浅谈七叶树圃地的选择与整地.doc

/ / / /浅谈七叶树圃地的选择与整地Introduction to seven Ye Shupu selection and soil preparation 七叶树(Aesculus chinensis Bunge)又名梭椤树、菩提树、七叶枫树,是七叶树科七叶树属的落叶大乔木,其树形绚丽,挺拔文雅,是世界四大行道树之一,也是漂亮的庭荫树。随着城市园林绿化的疾速开展,对七叶树苗木的需求量越来越大。笔者近几年停止了七叶树播种育苗实验,积聚了较为丰厚的经历,现将七叶树播种育苗技术总结如下。Buckeye (Aesculus chinensis Bunge) also known as spindle tree fern, banyan tree, seven Ye Feng tree, is a large deciduous trees of the genus hippocastabaceae buckeye, brilliant tree, tall and elegant, is one of the four big trees in the world, is also a beautiful shade trees. Rapid carried out along with the urban landscape greening, the buckeye seedling demand more and more big. I stopped the buckeye semination experiment in recent years, accumulated a relatively rich experience, now the buckeye semination technology summarized below. 选择生长强健、无病虫害、枝繁叶茂、坚固多的中壮年母树。采集时间以8月下旬至9月上中旬果实成熟时为宜,此时的种子最为丰满,成熟度和质量也较好。采种时间过早,种子生理成熟度不够,发芽率低,长势弱。采种时间过晚,种皮开裂,易腐朽生虫,发芽率会受影响。果实采集后应堆放在墙角阴凉通风处,上面掩盖草席或麻袋,促进外果皮零落、开裂,每天翻动数次,避免腐朽。但堆放时间不能超越3d,也不能在烈日下曝晒,选择丰满、色泽正常、无病虫害的种实。将分级后的纯洁种子用13湿沙混匀,湿度以手握成团,手松触之即开为宜,在背风向阳、土壤潮湿、排水良好的场所,挖土坑储存,并且留好通气孔,在贮藏过程中,要经常检查,以防霉烂或受干。Choose to grow strong, no plant diseases and insect pests, the flourishing and strengthened more mature trees. Acquisition time in late August and September occurrence peak advisable, when ripe seeds at this time the most plentiful, maturity and good quality too. Not enough seed time too early, the seed physiological maturity, low germination rate, growth weak. Seed production time is too late, skin cracking, easy rotten insect, germination percentage will be affected. Fruit acquisition should be stacked in the corner of the room after a cool and ventilated place, above the cover straw mat or sacks, promote exocarp is shattered, craze, turning every day several times, to avoid rot. But stacking time is not beyond 3 d, also cant in the hot sun exposure, select plump, colour and lustre is normal, no plant diseases and insect pests of solid. After grading the purity of seeds with 1:3 wet sand blender, humidity in hand together, openhanded touches that is advisable, in the leeward sunningdale, drainage good places, soil moisture, digging holes is stored, and leave a good vent, in the storage process, often should check, in case of mildew or dry. 选择背风向阳、土层深沉、pH值为中性或微酸性、排水良好,距水源较近、交通便利的肥美壤土地域作为播种用地。育苗地应于秋末深翻,并且施入有机肥3050t/hm2,过磷酸钙750kg/hm2。播种前要停止细致整地,肃清杂草和石块,使空中平整,土粒粗细平均。做成宽1.01.2m,长因地形而定的畦,并灌透水。播种前7d用0.5%的硫酸亚铁溶液喷洒床面,停止土壤消毒。也可在播种时,将适量的硫酸亚铁粉沫与细土等量混合平均撒入床面或播种沟内。在杀菌消毒的同时,还要用辛硫磷500800倍液喷洒床面或播种时施入播种沟内杀虫。Choose leeward sunningdale, soil deep, pH value is neutral or slightly acidic, good drainage, is apart from water, convenient transportation of rich loam region as the land for sowing. Seedling should be on the commune deprivation, and into the organic fertilizer rates 30 50 t/hm2, superphosphate 750 kg/hm2. To stop the soil before sowing and detailed site preparation, eliminate weeds and stones, so that air is flat and level, soil particle size on average. Made from 1.0 1.2 m wide, long because of the terrain strip, and irrigation water. 7 d before sowing seed spraying bed surface, with 0.5% of ferrous sulfate solution to stop the soil disinfection. Can also be used in planting, will the right amount of ferrous sulfate powder mixed with fine soil amount on average and into the bed surface or within the sowing ditch. At the time of sterilization, but also with phoxim 500 800 times liquid spraying bed surface or into the sowing ditch insecticidal planting time. 七叶树可秋播或春播。秋播时,采回蒴果要及时去除果壳,并马上播种,不停止沙藏处置。因种子颗粒大,多采用点播,株行距15cm25cm,深度45cm,播种时留意种脐向下,稍做镇压,入冬前浇水23次。春播时种子要停止处置,办法是:在背风向阳处做公开平床,宽120cm,深20cm,长度因种子数量而定,上方搭塑料小拱棚。2月下旬,将沙藏种子筛去沙粒,剥去果皮、去掉霉粒,用清水屡次冲洗。种子晾干后,倒入0.15%福尔马林溶液中浸种20min,捞出用塑膜盖严闷种30min,清水冲洗后将种子与3倍湿沙拌匀。接着倒入温床坑内,厚度15cm,上盖厚5cm湿沙,然后覆膜盖严。温度坚持在2530,夜间要盖草苫,15d左右种子开端发芽,当有1/3的种子发芽时,便可停止第1次捡种、播种,以后每3d停止1次,经3次捡种后,发芽的种到达60%70%。在春季3月份土壤完整冻结后播种,播种办法同秋播。播种量为2 2504 500kg/hm2。另外,砂藏种子假如曾经发芽,必需尽快下地播种,若天气较冷,则可于播种后加盖地膜保温起重机。Horse chestnut can be spring or autumn sowing. Autumn sowing, picking back to capsule to promptly remove the nut, and planting soon, dont stop sand disposal. Because of seed particles is large, use on demand, more plant row spacing 15 cm x 25 cm and 4 5 cm depth, seeding attention to umbilicus downwards, as a crackdown, water 2 3 times before winter. Spring sowing seeds to stop disposal method is: in the leeward XiangYangChu do open flat bed, 120 cm wide, deep 20 cm, length for the seed quantity, put plastic small GongPeng above. In late February, will go to grains of sand, sand sieve hidden seeds stripped skin, remove mildew grain, with clear water is rinsed repeatedly. Air-dried seeds, pour into soaked in 0.15% formalin solution for 20 min, remove the cover tightly with plastic film boring kind of 30 min, clean water to rinse the seed after 3 times with wet sand. Mix well. Then pour into a hotbed for pit, 15 cm, thickness, cover thickness 5 cm on the wet sand, then coated cover tightly. Temperature insisted on 25 30 , at night to cover CaoShan, around 15 d seeds start to germinate, when one third of seed germination, seeds can be stopped first pick up, and after each 3 d stop once, after 3 times pick up kind of sprout kind reach 60% 70%. Complete frozen soil in the spring march after sowing, sowing method with autumn sowing. Rate is 2 4 250 500 kg/hm2. Additionally, hidden sand if once germinated seeds, sowing seeds as soon as possible, necessary if the weather is colder, can heat preservation film after sowing. 在其种粒发芽前,一定要坚持土壤潮湿,但不能灌水,以免外表板结,因而在播种前1周左右应灌足水,播种后外表最好掩盖稻草,可起到保湿和保温作用,幼苗出土后逐步揭掉稻草泰山奇石。遇到晚霜和倒春寒等灾祸性天气发作时,应做好春季防冻工作。Before the kind of grain germination, must insist on soil moisture, but cannot to infuse water, in order to avoid surface harden, so around 1 week before sowing should fill enough water, the appearance after sowing the best straw cover, a moisturizing and heat preservation effect, gradually remove the straw after seedlings were unearthed. Late frost and pollen and other deadly weather occurs, should be to do a good job of spring frost. 分离松土除草,普通在57月每月追肥1次,以尿素为主,开沟埋施,用尿素300kg/hm2左右。苗木生长中止前1个月应追施钾肥,可撒施草木灰,也可喷施0.3%的磷酸二氢钾溶液,促进苗木安康生长和平安越冬。七叶树幼苗喜潮湿,但不耐干旱、高温和积水。从苗木出土到7月份,是七叶树高生长期,对水分请求较高水处理药剂。因而,要维持圃地潮湿,89月为七叶树苗木质化期,应控制土壤水分,少浇水,促进苗木地径生长和木质化;在雨季还要做好排水工作,避免苗床内呈现积水。Separation of scarification weeding, common in 5 to 7 months according to 1 times a month, give priority to with urea, open ditch buried, with urea is about 300 kg/hm2. Se