风力发电翻译.doc

原文： Answers to Energy Crisis Are Blowin in the WindSep 28, 2007 10:58 AMBy Lou Pechi, President, STRATA-Strategic Advisors, San Diego, Calif. The title of this article, while recalling one of Bob Dylans famous antiwar and civil-rights anthems of the 60s, addresses another potential solution to our energy crisis. The energy crisis is not only a matter of energy shortage, but also of the pollution and global warming that the present sources of energy are causing.In my last column, “Let the Sunshine In,” I addressed the issues of generating electric energy from the suns rays. Actually, the wind is a form of solar power that has been converted to mechanical energy. Moreover, just as the sunshine does not shine all the time, the wind does not blow all the time. The more the wind blows, the more power that can be produced by the wind turbines.Most studies and predictions about world wind energy indicate that it can support the worlds energy needs several times over. The map below, compiled by researchers at Stanford University, shows wind speeds at many sites around the world. More than 13% of those sites experience winds fast enough to power modern wind turbines. Altogether, these energy-producing sites could generate 72 terawatts of electricity, or more than five times the roughly 14 terawatts used worldwide in 2002.How fast the wind blows, how often and when all these issues play a significant role in determining the cost of generating power from wind. A common term used to rate a wind-turbine output is the ”capacity factor,” or the ratio of power produced over a period to the amount of power a turbine could produce if it ran at full capacity over the same time. The power output from a wind turbine also rises as a cube of wind speed. In other words, if wind speed doubles, the power output increases eight times. Therefore, higher-speed winds are easier and less expensive to capture.This global map of wind speeds compiled by researchers at Stanford University reveals that more than 13% of the sites surveyed experience winds fast enough to power modern wind turbinesJust as the dc output of solar cells is unregulated, the ac coming from wind turbines is not regulated, since it depends on the wind, which is not a constant fuel. The raw ac from the turbines is essentially unusable, since it varies both in frequency and in voltage. This is particularly true for small wind turbines (up to 10 kW). Large wind turbines (500 kW and up) are very similar even though some have a mechanical gear that orients the pitch of the blades so that the propeller always spins at the same speed. In that case, electronic inverters and regulators are necessary, but due to the change in pitch and mechanical gearing, the efficiency of the turbine is lowered. 翻译： 解决能源危机的答案是风力发电2007.9.28上午10:58加利福利亚洲圣迭戈“地层战略”顾问主席娄佩奇 这篇论文的题目，会使人回想起鲍勃迪伦六十年代著名的反战和维护人权的一首歌，但这却讨论的一个潜在的能解决能源危机的方案。能源危机不仅是能源短缺这一个问题，大气污染和全球变暖都是由目前使用的能源造成。在我上次的专栏里，“让阳光照进来”，论述了利用太阳能发电的问题。事实上，风能是太阳能转换为机械能后的一种形式。另外，正如太阳不是所有的时间都在照射，风也不是随时都在吹。而且风吹得越久，风力涡轮机产生的电力就越多。 通过对世界大多数地方的风能研究，表明风能所产生的能量数倍于全球所需能源。下面的地图，由斯坦福大学的研究人员绘制，它显示了全世界各地的风速。经过实地考察其中有超过13%处风的功率足够带动现代风力发电机。总之，这些能源生产地可能产生72太瓦的电能，或者说大约是2002年全世界用电总额14太瓦的五倍以上。 风吹得有多快，何时吹，频率又如何这些问题都是决定风力发电成本的重要因素。有一个术语，即风力发电机输出的使用率功率因数，或者说一台风力涡轮机载饱和运转的状态下产生的电能占涡轮机总功率的比例。风力发电机输出的功率与风速的立方成正比上升。换句话说，如果风速上升到两倍，那么输出功率就会上升到八倍。因此，高速的风利用起来更容易也更便宜。 全球风速地图由斯坦福大学的研究人员绘制，显示了其中有超过13%处风的功率足够带动现代风力发电机。 就像太阳能电池输出的直流电不稳定一样，风力涡轮发电机说产生的交流电同样不稳定，因为它依靠的是风这个