高考阅读理解主旨大意题.doc

阅读理解 主旨大意题一、 题型介绍： 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。主旨大意题的分类从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合；段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种：主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。常考问题：1). 中心思想类The main point / idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about The passage mainly discusses The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2). 标题类 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passage would be 3). 目的类The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to The passage is meant to . In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to 其他常见考查形式：The text is mainly about _.The main ideaThe general ideaThe main purpose is _.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of _.What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is _.What does the second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _.What is mainly discussed in the text?二、主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤：1先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。2再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。3以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。三、考题探究：A teacher asks his students to write about their dreams. One boy writes seven pages. He wants his own farm and a large house on it.But his teacher tells him, You are daydreaming. Do it again.Several days later the boy hands in the same article. I dont want to give up my dream even if you fail me.Years later, he makes his dream come true. One day, the same teacher takes some students to the boys farm for camping. Seeing the big farm, the teacher feels sorry: I once told you not to daydream. Luckily, you never gave up.1. The teacher asks his students to _.A. dreamB. write about dreamsC. tell stories about dreams2. The second time, the boy hands in the same article because he _.A. wants to make his teacher angryB. doesnt know how to writeC. wont give up his dreams3. After many years, the boy _.A. is still daydreamingB. owns a big farmC. loses his life4. We can tell from the story that _.A. dreaming is not goodB. your dream may come true if you dont give upC. daydreaming can make you rich英语阅读理解答案解析：从首句A teacher asks his students to write about their dreams看出老师是要求学生写下他们的梦，选( )。从I dont want to give up my dream even if you fail me. 看出男孩不想放弃他的梦想，选( )。从the same teacher takes some students to the boys farm for camping看出男孩最后实现了他的梦想，选( )。从文中可知整篇文章的主旨大意是只要你不放弃，你的梦想就有实现的一天。选( )。该篇故事类英语阅读理解讲述了老师让学生们写下自己的梦想，男孩写的农场主被老师认为是异想天开，但男孩坚持自己的梦想，不放弃，若干年后老师带领学生去农场参观，遇到了那个曾经的小男孩，他真的实现了自己的梦想。该篇英语阅读理解的最后一题就是主旨大意题。专项练习：A作者刚领到一个月的工资，盘算用这笔钱买点什么，后来他将这笔钱送给了一位急于为女儿治病的老人。It was a weekend. It was a perfect day to enjoy after receiving a months pay. As soon as I woke up, I looked through a buy and sell magazine. I wanted to buy so many things. Perhaps this time Id get a new add to my room or something new I had hoped for upon seeing it on TV. Though, I wasnt sure what I really wanted when the door bell suddenly rang. I hurried down to open it. I thought it must be some salesman with goods to offer. Upon pulling the door, I was surprised to see an old man in dirty clothes. He said, “Good day, sir. If you will kindly help me.?” I believed it must be some folk acting up. But I continued to listen. “Please sir. My young girls sick with pneumonia(肺炎). We need to bring her to the hospital for treatment. We dont have anything. Perhaps I could mow your lawn(割草坪) for some money?”I reasoned everything out before giving a help. I believed everyone should work harder to find the way to change his own life. But of course it wasnt my case. My parents made sure I had got a good college degree. I thought that life was just unfair to them. But I could help reduce their unhappiness if I could share some blessing and if everyone else would do the same. Without further reasoning out, and not letting my mind control my heart further, I dashed upstairs to get my wallet and pick some bills to give this man. I wasnt in the mood anyway to buy something I didnt need and that will satisfy me for just the moment. 1. That morning on the weekend the writer was _. A. reading a magazine with fun B. watching TV for some news C. thinking of buying something D. planning to clear up his room 2. The old man came to the writers home to _. A. sell him some goodsB. ask for some money C. tell him some bad newsD. mow his lawn for him3. What does the underlined phrase “act up” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Look very surprised. B. Show great respect. C. Try to do a good deed. D. Act in a wrong way. 4. What did the writer think about before he helped that man? A. He himself was a lucky dog in life.B. The man didnt work hard to change his life. C. The government should care about the poor. D. Everyone should share what they have had. 5. What can we learn about the writer from this passage? A. He took the old mans daughter to hospital. B. He promised the work the old man asked for. C. With money gone he gave up buying something. D. As his father expected he did well in a university. B 你最好在你的宠物猫很小的时候就开始给它洗澡，使它养成一个洗澡的习惯。Its best if you can start bathing your cat young and get them used to it, but even if you have an older cat that has never been bathed, it can be done without any harm to you or the cat. The following tips will help you a lot. Prepare everything ahead of time, and stay calm. Long rubber(橡胶) gloves are necessary if you are bathing a cat that hasnt been bathed before, to keep from scratching(抓伤). Talk to your cat, and hold them by the back neck when you are putting them into the water. It wont hurt them, and it only holds them still; it is the same way their mother holds them when they are young. Brush some dirt from your cats hair. Dirt wont fall if you get them wet. Use cat specific shampoos, especially if youre bathing for fleas(跳蚤). Dog flea shampoo can be toxic to your cat, so you use it very carefully. Run 5 inches of warm water into your bathtub. Gently place your cat into the tub, and use a cup to wet their body with warm water. Lather(打肥皂) the cats body with the shampoo, including their tail, and make sure to lather their underside as well. Once the body is lathered, gently wet their head and then lather it, making sure not to get soap in the cats eyes. Wash your cats body, and then do the head. Wash until you cant feel shampoo in the cats hair any more. Dry your cat in a towel. Dont try to use a hair dryer on your cat. If he has long hair, just use another towel and get him as dry as you can. 1. In the writers opinion, you had better _. A. bathe your cat when it is youngB. not bathe your cat because it can hurt youC. start bathing your cat as its old enough D. get your cat to be used to bathing often 2. When you put your cat into the water you should _. A. hold it by the body very firmly B. catch it in the way its father does C. hold it by the neck next to its backD. hold it by the back and keep it still3. What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Clean and strong. B. That is very useful.C. Nice and important. D. That can cause death.4. We can learn from this passage that you _. A. should brush your cats hair after it is wetB. should keep the eyes of your cat from soapC. should lather the head of your cat gently firstD. can use a hair dryer on your cat to dry its hair5. What is this passage mainly about? A. Protection of your cat.B. How to bathe your cat.C. How to raise a lovely cat.D. Cats also need cleaning. 丹麦首都哥本哈根曾是古老的皇家城堡，还是童话大师安徒生的故乡。哥本哈根在丹麦文中的原意是“商人的港口”。 现在的哥本哈根成了有名的旅游城市，城市中洋溢着浪漫的童话气息，迷倒了所有前来游览的人们Copenhagen city of fairy talesCopenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark. It is located on the eastern shore of the island of Zealand. It used to be one of the largest business harbors in the world but now it might be better known as a famous cultural city in the world. With all the historical buildings and the cultural aspects of the area the tourist industry has improved a lot over the years. By the Copenhagen harbor, theres a statue of the Little Mermaid(美人鱼). This small and imposing statue is a Copenhagen icon and a major tourist attraction. Its about a young mermaid willing to give up her life in the sea and her identity(身份) as a merperson to gain a human soul and the love of a human prince.Some people say Copenhagen is a walking city, which means, if you really wanna touch the beauty of the city, you must take a walk around in the streets. Walking along the streets in Copenhagen, you couldnt help taking a breath of this fairy-tale city. You may start imaging which tale the building in front of you is related to. 你知道吗？最近的一项研究发现，像人类语言一样，鸟叫也有方言哦。Birds sing with dialectsAs soon as Illinois-born neurobiologist(生物学家) Richard Mooney opens his mouth, North Carolina residents know hes not from around there. But humans arent the only creatures with dialects. The same thing goes for the songbirds Mooney studies in his Duke University laboratory. “If you drive around the U.S., youll hear the same species of songbirds,” said Mooney. “But if you listen closely, the songs sung by a sparrow(麻雀) from New York sound different from a sparrow in Pennsylvania. It could be a dialect, or an accent.” It turns out that these dialects come from the way baby birds learn to sing a process that is much like the way human babies learn to talk. Still, theres no doubt that humans tend to sound a lot like the people they grew up with. In the same way, songbird dialects are passed on from generation to generation within a certain region.Useful words and phrases 实用小词和短语manman的意思我们再熟悉不过了，其实它还有一个很常见的用法，那就是作为感叹词表示惊讶或激动等感情。不过要注意，这是一种口语化的用法哦。例如：Man! I didnt even see that bus coming!Man,