d. too【答案】a【考点】本题考查副词辨析。【解析】根据句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系, 所以选择though。12. 【2010上海卷】it took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. it was journey.a. three hour b. a three-hours c. a three-hour d. three hours【答案】c【考点】此题考查复合形容词【解析】数词+连字符+名词的用法, 连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为 “三小时的路程” 三年模拟a组 2012年全国高考模拟题组1. (浙江省杭州十四中2011学年高三三月月考 15)the knowledge that i had caused him to lose his job made me bitterly _. a. desperate b. innocent c. ashamed d. immoral2.（ 浙江省2012届高三六校联考 7） - may i check in now? - sorry, sir! but theres not any room _ in our hotel. a. usefulb. convenientc. flexibled. available3.（ 浙江省2012届重点中学协作体高三第二学期3月调研试题 13） it is generally believed that a successful olympic games _ relies on well-performed it services. a. largelyb. narrowlyc. onlyd. simply4.（浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟 7）our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. _, our minds are developed by learning.a. probablyb. likelyc. similarly d. generally5.（浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考试题36）she devoted herself _ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. a. strongly b. freelyc. entirely d. extremely6. (浙江省慈溪中学2012届高三10月月考 2)nowadays, there is a _ increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.a. sharp bslight cnatural dmodest7.(浙江省慈溪中学2012届高三10月月考16)when we think of communication , we _ think of using words- talking face to face, writing messages, and so on . a. shortly b. probably c. practically d. normally 8. (2011学年第二学期奉化二中第一次月考试卷 36) millions of young people are so _ about the so-called “singles day”that even websites like taobao have special sales on november 11.a. particularb. positivec. enthusiasticd. cautious9(嘉兴一中2011学年第二学期摸底考试 3)-do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?- , i do. i think its a great idea.a. especially b. obviously c. actually d. generally10.(嘉兴一中2011学年第二学期摸底考试6)our _resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages they invest here. a. attractiveb. abundantc. availabled. authentic11. (浙江省