广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 情景交际01.doc

情景交际精讲精炼01 核心考核要点解读高考中的情景交际考点是用来考查考生在一定语境下对应答或习惯表达的掌握情况。其实质是对学生口语能力进行一种书面的考查。一般来说，高考中对于情景交际试题要求主要包括英语新课程标准中所涉及的68个话题。主要体现在社会交往(问候、告别、道歉、祝愿、祝贺等)中人的态度(同意或不同意；喜欢或不喜欢；肯定或不肯定；可能或不可能；能够或不能够等)或表示的一种情感(高兴、惊奇、忧虑、安慰、满意、遗憾、同情等)等。重要知识要点突破对情景交际的考查是英语高考中的一种潮流。它的目的主要在于考查考生对英语知识的理解及应用，从而检测出考生对英语的驾驭能力。国家高中英语新课标列出了11个方面共66个功能意念项目以及24个话题项目。下面是最常用的一些情景交际语境。1.introduction(介绍)this is mr smith.nice/glad/pleased to meet you.2.greetings(问候)how are you doing?very well, thank you.3.thanks(感谢)thank you very much.its a pleasure./my pleasure./thats ok./youre welcome./dont mention it./thats all right.4.apologies(道歉)im sorry for losing your radio.thats ok./its all right./never mind./its nothing./forget it./it doesnt matter.5.invitation(邀请)would you like to have a cup of coffee?thank you./no, thank you.6.asking for permission(请求允许)would/do you mind my smoking here?of course,you can./go ahead,please.im sorry,its not allowed./im afraid not.7.expressing wishes and congratulations(祝愿和祝贺)im going to have an english exam.good luck!i have just won the first prize in the maths competition.congratulations!8.offering help(提供帮助)shall i help you with that?yes,please./yes,thanks.no,thanks./thank you all the same.9.making appointments(约会)lets make it at 5:30.all right.see you then.10.making telephone calls(打电话) hello! may i speak to tom?/is that tom speaking?just a moment, please./sorry. he isnt in just now. /hold the line, please. /hello. this is mary speaking.11.having meals(就餐) would you like something to eat/drink?yes,id like a drink./id like rice and chicken.no,thank you.ive had enough.12.seeing a doctor(就医)whats the matter?im not quite myself./i feel terrible(bad,horrible.).i have a headache./there is something wrong with.13.shopping购物what can i do for you?/may i help you?i want/id like a pair of sports shoes.14.asking the way(问路)excuse me.where is the post office?/excuse me.which is the way to the post office?/can(could) you tell me the way to the post office?/how can i get to the post office?its over there./go down this street until you see the tall red building.you cant miss it./you can take bus no.23./turn left at the first crossing./sorry,i dont know.im a stranger here.15.talking about weather(谈论天气)whats the weather like today?/how is the weather today?its nice/fine/sunny/cloudy/rainy/snowy/foggy.16.sympathy(同情)my mother is ill.i have to stay at home and look after her.im sorry to hear that.17.frequency(频度)how often do you go to movies?once a week.18.praise and encouragement(赞扬和鼓励)you speak excellent english.thank you.典题链接英语是一种交流工具。为考查考生的能力，交际用语在高考中一直有所体现。高考对日常用语的考查范围主要集中在以下5个方面：1.请求许可与回答：may i turn down the radio a bit?_,if you insist.a. nob. my pleasurec. all rightd. thats right本题选c项。上文在征询意见，请求许可。下文尽管有点不乐意，还是同意了。all right,ok都可以。如果没有if you insist,可以爽快地说go ahead/yes,of course.do you mind my smoking here?_.a. no, please dontb. i dont want you toc. im afraid i dontd. id rather you didnt本题选d项，用id rather主观愿望句表示不同意。用虚拟语气显得比较客气，委婉。如果直截了当地说，就用im afraid i do.这样显得有点不客气。2.请求帮助、提供帮助、接受帮助或拒绝帮助would you do me a favor of posting this letter?_.a. its my pleasureb. no troublec. yes, thats rightd. with pleasure本题选d项。with pleasure是ill do that with pleasure.（我很乐意）的省略。而a项是你帮过忙，别人致谢时，你的回答。我很荣幸。let me carry the bag for you, professor.thank you._.a. go aheadb. here you arec. i can managed. take it本题选c项。i can manage(it).我自己能行；a项go ahead 前面说过，是别人请求许可时的爽快回答；b项意思是给你；d项是叫别人收下什么时说的。sir, can i ask a favor?_a. im sorry, but what?b. sure, what is it?c. yes, you could. d. id love to.本题选b项。先同意，然后问是什么。c项对别人应该说yes, you can.有求于人时才用委婉的could;而d项与上文不符。3.就餐场合how do you want the beef?_.a. smallb. thinc. hotd. medium本题选d项。上文问的是牛肉要几成熟？只有d项medium(七八成熟，不老不嫩）是正确的回答。当然还有rare(嫩一点)或well-done(老一点)。can i help you, sir?_.a. yes, you canb. no, i dont need any helpc. of course, if you liked. no, thanks, im being served本题选d项。对话发生在餐馆。服务员问：先生要点些什么食物？顾客回答：不，我已经点过了。选项a和c人称用错；选项b语气不委婉；im being served. 已经点过，只是点的东西还没上来。故选d。4.问路its several blocks away. let me draw you a map._.a. thanksb. oh, i would really appreciate thatc. thatll be okd. oh, you dont have to本题选b项。就上下文来说b项最合适，a、c两项略显冷淡了点，对于帮了大忙的人，光thanks和ok不足以表达感谢之情。_.oh, look at my poor sense of direction.a. let me help youb. this way, pleasec. here it isd. no hurry本题选b项。这是发生在路上的对话。根据下文“看我这方向感！”，可知走错路了。所以上文应该是“这边请！”5.祝贺和祝愿happy fathers day, dad!_.a. you are welcomeb. thats all rightc. thank youd. the same to you本题选c项。子女对父亲说：父亲节快乐。父亲回答：谢谢。或its nice of you to say so.真是好孩子！have a sweet dream, honey!_.a. thanks, anywayb. i willc. all rightd. you too本题选d项。晚上父母把孩子送上床，然后说：做个好梦。回答：你也是。在其他相互祝愿的情况下you too 都可用。如在party上:enjoy yourself!you too.碰到熟人:have a nice day.you too.过年过节：have a happy new year!you too.而a项是别人帮你的忙没帮上时说的话，“不管怎么说，还是要谢谢你。”【考点诠释】英语交际型试题主要考查考生对英语知识的理解和应用能力，考查考生对中西方文化差异的掌握情况及对英语的使用和驾驭能力。在高考英语试题中，交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。命题方式有以下几种。考点1 习惯应答类许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目，我们要遵循他们的习惯进行回答。如：1常用于感谢的应答用语有：you are welcome/dont mention it/it is my pleasure(my pleasure)/not at a11/thats all right/im glad(happy)that/im glad you like(enjoy)it2常用于道歉的应答用语有：never mind/it doesnt matter/not at a11/thats all right/that is nothing3常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：good luck!/best wishes to you/have a nice time/wish you a pleasant journey/congratulations!/merry christmas!/happy birthday to you而应答用语有：thank you/the same to you/you too4接受请求和邀请的应答用语有：with pleasure/id be happy(glad)to/yes，help yourself/no problem/good idea/sounds good/why not?拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：sorry，but/id rather you/thank you，but/no way!/forget it。5其他场景习惯应答用语考生也应注意。问候的应答用语有：how do you do/fine，thank you介绍的应答用语有：very glad(pleased)to see you接电话的习惯用语有：this is li ming speaking道别的习惯用语有：bye/so long/see you later服务人员的应答用语有：yes，sir/yes，madame/take your time考点2 破交际定势类汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维，避免母语交际定势的干扰，要根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答。如：当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美自己时，习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话；而英美人则不同，他们总是先接受对方的夸奖，再表示谢意。如：一youve given us a wonderful chinese dinner，mrswang王太太，您给我们提供了一顿极好的中式晚餐。im glad you enjoyed it我很高兴你们喜欢。考点3 语言结构类这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)居多。如当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：yes，i think(suppose，believe)so/yes，imafraid so对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度，则说：no，i dont think(suppose) so/no，i dont believe so/no，i believe(suppose)not/no，i hope not/no，i am afraid not“do you mind?”常用于表示请求对方允许。如果同意，则用“no，go ahead/no，of course not/no，not at a11”等来回答；如果不同意，可用“im sorry i do”来回答。考点4 情景用语类根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。如表示不肯定或没把握，人们会说：i am afraid that/it depends表示不耐烦和催促的用语有：well，well/come on/hurry up!表示惊奇和有把握的用语有：no wonder/no doubt如：一what do you want to do next?we have half an hour until the basketball game接下来你准备做什么?在篮球赛之前我们还有半小时。一its up to youwhatever you want to do is fine with me这取决于你。你想做什么我都同意。2016高考模拟试题精讲精炼1.-the modern art exhibition in the city museum has been cancelled. -oh, no!_. a. its a pity b. it doesnt matter c.i knew it already d. its not interesting at all【考点】交际用语【答案】a【解析】分析题干语境可知，答语表示的是对于现代艺术展览活动的取消表示遗憾。因此，正确答案为a选项。2. im terribly sorry to interrupt, but may i use your phone? its rather urgent. yes, . a. with pleasure b. n