广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 阅读理解19.doc

阅读理解精讲精炼19 101.youve just come home, after living abroad for a few years. since youve been away, has this country changed for the betteror for the worse?if youve just arrived back in the uk after a fortnights holiday, small changes have probably surprised youanything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobilephone shop to someone in your street moving house.so how have things changed to people coming back to britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? what changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticedor now take for granted? to find out, we asked some people who recently returned. debi: when we left, cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middleclass familiesall very conservative(保守的). the town is now home to many eastern europeans and lots of australians, who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism. there are even several shops only for foreigners. having been an immigrant (移民) myself, i admire people who go overseas to find a job. maybe if i lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, id think differently, but i believe foreign settlers have improved this country because theyre more openminded and often work harder than the natives. christine: as we flew home over britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. but the differences between the place wed left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed. to see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frighteningin cyprus, theyre very relaxedand i got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metalmade buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. everyone seemed to be on guard. even the airport carhire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers. but anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. i just wish more people would appreciate what theyve got.51after a short overseas holiday, people tend to _.anotice small changesbexpect small changescwelcome small changesdexaggerate small changes52how does debi look at the foreign settlers?acautiously. bpositively.csceptically. dcritically.53when arriving at the airport in britain, christine was shocked by _.athe relaxed policemenbthe messy arrivals hallcthe tight securitydthe bank robbers54which might be the best title for the passage?alife in britain.bback in britain.cbritain in future.dbritain in memory.【要点综述】此篇涉及人们对家乡变化的关注，短期离家和长期离开家乡的人们对家乡变化的感悟是不一样的。51a信息理解题。由第二段第一句small changes have probably surprised you可知答案。其他选项不能根据文章得出。52b推理判断题。由第五段中but i believe foreign settlers have improved this country because可知b项正确。53c信息理解题。由倒数第二段第一句policemen with guns in the airport及最后一句their vehicles had been used by bank robbers. 可知c为正确答案。54b主旨大意题。第一段即为全文的主旨段，从全文也可看出文章讲的是离开家乡一段时间再回来，人们便会感知家乡的变化。102. when my brother and i were young, my mom would take us on transportation days. it goes like this: you cant take any means of transportation more than once. we would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. wed take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. we always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didnt like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. at the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day. the good thing about transportation days is not only that mom taught us how to get around. she was born to be multimodal (多方式的). she understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidencethe product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. new cities are just lightrail lines to be explored. and your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolboxand often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. on transportation days, we might stop for lunch on chestrut street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. first, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. as i got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: how do i know where to get off? how do i know how much it costs? how do i know when i need tickets, and where to get them? what track, what line, which direction, wheres the stop, and will i get wet when we go under the river?im writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didnt try on our transportation days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. my flight routed me through philadelphia. my multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. she took a train to meet me.55which was forbidden by mom on transportation days?ahaving a car ride.btaking the train twice.cbuying more than one toy.dtouring the historic district.56according to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her transportation days?abuilding confidence in herself.breducing her use of private cars.cdeveloping her sense of direction.dgiving her knowledge about vehicles.57the underlined word “paralyzed”(in para.5) is closest in meaning to “_”adisplayed bjustifiedcignored druined58which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?aairplane. bsubway.ctrain. dcar.【要点综述】此篇讲述了作者乘车的经历，折射出西方父母注意让孩子从小就接触和了解社会，从而培养孩子认识问题和解决问题的能力。55b信息理解题。由第二段第一句it goes like this：you cant take any means of transportation more than once.可知b项中twice不可以做，所以b项正确。56a推理判断题。由第三段中the good thing about transportation days is not onlyshe understood that depending on cars above all, a failure of confidence可知a为正确答案。57d词意猜测题。paralyze使不能正常工作，此处根据句意为“破坏，毁坏”。母亲帮“我”解开其中的奥秘，否则“我”当初的尝试会遭到破坏。由后面的几个问句即可得出其情景意义。其他选项不符合句意。58a信息理解题。最后一段的on an airplane, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.可知a正确。103. how is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? one answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in_a_different_family. the firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. the next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. the mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. one sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father. sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. but more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others lives. dr. annette henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. the reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same oneonone time with parents. but that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. laterborns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “i” and “me”a cambridge university study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. lovehate relationships were common among the children. even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs. one way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. a 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.63the underlined part “in a different family” (in para. 1) means “_” ain a different family environment bin a different family tradition cin different family crises din different families64in terms of language development, laterborns _. aget their parents individual guidance blearn a lot from their elder siblings cexperience a lot of difficulties dpick up words more quickly65what was found about fights among siblings? asiblings hated fighting and loved playing. bsiblings in some families fought frequently. csibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. dsiblings learned to get on together from fights.66the word “feminine” (in para. 4) means “_” ahaving qualities of parents bhaving qualities of women chaving defensive qualities dhaving extraordinary qualities【要点综述】此篇是关于同一家庭里不同子女的成长情况和兄弟姐妹之间相互影响的调查报告。从中我们可以看出即使生活在同一个家庭里，兄弟姐妹成长的环境也不尽相同，他们既有区别，又相互影响。63a推理判断题。由划线部分下文可知，同一家庭里的兄弟姐妹由于成长的时空背景不尽相同，所以虽然他们生活在同一屋檐下，但家里的人文环境是在变化的，所以a正确。64b信息理解题。根据第二段中的but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters可知b项正确。65d信息理解题。由第三段最后一句可知d项正确。66b词意猜测题。由划线词的上下文可知，有兄弟的女孩比只有姐妹的女孩更有女子气质。所以b是正确答案。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。104. “have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. when my friend maxie says “have a nice day” with a smile, i know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. i feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.“have a nice day. next！” this version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. the words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. they_are_spoken_at_me,_not_to_me. obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.the expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. as soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. sometimes the expression saves us when we dont know what to say. “oh, you just had a tooth out? im terribly sorry, but have a nice day. ”the expression can be pleasant. if a stranger says “have a nice day” to you, you may find it heartwarming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you. although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. the salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. but in a strange and comfortable way, its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much. while the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. the point is that people say it all the time when they like.26. how does the author understand maxies words? amaxie shows her anxiety to the author. bmaxie really wishes the author a good day. cmaxie encourages the author to stay happy. dmaxie really worries about the authors security.27. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean? athe salesgirl is rude. bthe salesgirl is bored. cthe salesgirl cares about me. dthe salesgirl says the words as a routine.28. by saying “have a nice day，” a stranger may _. atry to be polite to you bexpress respect to you cgive his blessing to you dshare his pleasure with you29. according to the last paragraph, people say “have a nice day” _. asincerely bas thanks cas a habit dencouragingly30. what is the best title of the passage? ahave a nice day a social custom bhave a nice day a pleasant gesture chave a nice day a heartwarming greeting dhave a nice day a polite ending of a conversation【要点综述】这是一篇描述人际关系的文章。主要介绍“have a nice day！”这一习语，它是人与人之间见面打招呼的用语。26. b细节理解题。根据第一段的i know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. i feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.看出作者的朋友在祝福作者一天心情愉快。故选b。27. d句义猜测题。根据本段的the words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure.和obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.猜出这是销售人员的日常用语。故选d。28. a细节理解题。根据第四段if a stranger says “have a nice day” to you, you may find it heartwarming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.看出陌生人对你是友好的，表现出他的礼貌。故选a。29. c细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句(特别是custom一词)和最后两句(while the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. the point is that people say it all the time when they like.)可知，人们常说 “have a nice day”，已成为一种习惯了。30. a主旨大意题。由最后一段，特别是该段的第一句可知。105.sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. an attraction of sport programs for the major u. s. media companies is that events are often held on saturday and sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. this means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. the people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. they also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. these sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. however, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. it is made up of people from the highest income groups in the united states, including many lawyers and business managers. this is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling highpriced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. this is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach highincome consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. with such viewers, these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the air.41. television sport programs on weekend afternoons _. aresult in more sport events bget more viewers to play sports cmake more people interested in television dbring more money to the television networks42. why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? abecause there would be few viewers. bbecause the advertisers would be off work. cbecause television programs would go slowly. dbecause viewers would pay less for watching television.43. in many families, men make decisions on _. aholiday trips bsports viewing ctelevision shopping dexpensive purchases44. the ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because _. atheir advertisers are carmakers btheir viewers are attracted by sports ctheir advertisers target at rich people dtheir viewers can afford expensive cars45. what is the passage mainly about? atelevision ratings are determined by male viewers. brich viewers contribute most to television companies. csports are gaining importance in advertising on television. dcommercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.【要点综述】本文讲述的是通过在星期六和星期日的下午播放一些电视节目来吸引那些高收入的人来看，给广告带来了极大的效益。说明体育在电视广告中起着很重要的作用。41. d细节理解题。由文章的“sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies.”看出在这个时段做体育广告会给电视台赚很多的钱。故选d。42. a细节理解题。从第二段看出在这个时段看电视人很少，所以是dead time。故选a。43. d细节理解题。从第三段many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.看出在美国家庭男士在购买贵重物品上做决定。故选d。44. c细节理解题。根据第四段的内容“however, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. it is made up of people from the highest income groups”可推知不是为了让他们看高尔夫这些运动的，而是为了吸引这些高收入的人。也就是说“他们面对的都是一些富人”。故选c。45. c主旨大意题。文章开篇点题，讲的是通过在星期六和星期日的下午播放一些电视节目来吸引那些高收入的人来看，给广告带来了极大的效益。说明体育在电视广告中起着很重要的作用。故选c。106.some people believe that a robin hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. but the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern german city believe in fairytales(童话)the first envelope was sent to a victim support group. it contained 10,000 with a cu