宝宝一定不能遗漏的疫苗.doc

4 宝宝一定不能遗漏的疫苗我国计划免疫疫苗包括卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破三联疫苗、麻疹疫苗和乙肝疫苗。接种这些疫苗，都是免费的。1、卡介苗出生第一针接种卡介苗，可以增强宝宝对于结核病的抵抗力，预防严重结核病和结核性脑膜炎的发生。目前我国采用的是减毒活疫苗，安全有效。宝宝在出生后，就要及时接种卡介苗。禁忌：当新生儿患有高烧、严重急性症状、免疫不全、出生时伴有严重先天性疾病、低体重、严重湿疹以及可疑的结核病时，不应接种。注意事项：接种后在接种部位有红色结节，伴有痛痒感，结节会变成脓包或溃烂。此类现象属疫苗的正常反应，一般2-3个月自行愈合。如果宝宝出生时没接种，可在2个月内到当地结核病防治所卡介苗门诊或者疾病预防控制中心的计划免疫门诊补种。2、脊髓灰质炎疫苗可以吃的疫苗脊髓灰质炎疫苗，简称脊灰糖丸，是一种减毒活疫苗，它是白色颗粒状糖丸。宝宝出生后按计划服用糖丸，可有效地预防脊髓灰质炎(即小儿麻痹症)。注意事项：(1)婴儿服用糖丸时，可用冷开水溶解后送服。这个疫苗是活病毒制品，如果用热开水溶解，活疫苗会因温度过高而失去活性，吃了也没有作用，在宝宝体内不会产生抗体。(2)30分钟内不能吃热的东西(包括母乳)。(3)服用后如果因吐奶或呕吐等导致疫苗服用剂量不足，可重新补服。3、百白破疫苗三联针百白破疫苗是将百日咳菌苗、白喉类毒素及破伤风类毒素混合制成，可以同时预防百日咳、白喉和破伤风。接种对象是3个月以上宝宝。百白破疫苗必须连续打三针，即3个月时注射第一针，以后每隔一个月注射一针。三针连续注射后，才会产生足够的抗体。这些抗体只能维持一定的时间，不能终生免疫，所以在一段时期后还要打加强针。由于大年龄儿童或成人对百日咳菌苗的副反应较大，故7岁起加强用疫苗不再含有百日咳细菌成分，而改用白破二联制剂。注意事项：百白破疫苗接种后可能会引起局部硬结、发热等副反应，一般反应23天内消失。接种后如果体温在38.5以上，可到医院就诊，进行对症治疗；局部红肿、硬结范围较大，持续时间较长，应到医院就诊，进行对症治疗和定期观察，硬结尽量不予切开。一旦发生发高热、局部硬结等症状较为严重的副反应，不要再注射百白破疫苗。4、麻疹疫苗麻疹疫苗是一种减毒活疫苗，接种反应小，抗体产生快，免疫持久性好。6个月以内宝宝由于有从母体获得的抗体，一般不会得麻疹。所以第一次接种应在宝宝满8个月，4岁时再复种。5、乙肝疫苗乙型肝炎在我国的发病率很高，慢性活动性乙型肝炎还是造成肝癌、肝硬化的主要原因，让宝宝接种乙肝疫苗是非常必要的。我国于2002年11月将乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫。乙肝疫苗第一针应在宝宝出生24小时内及时接种。Epi vaccines in China, including the BCG vaccine, polio vaccine, DPT vaccine, measles vaccine and hepatitis b vaccine. The vaccine, are free.1, the BCG vaccine - born first injectionBaby for TB vaccinal BCG vaccine, can strengthen the resistance, prevent the happening of the severe tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis. At present our country USES is live attenuated, safe and effective. The baby after birth, will be timely vaccination BCG vaccine.Taboo:When babies with high fever, severe acute symptoms, immune insufficiency, who was born with severe congenital diseases, low weight, severe eczema, and suspected tuberculosis (TB), should not be vaccinated.Note:Have red nodules in the vaccination site, after inoculation with casual feeling, nodules may become pustules or decay. This kind of phenomenon belong to the normal reaction of a vaccine, generally 2-3 months to heal.If the baby was born not vaccinated, can be in 2 months to local TB prevention BCG vaccine clinic or centers for disease control and prevention, immunization clinic reseed.2, polio vaccine, edible vaccinesPolio vaccine, polio sugar pill for short, is a kind of live attenuated, it is white granulated sugar pill. The baby was born to take sugar pill, can effectively prevent polio (polio).Note:(1) the baby take sugar pill, can use cold water dissolves. The vaccine is a live virus products, if use hot water to dissolve, live vaccine will lose activity, because the temperature was too high had no effect, in the babys body does not produce antibodies.(2) cannot eat hot things within 30 minutes (including milk).(3) if caused by vomiting milk or vomiting after taking the vaccine doses, to take.3, the DPT vaccine - the joint pinThe DPT vaccine is mix pertussis vaccine, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid, can also prevent whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Vaccination object is more than 3 months baby.The DPT vaccine must be continuous to play three stitches, namely 3 months the first injection, every other month after injected a needle. Three stitches after continuous injection, would produce enough antibodies.These antibodies can maintain a certain amount of time, cant lifelong immunity, so after a period of time but also strengthen injection. Because of the big age children or adults to pertussis vaccine adverse event is bigger, so the age of 7 to strengthen with the vaccine no longer contain pertussis bacteria composition, and use white to break the dual preparations.Note:After the DPT vaccine may cause local induration, fever adverse reactions, such as general reaction disappeared in 2 3 days.If the temperature is above 38.5 after inoculation, but to the hospital, for symptomatic treatment; Swelling, induration range is larger, longer duration, should be to the hospital, and symptomatic treatment and regular observation, induration will not be cut as much as possible.In the event of hair high fever, the symptom such as local induration more serious side effects, not to the DPT vaccine.4, the measles vaccineMeasles is a kind of live attenuated vaccine, vaccination reaction is small, antibody produced fast, good immune persistence. Within 6 months baby with from maternal antibodies, generally do not have to measles. So first vaccination should be the baby of 8 months, revaccination again at the age of 4.5, the hepatitis b vaccineA high incidence of hepatitis b in China, chronic active hepatitis b is the main cause of liver canc