7-8.法律翻译.ppt

法律翻译 揭廷媛 Article2第二条TheOrganizationanditsMembers inpursuitofthePurposesstatedinArticle1 shallactinaccordancewiththefollowingPrinciples 为求实现第一条所述各宗旨起见 本组织及其会员国应遵行下列原则 1 TheOrganizationisbasedontheprincipleofthesovereignequalityofallitsMembers 一 本组织系基于各会员国主权平等之原则 2 AllMembers inordertoensuretoallofthemtherightsandbenefitsresultingfrommembership shallfulfillingoodfaiththeobligationsassumedbytheminaccordancewiththepresentCharter 二 各会员国应一秉善意 履行其依本宪章所担负之义务 以保证全体会员国由加入本组织而发生之权益 3 AllMembersshallsettletheirinternationaldisputesbypeacefulmeansinsuchamannerthatinternationalpeaceandsecurity andjustice arenotendangered 三 各会员国应以和平方法解决其国际争端 俾免危及国际和平 安全及正义 4 AllMembersshallrefrainintheirinternationalrelationsfromthethreatoruseofforceagainsttheterritorialintegrityorpoliticalindependenceofanystate orinanyothermannerinconsistentwiththePurposesoftheUnitedNations 四 各会员国在其国际关系上不得使用威胁或武力 或以与联合国宗旨不符之任何其他方法 侵害任何会员国或国家之领土完整或政治独立 5 AllMembersshallgivetheUnitedNationseveryassistanceinanyactionittakesinaccordancewiththepresentCharter andshallrefrainfromgivingassistancetoanystateagainstwhichtheUnitedNationsistakingpreventiveorenforcementaction 五 各会员国对于联合国依本宪章规定而采取之行动 应尽力予以协助 联合国对于任何国家正在采取防止或执行行动时 各会员国对该国不得给予协助 6 TheOrganizationshallensurethatstateswhicharenotMembersoftheUnitedNationsactinaccordancewiththesePrinciplessofarasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity 六 本组织在维持国际和平及安全之必要范围内 应保证非联合国会员国遵行上述原则 7 NothingcontainedinthepresentChartershallauthorizetheUnitedNationstointerveneinmatterswhichareessentiallywithinthedomesticjurisdictionofanystateorshallrequiretheMemberstosubmitsuchmatterstosettlementunderthepresentCharter butthisprincipleshallnotprejudicetheapplicationofenforcementmeasuresunder 七 本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件 且并不要求会员国将该项事件依本宪章提请解决 但此项原则不妨碍第七章内执行办法之适用 Contents 一 法律英语的文体特征一 法律翻译基本原则二 典型法律句式翻译与解析 法律英语的特点 法律英语是指法律界通用的书面英语 包括法律 法规 条例 规章 协定 判决 裁定等 尤其是指律师起草法律文件 合同 章程 协议 契约等 惯常使用的语言 solemn rigidmystical assiduouslystilted严肃性和严密性 Characteristicsinlexicon 1 LegalTermsofArtDavidMellinkoff atechnicalwordwithaspecificmeaning DavidCrystal DerekDavy thosewordsandphrasesaboutwhosemeaninglawyershavedecidedtherecanbenoargument法官顾问amicuscuriaepersonswhohelpthecourttoconstrueacertainlegalmatteraction行动诉讼service服务传票送达damages损害赔偿金 alienation 转让 avoid 取消 consideration 对价 counterpart 有同等效力的副本 execute 签署 hand 签名 instrument 法律文件 negligence 过失 party 一方 prejudice 损害 presents 本法律文件 said 上述 该 save 除了 serve 送达 2 FormalWordsfrozenstyle 庄重文体 formalstyle 正式文体 consultativestyle 商议文体 casualstyle 随便文体 intimatestyle 亲密文体 prior before Subsequentto afterprovidedthat but尽量用大词是法律英语用词的一大特色TheAgreementshallcommenceonthisdayandautomaticallyterminateuponthebankruptcyorinsolvencyofeitherofthepartieshereto 3 Archaism hereafter herein hereof hereto heretofore hereunder herewith thereafter thereat thereby therefore therefrom therein thereof thereon thereto theretofore thereunder therewith whereas whereby wherein whereofEachpaymenttobemadehereundershallbemadeinAmericancurrency 以下规定的每项款额要用美元支付 ExcusableDelaywherethetermisusedinthisAgreementshallmeanthosecausesofdelayspecificallyinArticle7hereof ExcusableDelay 本协议中使用的 可谅解延迟 一词系指由协议第七条 可谅解延迟 中所致原因引起的延迟 Pleasefillintheformhereincontainedandmailitback 请将随附的表格填好寄回 Alldisputes controversiesordifferencesoutoforinrelationtothisagreement ortotheexecutionthereofshallbesettledthroughfriendlyconsultation 凡由该协议引起的 或与该协议有关的 或在执行该协议中发生的一切争议或分歧 应通过友好协商解决 ThiscontractismadeinaspiritoffriendlycooperationbyandbetweenPartyAandPartyB wherebyPartyAshallinvitePartyBforserviceasaforeignstaffonthetermsandconditionsstipulatedasfollows 甲方和乙方本着友好合作的精神签订本合同 根据合同 甲方聘请乙方为外籍工作人员 合同条款如下 said aforesaid 上述的forthwith立刻Peterpromisestopayadeposit Saiddepositshallaccrueinterestatarateoftenpercentannum 4 Borrowedwordsbarjuryverdictaffidavit 宣誓书 alias 化名 别名 quorum 法定人数 bonafide 真诚的 真诚地 interalia 除了别的因素以外 prorata 按比例 adhoc 专门的 专门地 defacto 事实上的 inre 关于 mutatismutandis 在细节上作适当修正后 paripassu 按相同比例 perse 自身 probono 为了公益 5 CoupledSynonymsThesellershallpayallthecustomdutiesandtariffsforexportoftheEquipment nullandvoidallandeverydocumentsandwritingskeepandmaintainfullandcomplete 6 情态动词shall的频繁使用在法律英语中shall并不表示将来 而有着与普通英语完全不同的含义 表示当事人在特定的情况下要承担的权利或义务时 应当 一词为 shall 而在一般的英语中 一般是用 should 或 must 仲裁庭应当在组庭之日起九个月内作出仲裁裁决书 Thearbitrationtribunalshallrenderanarbitralawardwithin9monthsasfromthedayonwhichthearbitrationtribunalisformed 7 较少使用代词TheAuthorshallbearthecostofanynecessaryfeesfortextualandillustrativepermissionsbutthePublishersagreetopaysuchfeesontheAuthor sbehalfuptoanagreedmaximumamountandmaydeductthesamefromanysumsthatmaybecomeduetotheAuthorunderthisAgreement CharacteristicsinSyntax 1 Legaldocumentscomposedasoneverylongsentence noquestionofsentencelinkage except therepetitionoflexicalitems substitutewordsnottolerated eg he she it they pronounreference do this that anaphora 2 LegalEnglishcontainsonlycompletemajorsentences eg statements noquestion occasionalcommands 3 Legalsentenceshaveanunderlyinglogicalstructure ifX thenZshallbe do Y ifX conditional concessiveadverbialclauses eg coordinatedadverbials ontheexpiration onthepreviousdeath subjecttoanyauthorizedendorsement andtotheproduction 4 WrittenlegalEnglishcontainsnominalgroupstructures eg post modificationinthenominalgroups 被动语态和名词化结构Unlessotherwiseprovidedforherein failureordelayonthepartofanypartytoexerciseanyright powerorprivilegeunderthisAgreementshallnotoperateasawaiverthereof notshallanysingleorpartialexerciseofanyright powerorprivilegeprecludefurtherexercisethereoforexerciseofanyotherright powerorprivilege AwaiverbyoneofthepartiesatanytimeofabreachofanytermorprovisionofthisAgreementcommittedbytheotherpartyshallnotbeconstruedasawaiverbysuchpartyofanysubsequentbreachtobecommittedbytheotherparty norshallitbeconstruedasawaiverbysuchpartyofitsrightsundersuchprovisionoranyofitsotherrightsunderthisAgreement 除非本协议另有规定 任何一方未能或延迟行使其在本协议项下的任何权利 权力或特权 不应视为其放弃该权利 权力或特权 单项或部分行使该权利 权力或特权或行使其他权利 权力或特权 翻译练习 1 Withoutpriorwrittenapproval noPartyshallassignanyandallofitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitiesunderthisAgreementtoanythirdparty 译文 任何一方未经事先书面同意 不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方 2 Neglectofdutyisgoodcauseforremovalofatrustee 译文 理事玩忽职守 理应解除其职务 3 Thefailureofeitherpartyatanytimeortimestorequireperformanceofanyprovisionhereofshallinnomanneraffectitsrightatalatertimetoenforcethesame 译文 任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款 并不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利 4 ThisContractshallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewiththelawsofthePeople sRepublicofChina 译文 本合同受中华人民共和国法律管辖并依其解释 5 NeitherPartyheretoshallassignthisAgreementoranyofitsrightsandinterestshereunderwithouttheotherParty spriorwrittenconsent whichshallnotbeunreasonablywithheld 本协议任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意 该另一方不得无理拒绝同意 不得转让本协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和利益 法律翻译基本原则 一 准确严谨性原则准确性 是法律文本翻译的根本 earnestmoney 定金 还是 订金 Contractorshallassumefullresponsibilityfortheentireprojectworkuntilitsacceptance 在项目接收之前 承包方应对工程承担全部责任 在项目验收之前 承包方应对工程承担全部责任 Damagesforbreachofcontractbyonepartyconsistofasumequaltotheloss includinglossofprofit sufferedbytheotherpartyasaconsequenceofthebreach 一方违约所导致的岁还包括因其违约而使另一方遭受损失的金额 含利润损失 一方违约的损害赔偿金包括因其违约而使另一方遭受损失的金额 含利润损失 Thebalanceshallbesettleduponthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination 货到目的港后付清余款 货到目的港后即行付清余款 所有董事会成员 须由合营方委派和撤换 allthedirectorsshallbeappointedandreplacedbythepartiestotheventure allthedirectorsshallbeappointedandremovedbythepartiestotheventure 如果买房对品质有异议 可以在货到目的地口岸或收货后30天内向卖方提出索赔 IncasetheBuyershavedisputesoverthequalityofthegoods theBuyersmay within30daysaftertheyarriveatthedestinationportordeliveryofgoods fileaclaimagainsttheSellers IncasetheBuyershavedisputesoverthequalityofthegoods theBuyersmay within30daysaftertheyarriveatthedestinationportortakedeliveryofgoods fileaclaimagainsttheSellers 二 清晰简明性原则1 使用清晰简明的词语Theremainderofthetestator spropertyshouldbedividedequallybetweenallofournephewsandniecesonmywife ssideandmyniece Theremainderofthetestator spropertyshouldbedividedequallybetweenallofournephewsandniecesonmywife ssideasonepartyandmynieceasanother Theservant sliabilitystemsfromthedutyowedtoathirdpersonunderthelawtoconductHIMSELFsoasnottoinjureothers Theservant sliabilitystemsfromthedutyowedtoathirdpersonunderthelawrequiringtheSERVANTtoactsoasnottoinjureothers ThepackingandwrappingexpensesshallbebornebytheBuyer 包装费应由买方负担 Taxationshallcompriseallformsoftaxes includingbutwithoutlimitationtoincometax capitalgainstax stampduty tariffs importandexportduties impositions andallfines feesandratescollectedbythetaxationauthorityandotherauthorities 税收包括各种形式的税项 包括但不限于税务局和其他主管部门征收的所得税 资本收益税 印花税 关税 进出口税 各种杂税及一切罚金 手续费和地方税 2 使用简明的句式Further ameetingoftheEuropeanJusticeMinistersisheldeverytwoyears 此外 每两年还举行一个欧洲司法部长会议 Courtsarediscouragedfrompassingsentenceofimprisonmentonoffendersunder21yearsofage 不鼓励法院对未满21岁的罪犯作出徒刑判决 Unlessthisaccountispaidwithinnexttendays itwillbenecessarytotakeappropriateaction 除非在10天内把账还清 否则就有必要采取适当的行动 Producersoftoxicchemicalshavethefollowingoptions 1 requirepurchaserstoassumeresponsibilityforsubsequentspills 2 depositmoneyinadamagesescrowfund 3 terminateproduction or 4 postaconspicuousdisclaimerofliabilityoneverycontainer 有毒化学品的生产者具有下列选择 1 要求卖方承担由泄漏而造成的责任 2 交纳赔偿保证金 3 停止生产 4 贴明显的免责标签于每只集装箱上 三 前后一致性原则Agreement 协定 还是 协议 Reachanagreement 达成协议 或 达成一致 法律规定 stipulate specify prescribe require provide等 禁 shallbeprohibited shallbeforbidden 货物 goods items 四 语言规范化原则 不可抗力 forcebeyondhumanpower forcecontrolledbyGod irresistibleforceforcemajeure motion awrittenororalapplicationrequestingacourttomakeaspecifiedrulingororder 动议 申请 attemptedcrime 试图犯罪 犯罪未遂 Theburdenofproofrestswiththedefendant 证明的负担由被告承担 举证责任由被告承担 andmakethefactknowntothepublic 并予以公告 TheVendorshallprocurethatthePurchaseracquiresgoodtitletotheSharesfreefromallcharges liens encumbranceandclaimswhatsoever 卖方应保证买方获得不容置疑的股份所有权 且该股份不带任何押记 留置 负担 权益等主张 Nowtherefore inconsiderationofthepremises andtherepresentations warranties covenants andundertakingsofthepartieshereinaftersetforth andforothergoodandvaluableconsideration thepartiesagreeamongthemselvesasfollows 以及其他有效的有价约因 PartyAisacompanydulyorganized validlyexistingandingoodstandingasalegalpersonunderthelawsofthePRC 有效存续和资格完善的法人 表示义务性规范的语言 有 义务 必须 Itisthedutyof havethedutytodo shall中华人民共和国公民有依照法律纳税的义务 ItisthedutyofcitizensofthePeople sRepublicofChinatopaytaxesinaccordancewiththelaw Bothhusbandandwifehavethedutytopracticefamilyplanning 夫妻双方具有实行计划生育的义务 中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务 CitizensofthePeople sRepublicofChinahavethedutyaswellastherighttoreceiveeducation 表示授权性规范的语言 享 有 权利 有权 可以 havetherightto enjoyrightsof beentitleto mayCitizensandjuristicpersonsshallenjoytherightofhonor 公民 法人享有荣誉权 典型法律英语句式翻译与解析 1 if句式Ifaftersuchreconsideration twothirdsofthatHouseshallagreetopassthebill itshallbesent togetherwiththeobjections totheotherHouse bywhichitshalllikewisebereconsidered andifapprovedbytwo thirdsofthatHouse itshallbecomealaw 倘若在复议之后 众议院议员的三分之二仍然同意通过该法案 该院即应将该法案连同异议书递交另一院 由其同样予以复议 若此另一院亦以三分之二的多数通过 该法案即成为法律 2 shall句式及相关情态动词比较shall may must1 must 必须 TheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionmustbeapersonofintegrity dedicatedtohis herduties 香港特别行政区行政长官必须廉洁奉公 尽忠职守 2 may 可 国家为了公共利益的需要 可以依照法律对土地进行征用 TheStatemay inthepublicinterest requisitionlandforitsuseinaccordancewiththelaw 3 shall 则是法律英语中最常见 最复杂的情态动词shall must haveto berequiredto 须 应该 或忽略不译 选出或者罢免人民检察院检察长 须报上级人民检察院检察长提请该级人民代表大会常务委员会批准 中华人民共和国宪法 第101条 Theelectionorrecallofchiefprocuratorsofpeople sprocuratoratesshallbereportedtothechiefprocuratorsofthepeople sprocuratoratesatthenexthigherlevelforsubmissiontothestandingcommitteesofthepeople scongressesatthecorrespondinglevelforapproval TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofMemberschoseneverysecondYearbythepeopleoftheseveralStates and 众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成 AllHongKongresidentsshallbeequalbeforethelaw TheBasicLawoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople sRepublicofChina 香港居民在法律面前一律平等 中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法 第25条 ThehomesandotherpremisesofHongKongresidentsshallbeinviolable 香港居民的住宅和其他房屋不受侵害 havetherightto beobligedto beresponsiblefor beableto bepredicative IftheBuyersfailtoprovidesuchletterofcreditintheSeller sfavorasprescribe