高一英语第一单元知识点讲座.doc

高一英语第一单元知识点讲座Unit One Good Friends一本单元重点词汇1. argue 关键记忆 argue with sb. about sth. Passengers often argue with taxi drivers about the fare (车费)。 扩展记忆 argue for / against sth argue that- clause Those people argued for / against the new rules of this company. They argued that they should be given more money.2. especially / specially 关键记忆 especially 意为“尤其是、特别地”，有超出其它的意思。用法上侧重加强语气。specially 意为“专门地、特意地”，有“特色、不一般”意义。 Its always difficult living in a foreign country, especially if you dont know the language there. Im fond of all the subjects we are learning, especially physics. Mum ordered a cake specially for my birthday. The whole family went to the town specially to see my sick granny. 扩展记忆 special / especial3sure 关键记忆 be sure of /about sth be sure of doing sth be sure to do sth be sure that/what/whether/how.I am not too sure of driving that car in such weather.My brother is sure of / about his success in this English test.(be sure about后不能用 doing形式, be sure of doing sth. 意义在于主语对自身拥有的信心)If he comes late tomorrow, he is sure to be punished.(be sure to do 意义在于说话者以旁人的身份对句子主语作出的推断)be sure that/what/whether/how. 表达句子主语对后面从句陈述的内容的推断I am not so sure whether he has known the news.My English teacher is sure that this sentence is not right. 扩展记忆 上述几种结构都可以用certain来替换sure, 但是在Its certain that .这个句型中我们只能用certain。Its certain that you can catch what he will say at the meeting. (不能说Its sure that .）4. imagine 关键记忆 imagine sth. imagine (sb./ones) doing sth. We can hardly imagine his life on so lonely an island.We can hardly imagine his living on such a lonely island.Have you imagined flying in space? 扩展记忆 imagine sb. /sth. to be +n. (adj.) imagine that clause /how clause / why -.The young man often imagines himself to be a great artist.I cant imagine why so many students dont want to go to his lecture.5. share 关键记忆 share in sth (in 可以省） share sth. with / among / between sb.True friends should share happiness and sorrow with each other.Well share (in) the cost among us ten. People usually hate sharing a hotel bedroom with a stranger.Its raining hard. May I share the umbrella with you? 扩展记忆 share 作名词用，意为“分额”。 Dont worry. Every one here will have his share of food.6. alone / lonely 关键记忆 alone 意义侧重在客观上 “一个人”、“独自”。 lonely意义侧重在主观上 孤独的， 或指“偏僻的”、“遥远的”。 The old granny lives alone but she doesnt feel lonely. Its terrible to find oneself alone in such a lonely place. It was too big a job for me to do alone. 扩展记忆 alone 放在名词或代词后面，意思是“仅仅”、“只有”，相当于“only”的意思。 Tom alone has done so much work. (Only Tom .) Time alone will show who was right on that argument. alone / afraid / awake / asleep leave . alone / let . alone 不理会，顺其自然 let alone 更不用说二本单元重点短语1. be / become / get fond of 和be into sth. 关键记忆 be / become / get fond of 相当于like ，“很喜欢”be well fond of .。 be into sth. 也表示“喜欢”的意思，常译成“热衷于”、“对 感兴趣”。We cant get fond of such naughty children.People , fond of music , can get a ticket each for the concert.Are you into computer games? love 意为“喜欢”，表示程度较深 ，感情色彩强烈；like 和be fond of 感情色彩较弱些；enjoy 侧重于享受某种乐趣。like 或love后可以接动名词也可以是动词不定式；而enjoy 与be fond of后只能接动名词或名词。3. too much / much too 关键记忆 too much 意为 “太多”、“太多的”Ive got too much to do this week.Too much needs to be done / needs doing . Dont let the child watch TV too much. be too much for sb. (to do .) Climbing such a high mountain will be too much for the old. The English text-book will be too much for Chinese students. much too 意为“太”, much 放在too的前面加强语气。 The book is much too difficult for us. He eats too much meat and especially too much fried meat ,so he is much too fat.4. as much as . 有之多 关键记忆 as much as 2 tons / 600 dollars / two hours as many / long / high / early / far . asThey at last got as much as two thousand dollars.They went forward as far as the riverside.5. honestly speaking （也可以直接说 Honestly,.） (常用在句首) 坦白 / 坦陈地说，。 类似短语generally speaking 6. treat . as 。 把某人当作/看作为 类似的短语结构有：regard sb. as . / think of sb. as. / look on / upon sb. as .have sb. as . / consider sb. as . 以及 imagine sb. as . 把某人想象为Page: 4三本单元重点句型1. do you think等在特殊问句中用作插入语。 do you suppose, do you guess I think , I hope, Im afraid, I believe, you know 等也可以用做插入语，但往往用逗号隔开。如：The medicine ,I think, will do good to your health.2关于“也”的不同表达方式。 too / either / also so + be / 助动词 / 情态词 + 主语 neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态词 + 主语 1) Her English teacher is from Nanjing ,so am I. 2) The 10-year-old child has read a lot of English books, and so has my sister. 3) He went to the center of the city last night. So did I. 4)You have never been to Mocao, neither has my sister. 5) He didnt finish his homework. Neither / Nor did I. 6) I dont know the answer to the question, nor do you, nor does she and nor does anyone else. If 引导的条件句（一般现在时态），+ neither / nor引导的主句要用助动词 will / shall 7)If you go to the lecture this morning, so will / shall I. 8) If you dont stop to have a break, nor will the children. 如果前一句子里有两个（以上）谓语，且有肯否定两种不同形式，或者使用动词类型不同（系词、情态词、实义词），后一句句子里就用以下两种句型： So it is with sb. / sth. Its the same with sb. / sth. 9) - My aunt is fond of music and practices playing the piano every morning. - So it is with my sister. 10) - I like English but I cant speak it very well. - So it is with me . / its the same with me.3.What is sb / sth like? 这个句型用来询问对方对有关人和事物的评价，评论人的可以指人所拥有的内在品质，也可以指外形。如： - Whats the young man like ? (长得怎么样？/是什么样的人？) - He is tall , handsome and also honest. 用在询问某某人品质方面、或是外表如何，作答时，既可以回答其中一个方面，又可以将两方面都作答。此句型还可以用于询问天气或某事怎么的。如：Whats the weather like today and what will it be tomorrow?- Whats that kind of radio like?- Its a pocket one, very nice and fine.在表示“觉得怎样”时，我们还用：What do you think of sth.? / How do you like .?What about . ?/ How about . ?请不要将下面两个结构混淆：What does he like ?What does he look like?4. so . that . 一可以表示“如此以致以”的意义，引导结果状语从句。常用下面的结构：so + adj./ adv + that 从句 so + adj. + a / an 名词单数 + that 从句 so many / few + 名词复数 + that 从句 so much / little + 不可数名词+ that 从句This novel is so interesting that I want to read it once more.There is so little time left that I have to leave at once.He made so many errors in spelling that the teacher asked him do it again.so that 和in order that 引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常与can ,could , may , might 等连用。如：He turned up the radio so that / in order that everyone in the room could hear the news. (目的)He turned up the radio so that everyone in the room heard the news. (结果)There were such a lot of people in the street that we could hardly move on. (结果)5. should have done 表示过去应该做而没有去做， shouldnt have done 表示过去不应该做而去做了的动作。两者均表示“责怪”的意义。如：You should / shouldnt have told the news to the others.must have done cant / couldnt have donemay / might / can / could have doneneed / neednt have done6. when 在句子中的几种不同使用： 1） 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”。如：He left school when he was only fourteen. 2） 表示条件，意思是“只要”、“倘若”。如：You can keep the book with you when you dont lend it to others. 3） 表示让步意义，意思是“虽然”、“尽管”。如：He didnt get the news when he should have been told. 4） 本单元中，表示“就在那时”，相当于“and then”、“and just then”或“just at that moment”。 如：I was watching a TV play when suddenly I heard someone crying for help outside.I was about to go when my uncle came to see me.四重点难点一起练单项选择1This book is _c_ for a seven-year-old child to read. A. too much difficult B. too more difficult C. much too difficult D. more difficult 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _b_ . A. have survived B. are to survive C. want survive D. will survive 3. Most of the members in this football team play well, _b_ Wang Tao. A. specially B. especially C. especial D. special 4. He hardly goes out to see movies on Sundays, _d_ his young brother. They usually stay at home reading. A. nor didnt B. nor did C. nor doesnt D. nor does 5. The little girl wont leave the TV set, _c_ her parents are waiting for her supper. A. even B. as if C. even though D. but 6. -Is this a _? - No, its a _a_ place where there are no people. A. desert , deserted B. desert , deserting C. deserted , deserted D. deserting , deserting 7. Mr. Jackson may be at home, but youd better call and _c_. A. be sure B. be certain C. make sure D. make sure of 8. There was an _c_ expression on her face for she got an _ phone call from her boy friend. A. interesting , excited B. excited, interested C. excited , exciting D. exciting , interesting 9. Its _a_ that Alice will arrive there earlier than you. A. certain B. certainl