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Evolution TheMonkeyTrial 作者 英师本1103王靖尧王凌宇 Outline 1BackgroundandReason 2ProsecuterandDefendant 3Process 4ResultandInfluence 1920s JazzAge 1showingaspiritofunconvenyionalityandgaiety2youngpeoplelosingtheirfaithinGod Thepartieswerebigger thepacewerefaster thebuildingswerehigher themoralslooser F ScottFitzgerald WilliamJenningsBryan Anti evolutioncampaign ButlerAct 巴特勒法案 StateRepresentativeJohnW Butler aTennesseefarmerandheadoftheWorldChristianFundamentalsAssociation lobbiedstatelegislaturestopassanti evolutionlaws hesucceededwhentheButlerActwaspassedinTennessee TheButlerActprohibitingpublicschoolteachersfromdenyingtheBiblicalaccountofman sorigin ThelawalsopreventedtheteachingoftheevolutionofmanfromwhatitreferredtoaslowerordersofanimalsinplaceoftheBiblicalaccount InresponsetotheBulterAct theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionfinancedatestcaseinwhichJohnScopes aTennesseehighschoolscienceteacher agreedtobetriedforviolatingtheAct Scopes whohadsubstitutedfortheregularbiologyteacher waschargedonMay5 1925 withteachingevolutionfromachapterinCivicBiology atextbookbyGeorgeWilliamHunter thatdescribedthetheoryofevolution raceandeugenics DirectReason Prosecuter WilliamJenningsBryan 1860 1925 HewasaAmericanlawyerandpoliticalleader Hecampaignedunsuccessfullyforthepresidencyin1896 1900 and1908 Heisfamousforhisimpassioned CrossofGod speechadvocatingfreesilverandforhisdefenseoffundamentalismintheScopesTrial Defendant JohnScopes 1900 1970 ClarenceDarrow 1857 1938 HeisthedefencelawyerforScopes HeisoneofthemostfamousAmericanlawyersandcivillibertarians notableforhiswitandagnosticism ClarenceDarrow left andWilliamJenningsBryanchatincourtduringtheScopesTrial JohnScopes Name JohnThomasScopes 1900 1970 Birthplace Paducah KentuckyEducationexperience 1In1917hemovedtoSalem Illinois andhewasamemberoftheclassof1919atSalemHighSchool 2ForashorttimeheattendedtheUniversityofIllinois whichheleftforhealthreasons3HeearnedadegreeattheUniversityofKentuckyin1924 withamajorinlawandaminoringeology 4HemovedtoDaytonwherehetookajobastheRheaCountyHighSchool sfootballcoachandoccasionallyfilledinassubstituteteacherwhenregularmembersofthestaffwereoffwork JohnScopes 5Afterthetrail heacceptedascholarshipforgraduatestudyingeologyattheUniversityChicago In1930 hefinishedit Workexperience 1HedidgeologicalfieldworkinVenezuelaforGulfOilofSouthAmerica 2Healsoworked firstinHouston TexasandtheninShreveport Louisiana untilheretiredin1963Book In1967hesummeduphislifeinhisautobiography CenteroftheStrom Hebecamethedefendantofthefamous MonkeyTrial forviolatingthestatelawbyteachingthetheoryofevolutioninTennesseehighschool Hisnamebecamesynonymouswiththistrial MainCharactersoftheTrial Presidingjudge JohnRaulstonProsecutor WilliamJenningsBryanDefendant JohnScopes Attorneys TomStewartBryanHissonClarenceDarrowScopesDudleyFieldMaloneArthurGarfieldHays ProcessoftheTrial Darrow sOpeningStatement wearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcenturywhenbigots 顽固者 lightedfaggots 柴把 toburnthemenwhodaredtobringanyintelligenceandenlightenmentandculturetothehumanmind Awomanwhisperedloudly thatdamnedinfidel 异教徒 afterhisaddress usingthewitnessBryan sAttackaddressingthejury TheBibleisnotgoingtobedrivenoutofthiscourtbyexpertswhocomehundredsofmilestotestifythattheycanreconcileevolution withitsancestorinthejungle withmanmadebyGodinHisimageandputhereforHispurposeaspartofadivineplan WilliamJenningsBryanTheaudienceburstintoapplauseandshoutsof Amen afterthebriefspeech DudleyFieldMalonerepliestotheBryan sattack Thereisneveraduelwiththetruth thetruthalwayswins andwearenotafraidofit ThetruthdoesnotneedMr Bryan Thetruthiseternal immortalandneedsnohumanagencytosupport DudleyFieldMaloneThecourtbrokeintoastormofapplausethatsurpassedthatforBryanafterMalone sdefense ClimaxoftheTrial Darrow strumpcard 王牌 callingBryanasthewitnessforthedefense DarrowreadfromGenesis Andtheeveningandthemorningwerethefirstday ThenheaskedBryanifhebelievedthatthesunwascreatedonthefourthday Bryansaidthathedid Howcouldtherehavebeenamorningandeveningwithoutanysun Darrowrequired Bryankeptsilent FinalVerdict JohnScopeswasfined100dollarsandcosts AlthoughsomeonebelievethatitisavictoryforBryan othersthinkthatthisconvictionisa victoriousdefeat forJohnScopes ChangesAftertheTrial Moreandmorepeopleemancipa
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