PPP奥运防晒论文.pdf

O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Sun exposure knowledge and protection behavior in a North Chinese population a questionnaire based study Shaowei Cheng1 Shi Lian1 Yongjing Hao2 Nan Kang3 Shujuan Li4 Yanjun Nie5 protection sun exposure sunscreen Correspondence Shi Lian M D Department of Dermatology Beijing Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University 45 Changchun Road Beijing 100052 China Tel 186 108 319 8372 Fax 186 108 319 8372 e mail shorewave Accepted for publication 3 March 2010 Confl icts of interest None declared Summary Background Sun exposure can cause a range of skin disorders Skin damage can be prevented by following certain sun protection measures However the majority of reported studies regarding sun exposure knowledge and behavior have involved Caucasian populations Methods Aself administeredmultiple choicequestionnairewasadministered The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions aimed at evaluating people s knowledge awareness and protection behavior regarding sun exposure and their knowledge of sunscreens and sunscreen use Results A total of 623 volunteers were enrolled including 238 men 38 2 and 385 women 61 8 The percentages of correct answers regarding sun exposure knowledge and awareness ranged from 50 to 80 Overall 58 8 used sunscreen as a sun protection measure in daily life followed by use of protective clothes 49 3 sun umbrella 45 4 sunglasses 45 3 and hat 42 2 Fifty two percent thought that suntan was harmful or not attractive The mean sun protection factor SPF of the sunscreens used was 27 7 9 2 and the mean UVA protection grade PA was 2 3 0 6 Conclusions Knowledge and awareness concerning the harmful effects of sun exposure are widespread among the Chinese population Sunscreens with high SPF and PA are the most commonly used among Chinese people Clear sex differences were observed There is a signifi cant difference in the attitude toward suntan between Chinese and Caucasian populations E xcessive and unprotected sun exposure can lead to a range of skin disorders including sunburn skin aging suntan blemishes and skin cancer High cumulative levels of sun exposure especially at an early age and a history of severe sunburn are etiological factors for skin cancers and other types of skin damage 1 6 However skin damage can be prevented if suitable types of sun protection behavior are followed Avoiding sun exposure between 10 00 a m and 2 00 p m seeking shade using sunscreen and wearing wide brimmed hats protective clothing and sunglasses are the main recommendations for effi cient sun protection 7 8 A suitable sun protection program could help to encourage the public to use these measures to avoid sun exposure Play safe in the sun SunSmart and many other similar campaigns have been implemented in many western countries 9 In China a similar annual program has been carried out on May 25 every year since 2005 Most sun protection studies have been conducted in the United States and other western countries 10 and the majority of the studied populations have been Caucasian 10 Some studies specifi cally excluded non whites assuming that they had a lower risk of sun damage and skin cancer 11 13 It is important to evaluate people s knowledge attitudes and behavior toward sun exposure before introducing sun protection education Unfortunately few studies reported in the English literature have investigated the awareness and behavior of non white persons regarding sun exposure Beijing the capital of China has a typical climate for the temperate zone with four well defi ned seasons and hot summers The indigenous population has typical Chinese skinphototypes withtypesII III andIVbeingthe most common 14 15 Compared with western people Chinese people are more likely to become tanned rather than burned in the summer 15 and they have a relatively 177r 2010 John Wiley PA protection grade 179r 2010 John Wiley many Chinese men do not care for their skin in daily life and believe that skin care is only for women Some men are therefore unwilling to learn about UV radiation and to practice sun protection behavior especially in terms of using sunscreen and sun umbrella Many Chinese men think that sunscreen and sun umbrellas are only for women Some men were not willing to participate in the sun safety program This difference in attitude explains why there were fewer men than women included in our study The limitations of this study included its use of self reported measures its focus on a highly educated population the low proportion of males and the low mean age of the population studied Like most studies of sun we used self reports to measure sun safety knowledge and behavior These self reporting measures are limited by the individuals recall errors diffi culty in estimating the frequency of common habits and by social desirability 23 24 Because most of the subjects were college students volunteers at the Olympic Games the mean age of the study population was low and residents from rural areas were not included These variables might lead to some bias in the results References 1 Armstrong BK Kricker A The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer J Photochem Photobiol B 2001 63 8 18 2 Macckie RM Effects of ultraviolet radiation on human health Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2000 87 15 18 3 Phillips TJ Bhawan J Yaar M Bello Y Lopiccolo D Nash JF Effect of daily versus intermitent sunscreen application on solar simulated UV radiation induced skin response in humans J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 43 610 618 4 Mabruk MJ Toh LK Murphy M Leader M Kay E Murphy GM Investigation of the effect of UV irradiation on DNA damage comparison between skin cancer patients and normal volun teers J Cutan Pathol 2009 36 760 765 5 Purdue MP Freeman LE Anderson WF Tucker MA Recent trends in incidence of cutaneous melanoma among US Cauca sian young adults J Invest Dermatol 2008 128 2905 2908 6 Jemal A Devesa SS Hartge P Tucker MA Recent trends in cutaneous melanoma incidence among whites in the United States J Natl Cancer Inst 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