高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题06 动词的时态和语态.doc

2013年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破 专题06 动词的时态和语态【2013高考预测】1.常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和基本用法.2.主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法.3.情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间。根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语。同时，正确分析试题的时态语境是非常重要的。这里的“语境”是指上下文的时间信息，入是题干所提供的对话，或是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，从而判断句子的时态。这仍然是命题的焦点。【难点突破】难点1 动词时态动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间。根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语。同时，正确分析试题的肘态语境是非常重要的。这里的“语境”是指上下文的时间信息，或呈题干所提供的对话，或是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，从而判断句子的时态。这仍然是命题的焦点。 1.at this time tomorrow, at home with a cup of tea.a. i am going to watch tv b. i will be watching tv c. i 11 watch tv d. im to watch tv2.hey, boy! l,ook where you are going!a. im not noticing b. i wasnt noticing c. i am not uoticed d. i dont noticed【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法1 .he was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.a. were deciding b. have decided c. decided d. will decide 2. they _ on the program for almost one week before i joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. a. had been working; are still working b. had worked; were still working c. have been working; have worked d. have worked; are still working【错误解答】 c【易错点点睛】 本题有两个不同的语境。前者是在我加入以前他们已经干了一个星期，是过去的过去，用过去完成时；后者则用现在进行时来表示目前仍然处于的状态。时间状语so far是修饰动作come out的。 【正确解答】 a3.has sam finished his homework today? i have no idea. he _ it this morning. a. did b. has done c. was doing d. had done5.thank goodness, you are here! what_ you?traffic jam.a. keeps b. is keeping c. had kept d. kept【错误解答】 c【易错点点睛】 根据语义youre here(你终于到了)，那么后面是叙述在到达之前所发生的事情，说明动作已经终止，用一般过去时。如果说强调对现在的影响，也只能是现在完成时，所以c项是错误的。【正确解答】 d6. the crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.a. were waiting b. had been waiting c. had waited d. would wait7.maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.a. can you find b. you could tlnd c. you can find d. could you find【正确解答】 d9.now that she is out of job, lucy going back to school, but she hasat decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering c. considered d. is going to considered例如:i leave for beijing next monday.the meeting begins in a minute.在here，there，in等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: i leave for beijing next monday.there goes the bell. in came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想或理解的动词，如see ，hear，think，hope，wish，know， forget，understand，like，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常有可用于一般现在时。例如: i feel a sudden pain in my head.2.一般过去时 在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder，think等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度；情态动词的过去式could， should，would，might也可用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气。例如:i wanted to ask if you could help me.could you lend me your dictionary?would you like to have a walk in the garden with me?what should i do now? 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时 (1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。例如: how are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。例如: dont mention this when you are talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与always，all the time，forever， constantly等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。例如: he is always thinking of his study. (表示赞许)tom is talking his past all the time. (表示厌恶)(4)连系动词look，feel，smdl，taste，sound等，表示心理的动词want，like，prefer，have等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是，turn，become，get，grow，go等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时，用进行时。例如:she feels worse today.the fish smells good.the rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态)its getting darker and darker.(改变状态)5.般过去时和现在完成时的区别 (2)一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday， last night，two days ago，at that time等；例如:at that time, he was very poor.i finished my homework two days ago.现在完成时常用的状语，副词有already，just， yet，never，ever，before等，与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如today， now，lately，recently，in the lastpast few days weeksyears，since then，up to now，so far等。例如:i have never seen such a big apple.he has remembered 500 words this month. he has been there for five months. i havent seen him since 典型例题 i havent seen him since he left.i wont believe you until i have seen it with my own eyes. 比较下面句子，体会两种时态的不同: he served in the army from 1999 to 典型例题指过去的一件事，现在不是军人) he has served in the army for 6 years.(现在还在服役) he wrote many novels when he was at college. (写许多小说是读大学时的事情) he has written many novels。(写过许多小说，还在写)i saw war and peace lastyear.(去年看的)i have seen war and peace before.(以前看过) 6.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在有着影响；现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结果。例如: you look so tired ,what have you been doing? we have been discussing the problem but we havent drawn a conclusion.【变式探究】3 whats the weather like tomorrow?well, i _ it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.a. was missing b. missed c. will miss d. had misse答案: b解析:错过了是过去的事情。 4 may i speak to your manager at four o clock this afternoon ?im sorry. he to a conference long before then.a. will have gone b. had gone c. would go d. has gone答案: a解析:在那个时候已经发生了，将来完成时。 2.why did you leave that position? i _ a better position at ibm.a. offer b. offered c. am offered d. was offered【错误解答】 c【易错点点睛】 动词offer常用在offereb.sth.结构中，这里主语是i，故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选d。【正确解答】 d3. sarah,hurry up. im afraid you wouldnt have time to _ before the party.a. get changed b. get change c. get changing d. get to change【错误解答】 d【易错点点睛】 本题考查系表结构。“get changed是换衣服的意思，changed是过去分词做表语。类似的还有 get dressed，get seated等。【正确解答】 a5. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _ by 2007. a. has been completed b. has completed c. will have been completed d. will have completed【特别提醒】 1.在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利 的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。例如: he got wounded in a battle.she got married last week.the patient gets treated once a week.did you get scolded yesterday?he became seized with a deep sorrow. 3.主动形式表示被动意义的情况:1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如look(看上去)，smell，taste，sound，feel，appear (似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。例如:the roses smell sweet.the theory proved true.the examination turned out easy.2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record， lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。例如:your composition reads well.his voice records well.the door locks easily.the coat wears well.3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin， finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，rna，move等。例如work began at 7oclock this morning.the shop closes at 6 p.m. everyday.【变式探究】1 the christmas card mr. white ?no. its still on the desk.a. has; given b. was; given c. has; been given d. will; be given答案: c解析:强调有没有被送去。 2 only when your identity has been checked, _. a. you are allowed in b. you will be allowed in c. will you allow in d. will you be allowed in答案: d解析:将来的事情，被许可。5 slowly the old woman took out her pocket book, and an old photograph _ out of it.a. dropped b. was dropped c. was dropping d. had been dropped易错点点睛 3 情态动词+have+过去分词结构1 、when the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.a. started; had already hidden b. had started; had already hidden c. had started; was hiding d. was starting; hid【错误解答】 d【易错点点睛】 如果误解为“waswere doing. when.”(即将突然)句型，就会错选d。从句意看 hide的动作在start之前就已经开始了，应当用过去完成时来表示过去的过去。【正确解答】 a2. scientists think that the continents _ where they _ today. a. arent; are b. arent; were c. werent; are d. werent; were4.that was really a splendid evening. its years _ i enjoyed myself so much. a. when b. that c. before d. since【特别提醒】固定句式中的时态和语态的情况: 1.在if, unlless，evenif 引导的条件状语从句中，在when，until(till)，as soon ss，the moment，once引导的时间状语从句中，no mater whatwhowhichwhenwherehow或whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时(往往出现will shallcanmust)或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:ill not go unless i am invited.tell him the news as soon as he comes. 5.三个特殊句式的固定时态。thisit is the firstsecond.time + that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。例如:this the firsr time i have come to the famous city.it was the forth time he had made the same mistake.(2)it ishas been + 一段时间 + since从句。 since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。例如:it was ten years since we had hadsuch a wonderful time.(3)it + be + 一段时间 + before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。例如:it wont be long before he succeeds.(要不了多久他就会成功)it was ten years before they met again.(十年后,他们又见面了)【变式探究】1 the cell phone i _ i is on the back seat of my ear.a. thought; had lost b. think; had lost c. thought; have lost d. think; lost3 _ i toured zhangjiajie, i was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.a. for the first time b. at first c. it was the first time d. the first time答案: d解析:the first time引导时间状语从句。【2013高考突破】2. hes already gone homebut before he lefthe_all the mistakes in his paperawould correct bhas corrected ccorrected dhad corrected3.- its many years since i saw you last； i _ you at all.- i wouldnt have, either, if someone _ you by the name.adidnt recognize; hadnt called bdidnt recognize; didnt callchavent recognized; didnt call drecognized; had called4. -what do you think of the eiffel tower?-splendidwhen i was in france，i it.ahave visited b. had visited ccould visit d. visited6. i wonder if you could go with me to the post office. id like to, but i _ my experiment report and have to finish it this afternoon.a. wrote b. was writing c. have written d. am writing【答案】d【解析】考查时态。根据答语后半部分中的内容可知答话人现在正在写实验报告，所以用现在进行时。7.the iphone 4s has been on the market for some timehave you got one?yes, i _ one during my visit to hong kongahave bought bbought chad bought dwould buy9. before i began this job, i _ a baby sitter for two years.a. have been b. was c. would be d. had been11.i have just received another message, telling me i have won a big prizedont jump on ityou _ashould be cheated bare being cheated care cheating dmust have cheated13.have you seen the film? yes. i _it three times when i was in america.a. sawb. had seenc. have seend. was seeing14. when you reach the other end of the bridge, i _ right there to show you the way.a. waitb. have waited c. was waitingd. will be waiting16.remember the first time we met?一sure. you _ in the supermarket.a. had shopped b. have shopped c. were shopping d. shopped18. the wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front_ to arrive.a. will be expectedb. is expectingc. expects d. is expected【答案】d【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继续。a cold front与expect之间是动宾关系，expert是发生在现在的动作，要用一般现在时，故选d项。19. the most delicious cake in the world _ by momplease wait an hour to enjoy itamakes bis made cis going to make dis being made21. in the past few years thousands of films _all over the world.a. have produced b. have been produced c. are producing d. are being produced23 、wed better take umbrellasim sure