广东省高三英语二轮复习 非谓语动词之不定式专练.doc

非谓语动词之不定式reviewi. multiple choices.1.three-fourths of the buildings _. a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed 2.early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise. a. making b. to make c. make d. makes 3.mathematics _ the language of science. a. is b. has been c. are d. have been 4.the young _ the vital forces in our society. a. is b. has been c. are d. have been 5.every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known 6.none of them _ my friends. a. is b. are c. was d. has been 7.not only the whole nation, but the whole europe, indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems. a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need 8.getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems. a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve 9.in that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming 10. each of the _ in the ship. a. passenger has his own roomb. passengers have their own room c. passenger have their own room d. passengers has his own room11. what we need _ good textbooks. a. is b. are c. have d. has12. no bird and no beast _ in the lonely island. a. are seen b. is seen c. see d. sees13. every means _ prevent the water from _.a. are used to; polluting b. get used to; pollutingc. is used to; polluted d. is used to; being polluted14. she has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 200, 000.a. are reached b. have reached c. is reached d. has reached15. a wide range of washing machines and refrigerators _ displayed in our showroom.a. has b. have c. is d. are 16. my special thanks _ to prof. brown, whose suggestions have always enlightened me.a. go b. goes c. to going d. went keys:1-5 ccaba 6-10 bbbc 11-15 bbdbc 16. a带不定式的谚语1. a faithful friend is hard to find.2. each bird loves to hear himself sing.3. early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.4. eat to live, but not live to eat.5. it is easier to getmoney to keep it.6. it is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 7. it is hard to please all.8. it is never too old to learn.9. not to advance is to go back.10. to know everything is to know nothing.11. to know oneself is true progress.12. to save time is to lengthen life.1. 知音难觅 。2. 孤芳自赏（自鸣得意）3. 早睡早起4. 吃饭是为了活着，不是为了吃饭而活。5. 挣钱容易存钱难。6. 创业容易守业难。7. 取悦各方，谈何容易（众口难调）8. 学无止境（活到老、学到老）9. 没有进步就等于是后退。（不进则退）10. 样样通、样样松（什么都知，不如不知）11. 人贵有自知之名12. 节约时间就是延长生命。presentation不定式用法i. fill in the blank with the infinitive.1. takes her quite a lot of time.再约一次要花了她相当多的时间。2.he ran so fast.他跑的飞快为了能够按时到学校。3.he appears.他看起来已经知道这个坏结果。4.it happenedwhen i got there.我到达那里,时天碰巧在下雨。5. we decided because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们决定不出去。6.he is said .据说，他写了一本关于工人的新小说。7. they expected , but they were all sold. 他们本希望去订票去看那个比赛的，可惜票卖光了。 8. he pretended .他假装正在穿新衣服的样子。9.the novel is said .据说这部小说已译成法语意大利语德语。keys: 1.to make an appointment again 2.as to get to school in time.3. to have known the bad result(consquence). 4. to be raining5.not to go out 6.to have written a new fiction about workers7.to book tickets for that game 8.to be putting on new clothes9. to have been translated into french,italian,and germangrammar:不定式的形式：不定式主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing 完成式to have doneto have been done动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。 a不定式的一般式 to do to catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. b不定式的进行式to be doing i happened to be flying the kite when they met me in the peoples square/on the bund. c不定式的完成式 to have done i meant to have finished my work last night, but i didnt feel very well.动词不定式的用法a动词不定式作主语 1不定式短语在句首作主语 to love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 2用it作形式主语 it+be+名词+to do its our duty to take good care of the old. it takes sb + some time +to do how long did it take you to finish the work ? it+be+形容词+for sb +to do it is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. it+be+形容词+of sb +to do it is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. it seems(appears)+形容词+to do it seemed impossible to save money at this moment for the poor family. 在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, good, bad, better, too much, too little, not enough, the best, good manners, bad manners等;在句型中,常用kind, nice, stupid, silly, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, selfish, careless,foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:its kind of you to help me withmy english.=you are kind to help me with my english.b动词不定式作宾语 1作动词的宾语 he prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 必背：可接不定式作宾语的动词有：affordaim appearagreearrangeaskbothercarechoosecomedecide daredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorfailhappen helphesitatehopelearn longmean manageoffer ought planpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtend waitwish undertake 注意：可以用在how、when、where、what、which等词后，构成复合结构。i dont know how to use a computer. i cant find a few words in which to express the meaning of the sentence.(which to express in? )2作介词的宾语不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 the teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. he had no choice but to sit there as usual. there is nothing we can do but wait patiently. c动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语” s + v + o +oc ( to do)句型中。1.有些动词用作主动语态时，宾语补足语不定式都不带to。(感官动词&使役动词)这类动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look atlet him do whatever he wishes to do. 注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。（除let）a. the naturalist saw a pack of wolves cross the plain and run away. a pack of wolves were seen _the plain and _away key: to cross; run c. 译：虽然经常是哥哥弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。key: though the elder brother had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 2动词permit, request, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach等，多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。(可记首字母：practice wap fort 实践攻克堡垒。)a. we dont allow such things to happen again. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。d动词不定式作状语1表示目的to save the child, he laid down his life. ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 2表示结果he got to the station only to find the train had gone. after the meeting, they parted, never to see each other again. 必背：不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。 1） so . as to dowould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 2） such . as to dowe are not such fools as to believe him. 3） enough to dohe didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 4） only to dohe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸自己的脚。5） too . to dohis eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. too.to.结构中, 当too前有only, all, but修饰时，动词不定式表示“非常”的意思。too=very。the boy was only too eager to get a geography book. he is only too anxious to know the examination results. im only too pleased to be able to help you. he was but too eager to get home.e动词不定式作定语a.译：老师给我们留了许多道题要解答。b.译：他找不到可交朋友的人。c. 译：他是最后一个达到目的地的人。key: the teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.he can find no one to make friends with.he is the last to reach the destination.f.动词不定式的几种常见结构1.不定式的复合结构:“for + 名词（代词）+ 不定式”this box is too heavy to carry. key: for the little boy 2be + 不定式结构“be + 不定式”结构可以表示将来发生的动作wise investment is in the business next month for more profit.key: to be made3疑问词 + 不定式结构在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。the problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers.译：何时参观故宫博物院还没有决定。key: when to visit the palace museum has not been decided yet.4with/without + 名词 + 不定式结构a. with so much work to do, i shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.b. without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 5用作独立成分的不定式有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语。to be honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest. 必背：用作独立成分的不定式to tell you the truth 说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先to be brief 简言之to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说to conclude 总而言之to be sure 诚然，固然so to speak 可以这么说6用主动式表示被动含义的不定式主要有下面几种情况：(1) 不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。a. the book is difficult to understand. b. the chair is comfortable. key: to sit on(2) 某些动词(blame, let, seek)的不定式与be动词连用时i felt i was to blame for this bicycle accident.(3) 在need, require, want, deserve后接ing形式,表示被动意义a. your handwriting needs improving. =_.b. the wall wants painting.=_.key: to be improved; to be paintedg. 省略to的情况在had better, would rather, would rather.than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner.than, cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but, do nothing but等结构后直接跟动词原形或not +动词原形。youd better listen to your teachers opinion. she cant do anything but ask silly questions. rather than wait anyone, i decided to go home by taxi.译：我们情不自禁地钦佩他的勇气。key: we cannot help but admire his courage.译：他不得不搬到另一条街上去，因为他住的大楼很快就要被推倒。key: he cannot but move to another street, because his building will be pulled down soon.译：他们只能等待医生的到来。key: they could do nothing but wait for the doctor to come.h.动词不定式和动名词的区别1. 不定式常表示具体的动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;也可表示现在或将来的动作。a. to play with fire will be dangerous. ( 具体动作)b. its no good for you to eat so much fat. (某人的特定动作)c. he realized that to go like this was no use. (具体动作)d. i must remember to remind john that the garden needs watering. (将来动作)动名词常表示一般习惯、抽象概念或已成为过去的动作。a. playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)b. its no use eating so much fat. (泛指动作) c. its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象动作)d. he has forgotten seeing me before. (已成为过去的动作)2. 词组辨析remember to doremember doingforget to doforget doingregret to doregret doingmean to domean doingpropose to do想要做propose doing建议做try to dotry doingstop to dostop doinggo on to dogo on doingfocused practice1.dont talk with him any more. he is a man who is hard to _.a. be pleased b. pleasant c. pleasing d. please 2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. a. exposed b. having exposed c. being exposed d. after being exposed3. mr. reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. a. set up b. setting up c. have set upd. having set up 4. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen5. robert is said _ abroad, but i didnt know what country he studied in.a. to have studied b to study c. to be studying d to have been studying 6 - i usually go there by train. - why not _ by boat for a change?a. to try goingb.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going7. compared with women, men always prefer _ at home rather than _ so much time shopping . a to stay ,to spend b to stay ,spendc stay ,spend d stay ,to spend8. charles babbage is generally considered _the first computer. a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented9. little jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. a. to be taken b. to take c. being takend. taking10. _late in the afternoon, bob turned off the alarm(闹钟). a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleepd. having sleep11. with a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.a. settled b. settling c.to settle d. being settled12. the teacher asked us_so much noise. a.dont make b. not makec. not making d. not to make13. _ the assignment made his father lose his temper.a. the boys not having doneb. the boy not having donec. the boys having not doned. the boy having not done14. next week well have the final english examsyes? then，every minute must be made full useenglishaof studying bto study cof being studied dof to study15which do you enjoy _ your weekends, fishing or watching tv?aspending bto spend cbeing spent dspendkeys: dcbbadbca acdadb14. 解析：答案为d。本题考查介词和非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知该句用了被动语态结构，将其还原为主动语态， 即：we must make full use of every minute to study englishmake full use of是固定短语，every minute是它的宾语，其后应该用动词不定式作目的状语。该句的句意是“那么，我们必须充分利用每一分钟去学英语。”15. 解析：答案为b。本题考查动词不定式作目的状语的用法。该句如果暂时去掉状语 your weekends，即：which do you enjoy，fishing or watching tv?可直接看出该句动词enjoy已经有了宾语fishing or watching tv，故该空不是动词enjoy的宾语，根据句意可知应该是目的状语，所以要用动词不定式。home assignmenti. cloze. in order to be a success in the american business world, you must “get along” with people. you must learn to conduct yourself in such a way thatyou earn the affection and respect of others._2_ we have already pointed out, americans_3_ business and pleasure. therefore, learning how to _4_ informally can be a help with your american business _5_.americans like to talk about a numberof different topicssports, politics, cars, popular movies and television shows and personal interests. many large american cities have sports teams. if you are _7_ with americans in the united states, it would be a good idea tofind out about the local sports teams so that you can _9_ in the almost inevitable discussions about “how our team will do this year” .politics can be a _11_ topic unless everyone is of the same mind _12_.limit your discussions to asking questions of your friends. most americans are car owners and some are even obsessive about the subject. you can contribute _14_talking about cars you have owned or by _15_ information you have read in automotive magazines. americans watch television almost every night and attend movies regularly,_16_ naturally television shows and the _17_ movies become topics for discussions. if you are unable to _18_ american television or attend american movies, reading the _19_ section of such magazines as time news week will keep you up to date on _20_is popular in america. 1. a. while b. since c. as d. because2. a. mix b. enjoy c. like d. manage3. a. conduct b. appear c. behave d. chat4. a. friends b. efforts c. contacts d. companies5. a. meeting b. working c. living d. playing6. a. workb. participate c. succeed d. break7. a. commonb. sensitivec. special.d daily8. a. politicallyb. economicallyc. professionallyd. personally9. a. tob. towardc. byd. through10. a. collectingb. sharingc. gatheringd. analyzing11. a. sob. thereforec. thus d. hence12. a. interestingb. excitingc. excellentd. latest13. a. witnessb. lookc. watch d. glance14. a. entertainmentb. sportsc. businessd. movie15. a. whichb. that c. what d. as解析2. as we have already pointed out表示：正如我们所指出的那样。as引导非限制性定语从句答案为c。3.mix business and pleasure意思是：把工作和娱乐混在一起。答案为a。4.learn how to chat informally是动名词短语作主语，表示“学会如何进行非正式交谈”。答案为d。5.business contacts生意接触/交往。答案为c。7.work with sb.与某人一起工作。答案为b。9.participate表示“参与(谈话之中)”。答案为b。10.第二段第一句有many large american cities have sports teams.答案为d。11.sensitive topic表示“敏感的话题”。答案为b。12.politically从“政治方面”(除非大家观点或意见相同)。答案为a。13.car owners指“拥有汽车的人”。从下一句中可得知。答案为b。14.“by+动名词”表示以某种方式做某事。答案为c。15.share information you have read表示：把你所读到的内容或信息与他人分享。答案为b。16.so naturally表示“更不用说”。答案为a。17.latest movies最新上映的电影。答案为d。18.watch television看电视。答案为c。19.entertainment section表示“娱乐版”。答案为a。20.on what is popular in america考查介宾从句，what在从句中充当主语，表示“有关于在美国很流行的东西”。答案为c。ii. translation. 1. 世纪大道将近35米宽，是那条道路的4倍那么宽 ( wide, and, width)2. 他祖父留给他一大笔价值十亿元的遗产。( worth) 3. 一旦你下定决心，无论遇到什么困难都不要放弃。（whatever）4. 我为那些被迫学钢琴的孩子感到难过。(sorry, force) 5. 在后墙上挂着一幅美丽的中国画。(倒装句) 6. 当他告诉歌迷们他的新专辑即将发行时，他们高兴地大叫起来。(release，joy)key: the century avenue is almost 35 meters wide and 4 times the width of that road.his grandfather left him a large heritage, which was worth one billion yuan. once you have made up your mind, dont give up whatever difficulty you meet with. i feel sorry for those children who are forced to learn to play the piano. on the back wall hangs a beautiful chinese painting.when he told his fans that his new album would be released soon, they cried with joy. iii. readingawe experience different forms of the suns energy every day. we can see its light and feel its warmth. the sun is the major source of energy for our planet. it causes the evaporation(蒸发) of water from the oceans and lakes. sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. these green plants then provide food for all organisms(生物) on the earth.much of the energy that comes from the sun never reaches the earths surface. it is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflec