不定式动名词.doc

不定式和动名词(2009-05-06 22:19:48) 后接不定式的词和词组：manage to do sth 设法做.afford to do sth 负担起做.wisth to do sth 希望做.apply A to B 把A运用B到中seem to 似乎see to 调查explain to 解释pay a visit to sp 参观某地do one best to do sth 尽力hesitate to do sth 犹豫signal (to) sb to do sth 打手势让某人做.belong to 属于consider sb (to sb) 把某人视为to be frank 坦白do damage to 损坏persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做.regret sb to do sth 请求某人做.permit sb to do sth 允许某人做.arrange to do stharrange for sb to do sth 安排做.do harm to 对.有害intend to do sth 打算做.sth happened to sb 某人发生某事compain to sb about sth 向某人抱怨.do violence to 强暴地对待volunteer to do 自愿做.respond to 答复refer to 查阅、指reply to 答复about to 即将warm sb of sth警告某人.to do sth警告某人做.go to extremes 走极端turn to 转向某人求得帮助next to 隔壁offer to do sth 主动提出做.try to do sth 设法做.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做.cause sb to do sth 使某人做.respond to 回答require sb to do sth 要求某人做.forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做.to people 对人类来说enable sb to do sth 使某人能做.to start with 一开始thanks to sb 多亏有某人happen to sb 发生在某人身上only to do (和本来愿望相反)jump to ones feet 突然站起来inspire sb to do sth 鼓舞某人做.to illustrate ones talk 为了阐述某人的观点afford to do sth 负担得起做.proceed to sp 走向某处proceed to do/with sth 继续做.to everyones surprise 让每个人吃惊的是exposure to 暴露adopt to 适应allow sb to do sth 允许某人做.pay great attention to detial 非常关注细节force sb to do sth 逼迫某人做.tailor A to B 根据B制定Areturn to reality 回归现实thanks to 由于stick to 坚持对于非谓语形式作宾语，大致有三种情况：1. 只能用不定式作宾语。如 afford, agree, decide, decline, fail, hope, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等。2. 只能用 -ing形式宾语。如 admit, avoid, consider, deny, delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest 以及 put off, give up 等。3. 既能用不定式又能 -ing形式。如 begin, start, like, prefer, remember, regret, need, try, mean 等。对于第3种情况中的许多动词，用两种形式还有一定的差别。 begin, start, continue 等，用两种形式一般没有明显区别。 like, love, prefer, hate 等，用不定式和 -ing形式通常也没有区别。但是对于 would like, would love, would prefer，就只能用不定式。 remember, forget, regret，不定式表示将来，-ing形式表示过去。（regret to do“遗憾地”；regret doing“后悔做了”） need, want, require，用 -ing的主动形式相当于不定式的被动形式。（need doing need to be done） stop, go on. stop doing “停止正在做的事情”；stop to do“停下来，去做另一件事”（这里 stop 是不及物动词，不定式是目的状语）。go on doing “继续做先前在做的事”， continue doing continue to do；go on to do“接着去做另一件事”。 try to do“尽力做”；try doing“试着做”。 mean to do“打算做”， intend to do；mean doing“意味着”。 help to do“帮忙做某事”；cannot help doing“忍不住”。另外，对于 allow, permit, advise, forbid，其宾语用 -ing形式，宾语补足语用不定式。allow doing, allow sb to do, etc.只能后接不定式的35动词和短语一、只能后接不定式的动词和短语归纳有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词。如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do / try ones best, make an attempt, (努力), learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(), wish,希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。二、只能后接不定式的动词和短语考题1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (全国卷)A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met【分析】答案选C。agree只能接不定，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式。2. She pretended _me when I passed by. (全国卷)A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen【分析】答案选A。pretend只能接不定式，not要放在不定式的前面构成否定。只能接-ing形式的35动词和短语一、用法归纳有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议),oman), suggest, advice(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), cant stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。二、考题分析1. Do you mind _ alone at home? (上海卷)A. Jane leaving B. Jane having leftC. Janes being left D. Jane to be left【分析】答案选C。mind后只能接-ing形式，且Jane与leave是被动关系。2. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _. (全国卷)A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch【分析】答案选C。miss后只能接动名词，且it(the squirrel)与catch是被动关系。3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. (全国卷 )A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre calling【分析】答案选C。appreciate后只能接动名词，your是其逻辑主语。4. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. (全国卷)A. to read B. to be readC. reading D. being read【分析】答案选C。在be worth后只能接doing，且用主动形式表示被动含义。5. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (江苏卷)A. find B. to findC. on finding D. in finding【分析】答案选C。insist后接that从句，或者接on sth. 或on doing sth. ,没有别的接法。insist on doing坚持要做某事。6.He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr. Turner. (上海卷)A. been called B. calledC. having called D. being called【分析】答案选D。在insist on后只能接-ing形式。动词接动名词还是不定式一个及物动词后接另一动词作宾语时，有时只能用不定式，有时只能用动名词，有时用不定式或动名词均可且含义相同，有时用不定式或动名词均可但含义不同。具体情况大致如下：一、下列动词习惯上只接动名词作宾语admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免avoid consider 考虑 delay 推迟 discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit允许permitpractise 练习 prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推迟report 报告 risk 冒险I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗户是我打破的。Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想像你是在月球上。He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。You shouldnt keep thinking about it. 你不该老想着这事。Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去? 注：(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。如：The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)等后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语；而有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss)则可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。He advised me to buy a computer. Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?二、下列动词习惯上只接不定式作宾语afford 付得起 agree 同意 arrange 安排 ask 要求care 想要 choose 决定 decide 决定 demand 要求determine 决心 expect 期待 fail 未能 help 帮助hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 long 渴望 manage 设法offer 主动提出 plan 计划 prepare 准备 pretend 假装promise 答应 refuse 拒绝 want 想要 wish 希望I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。She demanded to see the headmaster. 她请求见校长。He promised to save a room for me. 他答应给我留个房间。He pretended to be friendly with me. 他假装对我友善。He offered to take 10% off the price. 他表示愿意按原价减去百分之十。I dont wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。They planned to send a rocket to the moon. 他们计划向月球发射火箭。三、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语且意义相同的动词like 喜欢 love 喜欢 hate 憎恨 prefer 宁可begin 开始 start 开始 continue 继续 cant bear 不能忍受bother 麻烦 intend 想要 attempt 试图 cease停止He likes to sing singing. 他喜欢唱歌。It has started to rain raining. 开始下雨了。You neednt bother to come up coming up. 你不必费心过来了。The baby continued to cry crying all night. 这孩子哭了一整夜。The old man ceased breathing to breathe. 老人停止了呼吸。注：当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式。另外，当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式。四、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(1) remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词(有时可用完成式)，则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)(2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如：Ill try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接动名词表示意味着(做某事，接动名词表示意味着要)做某事。如：He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。(4) stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如：He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。(stop后接的不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语)(5) cant help后接动名词表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如：mes New Roman后接动名词表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如：He couldnt help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。The medicine cant help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。注：go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有类似差别：前者表示做完某事后接着做另一事，后者表示继续做正在做的事。如：You oughtnt to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。(go on 后接doing通常被认为是现在分词而不是动名词)Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习五、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但语态不同的动词在 need, want, require等表示“需要”的动词后，接不定式和动名词均可，且含义也相同，但是语态不同：接动名词时用主动式表示被动含义，接不定式时则要用被动式表示”My coat needs mending to be mended. 我的外套需要缝补一下。Your coat wants brushing to be brushed. 你的大衣需要刷一刷。既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词一、后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词这类动词常见的有：like 喜欢 / love 喜欢 / hate 憎恨 / prefer 宁可 / begin 开始 / start 开始 / continue 继续 / cant bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻烦 / intend 想要 / attempt 试图 / cease 停止，等。如： He likes travelling to travel alone. 他喜欢单独旅行。He began doing to do this job last year. 他去年开始做这工作。Dont bother to get gettingdinner for me. 请不必费事为我做饭了。注意：当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式。如：Id like to drop in and see you tonight. 我想今晚来看你。另外，当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式。如：He is beginning to work in that company. 他即将开始去那个公司工作。After the talk with his English teacher, he began to like English. 跟英语老师谈话之后，他开始喜欢英语了。二、forget, remember, regret 后接不定式或动名词含义不同后接不定式或动名词含义不同动词 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动名词作宾语时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前。如：I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didnt. 我记得我把书给李蕾了，但是他说我没有给。此外，动词 forget, remember, regret 等接动名词、接动名词的完成式或不定式的完成式作宾语时，意义相同。如：I regretted to have broken the rules of our class. = I regretted having broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规。三、mean后接不定式或动名词含义不同动词 mean 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词作宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。如：”I