高考英语 考点语法单选超级归纳十五、倒装句.doc

十五、倒装句类 型情 况例 句部分倒装（部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does /did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。）句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner, not only,in no way,at no time,few, not,no等not a word did i say to him.never have i found him so happy.little does he care about what i said.i cant swim. neither can he.no sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.hardly/scarcely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)only then did i realize the importance of math. (副词)only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。onlywang ling knows this.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装i saw the film, so did she.so loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.“not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装“not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装not only does john love chinese, he is also good at speaking it.但not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。not only the mother but also the children are sick.not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)as/though引导的让步状语从句proud as these nobles are, hes afraid to see me.tired as he was, he kept on running.tired though he was, he kept on running.=though he was tired,he kept on runningchild as he is,he knows a lot.(注意：child前没有冠词a)在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构many a time has john given me good advice.often have we made that test.在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were,had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。had i time (= if i had time), i would go and help you.were i you (= if i were you), i would go abroad.should he come (=if he should come), tell him to ring me up.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里may you succeed!完全倒装there be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand等there stood a dog before him.there exist different opinions on this question.“here,there, now, then + come (或be等) + 主语” 结构说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义here comes the old lady!then came the hour we had been looking forward to.there comes the bus.now comes your turn.除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。here you are.there she comes.表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。in came mr white.up went the arrow into the air.away went the boy. 表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装on the top of the hill stands a pine tree.in front of the classroom is a playground.they arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.其它形式的完全倒装present at the meeting was mr. green, a headmaster.（形容词短语）such was the story he told me.（代词）east of the city lies a new railway. (副词短语)first to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短语)gone a