福建省莆田哲理中学高三英语 语法复习 句子种类.doc

viii 句子种类一、陈述句 陈述句是用来说明事实或陈述说话人看法的句子，末尾用句号，包括肯定和否定两种形式。1、陈述句的肯定结构：“主语+谓语+其他”。如：china is the largest country in asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。 you must finish your homework! 你必须完成你的家庭作业。 maria received her physics degree in 1893. 玛利亚在1893年获得物理学学位。2、陈述句的否定结构。（1）如果陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词或情态动词，其否定结构只需在助动词be, have / has或情态动词can, may, must, could, will, shall, might后面加上not即可。如：tom is not working now. 汤姆现在没上班。 jane cant get up early in the morning. 简早上不能早起。 they havent finished their work yet. 他们还没有做完工作。如：i dont know russian. 我不懂俄语。 tom doesnt like playing football. 汤姆不喜欢踢足球。 they didnt go there yesterday. 他们昨天没有去那里。 he doesnt have any time to play. 他没有时间玩。二、疑问句。 疑问句是用来提问的句子。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1、一般疑问句。一般疑问句用来询问一件事或一个情况十分属实，往往是一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes, no, certainly, perhaps, not at all, all right等回答。如：are you from china? 你来自中国吗？yes, i am. / no, im not. 是的/不是。can you swim? 你会游泳吗？yes, i can. / no, im cant. 会/不会。did he have a good time last night? 他昨晚玩得开心吗？yes, he did. / no, he didnt. 是的/不。will you pass on a message to her? 你可不可以给她传一个信儿？all right. 行。may i smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？im afraid not. 恐怕不行。2、特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的结构及用法：（1）它的结构一般为“特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）”。如：when do you usually go to bed? 你通常何时睡觉？ what did she buy on monday? 她周一买什么了？ why were you late for class? 你为何上课迟到？（2）疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的语序相同。如：who is standing over there? 谁站在那儿？ what brings you here? 什么风把你吹来了？ who broke the window? 谁打破了窗户？ whose mother is a star? 谁的妈妈是明星？（3）what do?用于对谓语动词部分或宾语补足语的不定式提问，助动词根据句子时态选择其形式。如：what do you often do on sunday? 你周日经常中做什么？ what are you doing there? 你在那儿干什么呢？ what have you done with the matter? 那件事你是怎么处理的？ what did your mother ask you to do? 你妈妈要你做什么？（4）“疑问句+名词+一般疑问句”这种结构一般是对其他成分的定语提问。如：which subject do you like best? 你最喜欢哪门功课？ whose bike is that? 那是谁的自行车？ how many students are there in your school? 你校有多少学生？ how much meat do you want to buy? 你要买多少肉呀？3、选择疑问句。它分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。选择疑问句不能用yes和no回答，必须作出选择。（1）一般选择疑问句。其结构为“一般疑问句+a or b？”，实际上，它就是用or连接的两个或更大的一般疑问句，通常把后一部分和前一部分相同的成分省略。如：would you like tea or coffee? 你喝茶还是咖啡？ is your pen red or black? 你的钢笔是红色的还是黑色的？ do you prefer to sit in the front rows or back rows? 你愿意坐前排还是坐后排？（2）特殊选择疑问句。句型为“特殊疑问句+a or b? (或a、b or c) ?”如：which is bigger, the sun or the moon? 太阳和月亮，哪个更大？ who is the tallest, jim, tom or bob? 吉姆、汤姆、和鲍勃三人谁最高？4、反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句，中间用短号隔开，结构通常是“肯定陈述句+否定问句”，“否定陈述句+肯定问句”。 简短问句的主语一定要用相应的人称代词，简短问句要与前面的陈述句保持时态、人称和数的一致，反意疑问句的回答要根据客观事实用yes或no回答，但必须保持“yes+肯定”，“ no+否定”。如：mary is a student, isnt she? 玛丽是个学生，不是吗？yes, she is. 是的，她是。/no, she isnt. 不，她不是。they didnt watch tv yesterday, did they? 他们昨天没看电视，是吗？yes, they did. 不，他们看了。/ no, they didnt. 是的，他们没看。you must be a teacher, arent you? 你一定是老师，是吗？yes, i am. 是的，我是。/ no, im not. 不，我不是。he ought to study harder, oughtnt be? 他应该努力学习，对吧？yes, he ought to. 是的，他应该。/ no, he oughtnt. 不，他不应该。youd better go right now, hadnt you? 你最好马上走，好吗？yes, i had. 好。/ no, i hadnt. 不，我不走。you used to smoke, didnt you / usednt you? 你以前吸烟，是吧？yes, i did. / i used to. 是的，我是。/ no, i didnt. / i usednt. 不，我不是。you would rather stay at home, wouldnt you? 你宁愿待在家里，是吧？yes, i would. 是的，我是。/ no, i wouldnt.不，我不是。there isnt an english book here, is there? 这儿没有英语书，对吗？yes, there is. 不，有。/ no, there isnt. 是的，没有。三、祈使句。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、劝告、顶住、号召等含义。说话的对象是第二人称you且通常省略，因此祈使句多以动词原形开头，句末用感叹句或句号。如：come in and have a seat. 请进，坐吧！ take care not to catch a could. 小心别着凉了。 please be careful! 请小心点！ let me try, please. 请让我试一试。祈使句的否定式以dont或never引出。如：dont be late! dont make the same mistake. never do that again! 四、感叹句。 感叹句是表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤、哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常由how或what引导，句末用感叹号。1、由how引导的感叹句。（1）“how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！”此时，在英语口语中主语和谓语可以省略。如：how beautiful these flowers are! 这些花儿多美啊！ how clever he is! 他真聪明！ how well you write! 你写得多好啊！ how fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！ how interesting! 多么有趣啊！（2）how +主语+谓语！如：how time flies! 时间过得真快！（3）“how +形容词+ a (n) +单数名词+主语+谓语”！引出的感叹句。如：how strange a feeling (it was) ! 一种多么奇怪的感觉！ how good a girl she is! 她是一个多么好的女孩啊！2、由what引导的感叹句。“what + a /an +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！在口语中，主语谓语可以省略。如：what a nice day it is today! 今天是多么美好的一天！ what a nice day! what an interesting story (that is)! 那是一个多么有趣的故事啊！ what a clever girl! 多么聪明的女孩啊！真题操练1. _ will you buy for your mom for mothers day?some flowers.a. howb. wherec. whend. what2. _ sleep too late. its bad for your health.a. dob. notc. dontd. please not3. there is enough food for the birds, isnt _?no, we need to get some.a. itb. thatc. theyd. there4. i _ a copy of yi zhongtians book yet. i might buy one tomorrow.a. hadnt boughtb. dont buyc. wont buyd. havent bought5. the young man came riding full speed down the road on his bicycle. _ it was!a. how dangerous the sceneb. what dangerous a scenec. how a dangerous scened. what a dangerous scene6. look at the picture. _ beautiful sanya is! ill go there this summer holiday.a. what ab. whatc. howd. how a7. _ has your brother studied in new york?for two years.a. how farb. how oldc. how oftend. how long8. youre new here, _?yes, im from dujiangyan. i came here last week.a. do youb. dont youc. are youd. arent you9. when shall we go to the muse